PHARMACOLOGY :
PHARMACOLOGY Pharmacology is the study of drugs and the effects they have on the body
PHARMACOKINETICS : Body’s affect on drug
Liberation
Absorption
Distribution
Metabolism
Excretion
T1/2 IS Time total amount of drug diminishes by one half
PHARMACODYNAMIC : Drug’s affect on body
Drug action
Drug effect
RECEPTOR:
Drug-receptor interaction can modify: cell function /rate of function
DRUG ACTION
Receptor type, location, number of sites
Affinity
Efficacy
AGONIST :
May stimulate cell function ,Produce effects similar to natural effects
ANTAGONIST:
Inhibits cell function by occupying receptor sites
DRUG SOURCES :
DRUG SOURCES Poppy plant Raw opium Preparation
of
opium tincture Opium tincture (laudanum) Morphine
Codeine
Narcotine
Papaverine
etc Ref: Lüllmann, Color Atlas of Pharmacology © 2000 Thieme
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DRUG DEVELOPMENT (bio)chemical synthesis 10,000
Substances Tissue homogenate
Cells
Isolated organs
Animals 10 substances PHASE 3:
Patient groups:
Comparison with
standard therapy PHASE 1: {ECG, EEG, BP}
Healthy subjects:
effects on body functions,
dose definition, pharmacokinetics PHASE 4 Approval from FDA General use
Long-term benefit-risk
evaluation PHASE 2:
Selected patients:
effects on disease;
safety, efficacy, dose,
pharmacokinetics
Slide 5:
The New Drug Development Process http://www.fda.gov/CDER/HANDBOOK/DEVELOP.HTM
DRUG ADMINISTRATION ROUTES :
DRUG ADMINISTRATION ROUTES Key ref:publications.nigms.nih.gov/.../ch1_drugadmin.jpg
NANOPHARMACOLOGY :
NANOPHARMACOLOGY Nanopharmacology is the use of nanotechnology for discovery of new pharmacological molecular entities; selection of pharmaceuticals for specific individuals to maximize effectiveness and minimize side effects; and delivery of pharmaceuticals to targeted locations or tissues within the body.
Drug Effectiveness :
1. MOA
2. Delivery
3. Right concentration
4. coverage
5. Elimination Liposome's Polymeric Nanoparticles www.iopraipur.ac.in/
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