chapter 22

CHAPTER 22:

CHAPTER 22

WORLD WAR I:

WORLD WAR I “The Great War” Causes? Competing rivalries Military expansion, international tensions fragile alliance 1914, Assassination of Archduke Ferdinand

MAJOR PLAYERS:

MAJOR PLAYERS ALLIES Britain France Russia CENTRAL Germany Austria-Hungary

NEW TECHNOLOGY:

NEW TECHNOLOGY New weapons: rapid-fire rifles, bombers, ammunition, poison gas

American reaction:

American reaction Many Americans volunteered Young, college/high school, men e.e. cummings, Hemingway Test of manhood and idealism

AMERICAN NEUTRALITY:

AMERICAN NEUTRALITY Official position: neutral Most sympathized with Allies Stronger cultural, economic, social ties British propaganda

W. WILSON:

W. WILSON New world order National equality Self determination International organization peace

ROAD TO WAR:

ROAD TO WAR German aggressions Anti-German feelings at home April 6, 1917: American declaration of war

PATRIOTISM:

PATRIOTISM Anti-German, anti-immigrant “Liberty cabbage”

PROPAGANDA:

PROPAGANDA CPI – Committee on public information Three themes: National unity Evil empire Liberty/democracy

Typical soldier:

Typical soldier Little education Young men Movies, shaving, wristwatch Madrid, London Cigarette becomes very popular

BLACK SOLDIERS:

BLACK SOLDIERS Segregated units Blacks were considered unfit to fight Laborers, cooks, servants, and drivers Racist and violent treatment from White officers 1 in 5 saw combat Respected more abroad than at home

Slide 13:

African American soldiers of the 369th Infantry Regiment fighting in the trenches on the Western front, 1918. Nearly 400,000 black man served in World War I, but due to the racist beliefs held by most military and political leaders, only 42,000 went into combat. “Many of the white field officers,” wrote black Lieutenant Howard H. Long, “seemed far more concerned with reminding their Negro subordinates that they were Negroes than they were in having an effective unit that would perform well in combat.” SOURCE:The Granger Collection,New York.

WAR WORKERS:

WAR WORKERS Opportunities for Blacks and women Racial and gender segregation continued

Slide 15:

Women workers at the Midvale Steel and Ordinance Company in Pennsylvania, 1918. Wartime labor shortages created new opportunities for over one million women to take high-wage manufacturing jobs like these. The opening proved temporary, however, and with the war’s end, nearly all of these women lost their jobs. By 1920, the number of women employed in manufacturing was lower than it had been in 1910. SOURCE:National Archives and Records Administration (1-SC-31731).

SOCIETY:

SOCIETY Prohibition – Anti-German reaction 1919, 18 th amendment: outlaws alcohol Women’s suffrage 1920, 19 th amendment: cannot deny vote based on gender

Slide 17:

MAP 22.3 Woman Suffrage by State, 1869–1919 Dates for the enactment of woman suffrage in the individual states. Years before ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920, a number of Western states had legislated full or partial voting rights for women. In 1917, Montana suffragist Jeannette Rankin became the first woman elected to Congress. SOURCE:Barbara G.Shortridge, Atlas of American Women (New York:Macmillan,1987).

GREAT MIGRATION:

GREAT MIGRATION 1914-1920, Black migration South to north 300,000-500,000 Causes: Racial violence economics