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Premium member Presentation Transcript Python程式設計入門: Python 程式設計入門 dex@cdpa.nsysu.edu.tw簡介: 簡介 Script Program Language Object-Oriented Program Language General-Purpose Program Language Easy to learn 誰在使用 Python 呢 ? 大神 Google 美國太空總署 (NASA) … [How to Become a Hacker] 一文中推薦使用使用Python: 使用 Python 有兩種主要使用 python 的方法 使用互動式命令列 e.q. 直接鍵入 python 就會進入 python 的互動式命令列 將程式寫成檔案,再由 python 執行 直在將程式碼寫在檔案內,然後再執行 python 去讀取該檔案 Ex: python hello.py 或是在檔案的第一個行寫著 #!/usr/bin/env python ,然後在第二行之後輸入程式碼,如此可以直接執行該檔案 Ex: ./hello.py 作業平台 Linux 、 FreeBSD … Windows您的第一個python程式 – Hello World: 您的第一個 python 程式 – Hello World 使用互動式命令列 >>> print “Hello World” Hello World >>> 放在檔案裡 #!/usr/bin/env python print “Hello World” 記得將檔案改成可執行 chmod a+x < 檔名 >基本概念: 基本概念 語法特色 以冒號 ( :) 做為敘述的開始 不必使用分號 (;) 做為結尾 井字號 (#) 做為註解符號,同行井字號後的任何字將被忽略 使用 tab 鍵做為縮排區塊的依據 不必指定變數型態 (runtime 時才會進行 binding)變數(Variables)和 表示式(Expressions): 變數 (Variables) 和 表示式 (Expressions) 表示式 3 + 5 3 + (5 * 4) 3 ** 2 ‘Hello’ + ‘World’ 變數指定 a = 4 << 3 b = a * 4.5 c = (a+b)/2.5 a = “Hello World” 型別是動態的,會根據指定時的物件來決定型別 變數單純只是物件的名稱,並不會和記憶體綁在一起。 e.q. 和記憶體綁在一起的是物件,而不是物件名稱。條件式敘述 (Conditional Statements) Part I: 條件式敘述 (Conditional Statements) Part I if-else if a < b: z = b else: z = a pass 敘述 – 不做任何事時使用 if a < b: pass else: z = a條件式敘述 (Conditional Statements) Part II: 條件式敘述 (Conditional Statements) Part II elif 敘述 if a == ‘+’: op = PLUS elif a == ‘-’: op = MINUS else: op = UNKNOWN 沒有像 C 語言一樣,有 switch 的語法 布林表示式 – and, or, not if b >= a and b <= c: print ‘b is between a and c’ if not (b < a or c > c): print ‘b is still between a and c’基本型態 (Numbers and String): 基本型態 (Numbers and String) Numbers ( 數 ) a = 3 # Integer ( 整數 ) b = 4.5 # Float point ( 浮點數 ) c = 51728888333L # Long Integer ( 精準度無限 ) d = 4 + 3j # Complex number ( 複數 ) Strings ( 字串 ) a = ‘Hello’ # Single quotes b = “World” # Double quotes c = “Bob said ‘hey there.’” # A mix of both d = ‘’’A triple qouted string can span multiple lines like this’’’ e = “””Also works for double quotes”””基本型態 – 串列(Lists): 基本型態 – 串列 (Lists) 任意物件的串列 a = [2, 3, 4] # A list of integer b = [2, 7, 3.5, “Hello”] # A mixed list c = [] # An empty list d = [2, [a, b]] # A list containing a list e = a + b # Join two lists 串列的操作 x = a[1] # Get 2nd element (0 is first) y = b[1:3] # Return a sub-list z = d[1][0][2] # Nested lists b[0] = 42 # Change an element基本型態 – 固定有序列(Tuples): 基本型態 – 固定有序列 (Tuples) Tuples f = (2,3,4,5) # A tuple of integers g = (,) # An empty tuple h = (2, [3,4], (10,11,12)) # A tuple containing mixed objects Tuples 的操作 x = f[1] # Element access. x = 3 y = f[1:3] # Slices. y = (3,4) z = h[1][1] # Nesting. z = 4 特色 與 list 類似,最大的不同 tuple 是一種唯讀且不可變更的資料結構 不可取代 tuple 中的任意一個元素,因為它是唯讀不可變更的基本型態 – 字典 (Dictionaries): 基本型態 – 字典 (Dictionaries) Dictionaries ( 關聯陣列 ) a = { } # An empty dictionary b = { ’x’: 3, ’y’: 4 } c = { ’uid’: 105, ’login’: ’beazley’, ’name’ : ’David Beazley’ } Dictionaries 的存取 u = c[’uid’] # Get an element c[’shell’] = "/bin/sh" # Set an element if c.has_key("directory"): # Check for presence of an member d = c[’directory’] else: d = None d = c.get("directory",None) # Same thing, more compact迴圈 (Loops): 迴圈 (Loops) while 敘述 while a < b: # Do something a = a + 1 for 敘述 ( 走訪序列的元素 ) for i in [3, 4, 10, 25]: print i # Print characters one at a time for c in "Hello World": print c # Loop over a range of numbers for i in range(0,100): print i函式 (Functions): 函式 (Functions) def 敘述 # Return the remainder of a/b def remainder(a,b): q = a/b r = a - q*b return r # Now use it a = remainder(42,5) # a = 2 回傳一個以上的值 def divide(a,b): q = a/b r = a - q*b return q,r x,y = divide(42,5) # x = 8, y = 2類別 (Classes): 類別 (Classes) class 敘述 class Account: def __init__(self, initial): self.balance = initial def deposit(self, amt): self.balance = self.balance + amt def withdraw(self,amt): self.balance = self.balance - amt def getbalance(self): return self.balance 使用定義好的 class a = Account(1000.00) a.deposit(550.23) a.deposit(100) a.withdraw(50) print a.getbalance()例外處理 (Exceptions): 例外處理 (Exceptions) try 敘述 try: f = open("foo") except IOError: print "Couldn’t open ’foo’. Sorry." raise 敘述 def factorial(n): if n < 0: raise ValueError,"Expected non-negative number" if (n <= 1): return 1 else: return n*factorial(n-1) 沒有處理的例外 >>> factorial(-1) Traceback (innermost last): File "<stdin>", line 1, in ? File "<stdin>", line 3, in factorial ValueError: Expected non-negative number >>>檔案處理: 檔案處理 open() 函式 f = open("foo","w") # Open a file for writing g = open("bar","r") # Open a file for reading 檔案的讀取 / 寫入 f.write("Hello World") data = g.read() # Read all data line = g.readline() # Read a single line lines = g.readlines() # Read data as a list of lines 格式化的輸入輸出 使用 % 來格式化字串 for i in range(0,10): f.write("2 times %d = %d\n" % (i, 2*i))模組 (Modules): 模組 (Modules) 程式可分成好幾個模組 # numbers.py def divide(a,b): q = a/b r = a - q*b return q,r def gcd(x,y): g = y while x > 0: g = x x = y % x y = g return g import 敘述 import numbers x,y = numbers.divide(42,5) n = numbers.gcd(7291823, 5683)Python的標準模組函式庫: Python 的標準模組函式庫 Python 本身就包含了大量的模組提供使用 String processing Operating system interfaces Networking Threads GUI Database Language services Security. 使用模組 import string ... a = string.split(x)參考: 參考 官方網頁 ( 英 ) http://www.python.org Python 教學文件 ( 中 ) http://www.freebsd.org.hk/html/python/tut_tw/tut.html隨堂測驗: 隨堂測驗 請寫一支程式輸出下列結果 * ** *** **** ***** ****** ******* ******** ********* ********** You do not have the permission to view this presentation. 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python queenskimo Download Post to : URL : Related Presentations : Share Add to Flag Embed Email Send to Blogs and Networks Add to Channel Uploaded from authorPOINT lite Insert YouTube videos in PowerPont slides with aS Desktop Copy embed code: (To copy code, click on the text box) Embed: URL: Thumbnail: WordPress Embed Customize Embed The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites. Views: 58 Category: Education License: All Rights Reserved Like it (0) Dislike it (0) Added: September 05, 2011 This Presentation is Public Favorites: 0 Presentation Description intrdduction Comments Posting comment... Premium member Presentation Transcript Python程式設計入門: Python 程式設計入門 dex@cdpa.nsysu.edu.tw簡介: 簡介 Script Program Language Object-Oriented Program Language General-Purpose Program Language Easy to learn 誰在使用 Python 呢 ? 大神 Google 美國太空總署 (NASA) … [How to Become a Hacker] 一文中推薦使用使用Python: 使用 Python 有兩種主要使用 python 的方法 使用互動式命令列 e.q. 直接鍵入 python 就會進入 python 的互動式命令列 將程式寫成檔案,再由 python 執行 直在將程式碼寫在檔案內,然後再執行 python 去讀取該檔案 Ex: python hello.py 或是在檔案的第一個行寫著 #!/usr/bin/env python ,然後在第二行之後輸入程式碼,如此可以直接執行該檔案 Ex: ./hello.py 作業平台 Linux 、 FreeBSD … Windows您的第一個python程式 – Hello World: 您的第一個 python 程式 – Hello World 使用互動式命令列 >>> print “Hello World” Hello World >>> 放在檔案裡 #!/usr/bin/env python print “Hello World” 記得將檔案改成可執行 chmod a+x < 檔名 >基本概念: 基本概念 語法特色 以冒號 ( :) 做為敘述的開始 不必使用分號 (;) 做為結尾 井字號 (#) 做為註解符號,同行井字號後的任何字將被忽略 使用 tab 鍵做為縮排區塊的依據 不必指定變數型態 (runtime 時才會進行 binding)變數(Variables)和 表示式(Expressions): 變數 (Variables) 和 表示式 (Expressions) 表示式 3 + 5 3 + (5 * 4) 3 ** 2 ‘Hello’ + ‘World’ 變數指定 a = 4 << 3 b = a * 4.5 c = (a+b)/2.5 a = “Hello World” 型別是動態的,會根據指定時的物件來決定型別 變數單純只是物件的名稱,並不會和記憶體綁在一起。 e.q. 和記憶體綁在一起的是物件,而不是物件名稱。條件式敘述 (Conditional Statements) Part I: 條件式敘述 (Conditional Statements) Part I if-else if a < b: z = b else: z = a pass 敘述 – 不做任何事時使用 if a < b: pass else: z = a條件式敘述 (Conditional Statements) Part II: 條件式敘述 (Conditional Statements) Part II elif 敘述 if a == ‘+’: op = PLUS elif a == ‘-’: op = MINUS else: op = UNKNOWN 沒有像 C 語言一樣,有 switch 的語法 布林表示式 – and, or, not if b >= a and b <= c: print ‘b is between a and c’ if not (b < a or c > c): print ‘b is still between a and c’基本型態 (Numbers and String): 基本型態 (Numbers and String) Numbers ( 數 ) a = 3 # Integer ( 整數 ) b = 4.5 # Float point ( 浮點數 ) c = 51728888333L # Long Integer ( 精準度無限 ) d = 4 + 3j # Complex number ( 複數 ) Strings ( 字串 ) a = ‘Hello’ # Single quotes b = “World” # Double quotes c = “Bob said ‘hey there.’” # A mix of both d = ‘’’A triple qouted string can span multiple lines like this’’’ e = “””Also works for double quotes”””基本型態 – 串列(Lists): 基本型態 – 串列 (Lists) 任意物件的串列 a = [2, 3, 4] # A list of integer b = [2, 7, 3.5, “Hello”] # A mixed list c = [] # An empty list d = [2, [a, b]] # A list containing a list e = a + b # Join two lists 串列的操作 x = a[1] # Get 2nd element (0 is first) y = b[1:3] # Return a sub-list z = d[1][0][2] # Nested lists b[0] = 42 # Change an element基本型態 – 固定有序列(Tuples): 基本型態 – 固定有序列 (Tuples) Tuples f = (2,3,4,5) # A tuple of integers g = (,) # An empty tuple h = (2, [3,4], (10,11,12)) # A tuple containing mixed objects Tuples 的操作 x = f[1] # Element access. x = 3 y = f[1:3] # Slices. y = (3,4) z = h[1][1] # Nesting. z = 4 特色 與 list 類似,最大的不同 tuple 是一種唯讀且不可變更的資料結構 不可取代 tuple 中的任意一個元素,因為它是唯讀不可變更的基本型態 – 字典 (Dictionaries): 基本型態 – 字典 (Dictionaries) Dictionaries ( 關聯陣列 ) a = { } # An empty dictionary b = { ’x’: 3, ’y’: 4 } c = { ’uid’: 105, ’login’: ’beazley’, ’name’ : ’David Beazley’ } Dictionaries 的存取 u = c[’uid’] # Get an element c[’shell’] = "/bin/sh" # Set an element if c.has_key("directory"): # Check for presence of an member d = c[’directory’] else: d = None d = c.get("directory",None) # Same thing, more compact迴圈 (Loops): 迴圈 (Loops) while 敘述 while a < b: # Do something a = a + 1 for 敘述 ( 走訪序列的元素 ) for i in [3, 4, 10, 25]: print i # Print characters one at a time for c in "Hello World": print c # Loop over a range of numbers for i in range(0,100): print i函式 (Functions): 函式 (Functions) def 敘述 # Return the remainder of a/b def remainder(a,b): q = a/b r = a - q*b return r # Now use it a = remainder(42,5) # a = 2 回傳一個以上的值 def divide(a,b): q = a/b r = a - q*b return q,r x,y = divide(42,5) # x = 8, y = 2類別 (Classes): 類別 (Classes) class 敘述 class Account: def __init__(self, initial): self.balance = initial def deposit(self, amt): self.balance = self.balance + amt def withdraw(self,amt): self.balance = self.balance - amt def getbalance(self): return self.balance 使用定義好的 class a = Account(1000.00) a.deposit(550.23) a.deposit(100) a.withdraw(50) print a.getbalance()例外處理 (Exceptions): 例外處理 (Exceptions) try 敘述 try: f = open("foo") except IOError: print "Couldn’t open ’foo’. Sorry." raise 敘述 def factorial(n): if n < 0: raise ValueError,"Expected non-negative number" if (n <= 1): return 1 else: return n*factorial(n-1) 沒有處理的例外 >>> factorial(-1) Traceback (innermost last): File "<stdin>", line 1, in ? File "<stdin>", line 3, in factorial ValueError: Expected non-negative number >>>檔案處理: 檔案處理 open() 函式 f = open("foo","w") # Open a file for writing g = open("bar","r") # Open a file for reading 檔案的讀取 / 寫入 f.write("Hello World") data = g.read() # Read all data line = g.readline() # Read a single line lines = g.readlines() # Read data as a list of lines 格式化的輸入輸出 使用 % 來格式化字串 for i in range(0,10): f.write("2 times %d = %d\n" % (i, 2*i))模組 (Modules): 模組 (Modules) 程式可分成好幾個模組 # numbers.py def divide(a,b): q = a/b r = a - q*b return q,r def gcd(x,y): g = y while x > 0: g = x x = y % x y = g return g import 敘述 import numbers x,y = numbers.divide(42,5) n = numbers.gcd(7291823, 5683)Python的標準模組函式庫: Python 的標準模組函式庫 Python 本身就包含了大量的模組提供使用 String processing Operating system interfaces Networking Threads GUI Database Language services Security. 使用模組 import string ... a = string.split(x)參考: 參考 官方網頁 ( 英 ) http://www.python.org Python 教學文件 ( 中 ) http://www.freebsd.org.hk/html/python/tut_tw/tut.html隨堂測驗: 隨堂測驗 請寫一支程式輸出下列結果 * ** *** **** ***** ****** ******* ******** ********* **********