DNA and Cancer Roy Mod Narrated

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Slide 1: 

DNA: Structure and Replication Paradise Lost

Slide 2: 

DNA Was known to be a chemical in cells by the end of the nineteenth century. Has the capacity to store genetic information. Can be copied and passed from generation to generation.

Slide 3: 

DNA and RNA Structure nucleic acids . nucleotides joined by sugar-phosphate backbone.

Slide 5: 

FOUR nucleotides found in DNA Differ in their nitrogenous bases. thymine (T), cytosine (C), adenine (A), and guanine (G). RNA has uracil (U) in place of thymine. Nucleotides of DNA

Slide 6: 

Early 1900’s Genes What are chromosomes made of? Searching for the Structure

Slide 7: 

Watson and Crick used X-ray crystallography data to reveal the basic shape of DNA. Rosalind Franklin collected the X-ray crystallography data.

Slide 8: 

The model of DNA is like a rope ladder twisted into a spiral. Twisted!

Slide 10: 

DNA replication Begins at specific sites on a double helix. Proceeds in both directions.

Slide 12: 

T he recessive allele is far more prevalent than the dominant allele in the population. Gemma Arterton

Slide 13: 

Damaging Alleles The enzymes and proteins involved in replication can repair the damage. However, excessive damage can lead to gene mutations

Slide 14: 

The Genetic Basis of Cancer As early as 1911, certain viruses were known to cause cancer. Cancer-causing viruses often carry specific genes called oncogenes .

Slide 15: 

Super–Genes Proto- oncogenes Normal genes that can become oncogenes . Code for growth factors that stimulate cell division .

Slide 16: 

Mutation For a proto-oncogene to become an oncogene , a mutation must occur in the cell’s DNA.

Slide 17: 

Gene Mutation

Slide 18: 

Nature and Nurture Tumor-suppressor Genes Help prevent uncontrolled cell growth. May be mutated, and contribute to cancer Click on Image

Slide 19: 

The Progression of a Cancer Colon cancer begins as an unusually frequent division of normal-looking cells in the colon lining.

Slide 20: 

Malignant Genes Result in altered signal-transduction pathways.

Slide 21: 

”Inherited” Cancer Cancer is always a genetic disease because it always results from changes in DNA.

Slide 22: 

Predisdosition to Cancer In some families, mutations in one or more genes predisposing the recipient to cancer can be passed on.

Slide 23: 

familial, or inherited inherited cancer syndromes fairly rare common BRCA I and II mutations Colon and Breast Cancer

Slide 24: 

Breast Cancer Nothing to do with inherited mutations in majority of cases .

Slide 25: 

Breast Cancer In some families can be caused by inherited cancer genes. Can be caused by mutations affecting the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes.

Slide 26: 

Cancer Is one of the leading causes of death in the United States. Can be caused by carcinogens.

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Examples of carcinogens include UV radiation. Tobacco. Alcohol.

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Exposure to carcinogens Is often an individual choice. Can be avoided.