FPGA Architecture

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FPGA Architecture: 

FPGA Architecture Pradeep S ingh ECE 3 rd year 0902831062

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Presentation overview What is FPGA ? Programming Technologies Routing Architecture CLBs Advantage & disadvantage of FPGA Reference

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What is FPGA? Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs ) are two dimensional array of logic blocks and flip-flops that can be electrically programmed to become almost any kind of digital circuit or system. Block diagram of fpga

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Programming Technologies It is used to control the programmable switches that give FPGAs their programmability. There are a number of programming technologies but the flash, static memory and anti-fuse are widely used in modern FPGAs

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1. Static Memory Programming Technology

2. Flash/EEPROM Programming Technology : 

2. Flash/EEPROM Programming Technology Non Volatile Fast Cannot reprogrammed an infinite no. of times use non standard cmos process

3. Anti-fuse Programming Technology: 

3. Anti-fuse Programming Technology this link is permanent. The primary advantage of anti-fuse programming technology is its low area. Non-volatility also means that the device works instantly once programmed.

Routing Architecture: 

Routing Architecture The programmable routing in an FPGA provides connections among logic blocks and I/O blocks. It consists of wires and programmable switches.

1. Hierarchical Routing Architectures: 

1. Hierarchical Routing Architectures

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2. Island-Style Routing Architecture

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3. Unidirectional Single-Driver Routing Architectures

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4.Pipelined FPGA Routing Structures

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CLBs Each Virtex -II CLB contains four slices Local routing provides feedback between slices in the same CLB, and it provides routing to neighboring CLBs A switch matrix provides access to general routing resources

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Slice 0 LUT Carry LUT Carry D Q CE PRE CLR D Q CE PRE CLR Simplified Slice Structure Each slice has four outputs Two registered outputs, two non-registered outputs Two BUFTs associated with each CLB, accessible by all 16 CLB outputs Carry logic runs vertically, up only Two independent carry chains per CLB

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Advantage of FPGA Reusability, and lower non-recurring engineering cost. Weak economy asking for low-cost technologies. FPGA can be re-programmed in the field to fix bugs. FPGA offers time-to-market advantage.

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Disadvantage of FPGA Not a right device for high volume applications. Costlier than custom ICs. No on-chip analog functions Higher power consumption compared to ASIC.

References: 

References http ://www.eecg.toronto.edu/~vaughn/challenge/fpga_arch.html http ://www.altera.com/literature/hb/cyc2/cyc2_cii51002.pdf http ://www.altera.com/literature/hb/stratix-iv/stx4_5v1_01.pdf Dean Takahashi, VentureBeat . "Intel connection helped chip startup Tabula raise $108M." May 2, 2011. Retrieved May 13, 2011. EDN Europe. "Xilinx adopts stacked-die 3D packaging." November 1, 2010. Retrieved May 12, 2011.

Thank you: 

Thank you