logging in or signing up dividend final priyajain786 Download Post to : URL : Related Presentations : Share Add to Flag Embed Email Send to Blogs and Networks Add to Channel Uploaded from authorPOINT lite Insert YouTube videos in PowerPont slides with aS Desktop Copy embed code: (To copy code, click on the text box) Embed: URL: Thumbnail: WordPress Embed Customize Embed The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites. Views: 2436 Category: Business & Fin.. License: All Rights Reserved Like it (11) Dislike it (0) Added: December 26, 2009 This Presentation is Public Favorites: 6 Presentation Description No description available. Comments Posting comment... By: siva2222 (11 month(s) ago) this presentation is verygood.if u dont mind can u fwd me. Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: aamir872010 (15 month(s) ago) plz send dis ppt on my id.. aamir872006@gmail.com. i need it badly 4 my exam.. plz plz Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: ankitbajaj1987 (16 month(s) ago) sir plz send me this ppt it was exilent on my id ankitbajaj87@yahoo.com Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: ruchikitts (16 month(s) ago) hey dear.........i liked this ppt..........and it has got everything tht i need.............so plz can just send it on my id............ruchikitts@gmail.com........thnks Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: amitabissa (16 month(s) ago) Could you send me this ppt - my email id is amitabissa@yahoo.com Thanks Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close loading.... See all Premium member Presentation Transcript DIVIDEND THEORIES : DIVIDEND THEORIES By : PRIYA JAIN APPROACH : APPROACH OVERVIEW OF DIVIDEND DIFFERENT DIVIDEND THEORIES Slide 3: DIVIDEND OVERVIEW WHAT IS DIVIDEND ? : WHAT IS DIVIDEND ? Payments made to stockholders from the firm’s earnings, whether those earnings were generated in the current period or in previous periods. Portion of profit ( after tax ) distributed among owners/ shareholders of the firm. May be distributed in form of cash, scrip, property dividend or bonus shares. DIVIDEND DECISION : DIVIDEND DECISION One of the three basic decisions of a financial manager, the other two being investment decision and financing decision Decision as to whether the firm’s profits should be paid as dividend or retained and in what amount. Objective : Maximize wealth of shareholders, Increase the goodwill of the firm, Satisfy the obligations to shareholders. DIVIDEND PUZZLE : DIVIDEND PUZZLE PROFITS PAY-OUT PLOUGH- BACK Slide 7: DIVIDEND THEORIES TYPES OF THEORIES : TYPES OF THEORIES DIVIDEND THEORIES RELEVANCE THEORY IRRELEVANCE THEORY WALTER’S MODEL GORDON’S MODEL MODIGILANI AND MILLER MODEL RESIDUAL MODEL RELEVANCE THEORY : RELEVANCE THEORY Dividend policy is very essential for any business firm as it affects the overall value of the firm. Dividend policy is relevant & dividend decision form a very integral part of the investment & financing decision of the firm. Shareholders prefer current dividends & hence there is a direct relationships between the dividend policy & the market value of the firm. WALTER MODEL : WALTER MODEL Dividend policy affects the value of the firm. Together, the cost of capital ( k ) and rate of return ( r) determine the dividend policy that will maximize the shareholders wealth. VALUE OF THE FIRM DIVIDEND POLICY Rate of Return (r) Cost of Capital (k) WALTER MODEL -- assumptions : WALTER MODEL -- assumptions The firm finances all investment through retained earnings while debt and new equity is not used. Business risk remains constant i.e., r & k are also constant. The firm has infinite life. The firm either goes for a 100% pay-out or a 100% retention. WALTER MODEL -- decisions : WALTER MODEL -- decisions WALTER MODEL -- criticisms : WALTER MODEL -- criticisms It ignores the benefit of optimal capital structure. Assumption that ‘k’ remains constant does not hold good in practice. it ignores that market price is affected by many factors. GORDON’S MODEL : GORDON’S MODEL Dividend policy is relevant to the value of the company. Also known as the ‘bird in hand’ argument Dividend policy is relevant as the investors prefer current dividends as against the future uncertain capital gains. Investors discount the firm’s earnings at lower rate when they are certain about returns, placing a higher value for the share and that of the firm. GORDON’S MODEL -- assumptions : GORDON’S MODEL -- assumptions No external financing is available. The firm has infinite life. Investors are basically risk-averse. The growth rate of firm ‘g’ is the product of its retention ratio ‘b’ and its rate of return ‘r’, i.e., g = br. The cost of capital is constant and also more than growth rate, i.e., k > g Corporate tax does not exist. GORDON’S MODEL -- decisions : GORDON’S MODEL -- decisions If r > k >g :- company should distribute less dividend and retain high profit If r < k :- company should distribute more profits as dividend If r = k :- payout ratio is not affected by retention ratio. IRRELEVANCE THEORY : IRRELEVANCE THEORY Dividend policy is irrelevant to maximizing the shareholders wealth. Value of the firm is affected by the earning capacity of the firm i.e., the investment policy and not the dividend policy. Whether the firm retains its earnings or pays dividend, the market price of the share is indifferent towards it. MODIGILANI & MILLER MODEL : MODIGILANI & MILLER MODEL The value of the firm is not affected by the decision of pay-out or plough-back.. Firms’ dividend policy have no influence on the market price of the shares. Modigilani and Miller were two staunch supporters of the irrelevance concept. M-M MODEL -- assumptions : M-M MODEL -- assumptions Perfect capital market. There are no taxes. Investment policy is fixed. No flotation cost on issue of shares. Investors behave rationally. M-M MODEL - concept : M-M MODEL - concept Crux of MM position is arbitrage argument. Arbitrage is entering simultaneously in two transactions which balance each other. Between dividend and retention of earnings the investors would be indifferent due to balancing nature of internal financing and external financing. So, the firm is indifferent towards the dividend decision. M-M MODEL -- criticisms : M-M MODEL -- criticisms It is wrong to assume that there are no taxes, flotation costs do not exist and there is absence of transaction costs. There is perfect capital market condition is not always true. Slide 22: RESOURCES Financial management – I.M. PANDEY Financial management – KHAN & JAIN THE END : THE END You do not have the permission to view this presentation. In order to view it, please contact the author of the presentation.
dividend final priyajain786 Download Post to : URL : Related Presentations : Share Add to Flag Embed Email Send to Blogs and Networks Add to Channel Uploaded from authorPOINT lite Insert YouTube videos in PowerPont slides with aS Desktop Copy embed code: (To copy code, click on the text box) Embed: URL: Thumbnail: WordPress Embed Customize Embed The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites. Views: 2436 Category: Business & Fin.. License: All Rights Reserved Like it (11) Dislike it (0) Added: December 26, 2009 This Presentation is Public Favorites: 6 Presentation Description No description available. Comments Posting comment... By: siva2222 (11 month(s) ago) this presentation is verygood.if u dont mind can u fwd me. Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: aamir872010 (15 month(s) ago) plz send dis ppt on my id.. aamir872006@gmail.com. i need it badly 4 my exam.. plz plz Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: ankitbajaj1987 (16 month(s) ago) sir plz send me this ppt it was exilent on my id ankitbajaj87@yahoo.com Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: ruchikitts (16 month(s) ago) hey dear.........i liked this ppt..........and it has got everything tht i need.............so plz can just send it on my id............ruchikitts@gmail.com........thnks Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: amitabissa (16 month(s) ago) Could you send me this ppt - my email id is amitabissa@yahoo.com Thanks Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close loading.... See all Premium member Presentation Transcript DIVIDEND THEORIES : DIVIDEND THEORIES By : PRIYA JAIN APPROACH : APPROACH OVERVIEW OF DIVIDEND DIFFERENT DIVIDEND THEORIES Slide 3: DIVIDEND OVERVIEW WHAT IS DIVIDEND ? : WHAT IS DIVIDEND ? Payments made to stockholders from the firm’s earnings, whether those earnings were generated in the current period or in previous periods. Portion of profit ( after tax ) distributed among owners/ shareholders of the firm. May be distributed in form of cash, scrip, property dividend or bonus shares. DIVIDEND DECISION : DIVIDEND DECISION One of the three basic decisions of a financial manager, the other two being investment decision and financing decision Decision as to whether the firm’s profits should be paid as dividend or retained and in what amount. Objective : Maximize wealth of shareholders, Increase the goodwill of the firm, Satisfy the obligations to shareholders. DIVIDEND PUZZLE : DIVIDEND PUZZLE PROFITS PAY-OUT PLOUGH- BACK Slide 7: DIVIDEND THEORIES TYPES OF THEORIES : TYPES OF THEORIES DIVIDEND THEORIES RELEVANCE THEORY IRRELEVANCE THEORY WALTER’S MODEL GORDON’S MODEL MODIGILANI AND MILLER MODEL RESIDUAL MODEL RELEVANCE THEORY : RELEVANCE THEORY Dividend policy is very essential for any business firm as it affects the overall value of the firm. Dividend policy is relevant & dividend decision form a very integral part of the investment & financing decision of the firm. Shareholders prefer current dividends & hence there is a direct relationships between the dividend policy & the market value of the firm. WALTER MODEL : WALTER MODEL Dividend policy affects the value of the firm. Together, the cost of capital ( k ) and rate of return ( r) determine the dividend policy that will maximize the shareholders wealth. VALUE OF THE FIRM DIVIDEND POLICY Rate of Return (r) Cost of Capital (k) WALTER MODEL -- assumptions : WALTER MODEL -- assumptions The firm finances all investment through retained earnings while debt and new equity is not used. Business risk remains constant i.e., r & k are also constant. The firm has infinite life. The firm either goes for a 100% pay-out or a 100% retention. WALTER MODEL -- decisions : WALTER MODEL -- decisions WALTER MODEL -- criticisms : WALTER MODEL -- criticisms It ignores the benefit of optimal capital structure. Assumption that ‘k’ remains constant does not hold good in practice. it ignores that market price is affected by many factors. GORDON’S MODEL : GORDON’S MODEL Dividend policy is relevant to the value of the company. Also known as the ‘bird in hand’ argument Dividend policy is relevant as the investors prefer current dividends as against the future uncertain capital gains. Investors discount the firm’s earnings at lower rate when they are certain about returns, placing a higher value for the share and that of the firm. GORDON’S MODEL -- assumptions : GORDON’S MODEL -- assumptions No external financing is available. The firm has infinite life. Investors are basically risk-averse. The growth rate of firm ‘g’ is the product of its retention ratio ‘b’ and its rate of return ‘r’, i.e., g = br. The cost of capital is constant and also more than growth rate, i.e., k > g Corporate tax does not exist. GORDON’S MODEL -- decisions : GORDON’S MODEL -- decisions If r > k >g :- company should distribute less dividend and retain high profit If r < k :- company should distribute more profits as dividend If r = k :- payout ratio is not affected by retention ratio. IRRELEVANCE THEORY : IRRELEVANCE THEORY Dividend policy is irrelevant to maximizing the shareholders wealth. Value of the firm is affected by the earning capacity of the firm i.e., the investment policy and not the dividend policy. Whether the firm retains its earnings or pays dividend, the market price of the share is indifferent towards it. MODIGILANI & MILLER MODEL : MODIGILANI & MILLER MODEL The value of the firm is not affected by the decision of pay-out or plough-back.. Firms’ dividend policy have no influence on the market price of the shares. Modigilani and Miller were two staunch supporters of the irrelevance concept. M-M MODEL -- assumptions : M-M MODEL -- assumptions Perfect capital market. There are no taxes. Investment policy is fixed. No flotation cost on issue of shares. Investors behave rationally. M-M MODEL - concept : M-M MODEL - concept Crux of MM position is arbitrage argument. Arbitrage is entering simultaneously in two transactions which balance each other. Between dividend and retention of earnings the investors would be indifferent due to balancing nature of internal financing and external financing. So, the firm is indifferent towards the dividend decision. M-M MODEL -- criticisms : M-M MODEL -- criticisms It is wrong to assume that there are no taxes, flotation costs do not exist and there is absence of transaction costs. There is perfect capital market condition is not always true. Slide 22: RESOURCES Financial management – I.M. PANDEY Financial management – KHAN & JAIN THE END : THE END