Public Relations Origin and History

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Public Relations History and Origin

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Public relations has been with us for thousands of years. The Greeks had a word for it: sematikos: to signify, to mean. Sematikos means semantics, which can be defined as how to get people to believe things and do things.

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Public Relations in Global Scenario

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In 50 B.C. Julius Caesar wrote the first campaign biography, Caesar’s Gallic Wars. Publicizing his military exploits to convince the Roman people that he would make the best head of state. Significance today: Candidates for political office continue to publicize themselves with campaign biographies and accounts of military exploits today too. In 394 A.D., St. Augustine was a professor of rhetoric in Milan, delivering the regular eulogies (prophecies) to the emperor, he was the closest thing to a minister of propaganda for the imperial court. Thus, St. Augustine was one of the first people in charge of public relations. Significance today: The modern equivalent would be the President’s press secretary or communication director.

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Benjamin Franklin made it a rule to forbear all contradiction to others, and all positive assertions of his own. He would say, "I conceive” or "'I apprehend" or "I imagine” a thing to be so, or it appears to be so. Franklin pioneered the rules for “personal relations” in an era before mass media had made possible a profession called "public relations.” Significance today: What is the known PR job people accomplish these days? Persuasion or Image Building or Crisis Management.

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Edward L. Bernays may truly be called the father of Public Relations and Ivy L. Lee the first Public Relations Counselor. Edward L. Bernays along with Ivy Lee, in the early 1900s defined public relations as “a management function which tabulates public attitudes, defines the policies, procedures and interests of an organization… followed by executing a program of action to earn public understanding and acceptance."

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Tracing origin in USA The American Revolution(1767): The Boston Tea Party and the British Competency on press by law and norms The Civil War(1861-65): North vs. South America on issue of slavery and intensive use of public support World War I(1914-18): Persuasion of the mass for mobilization of resource, Bernays and Lee experience and exposure The Great Depression(1929-33): The change in Government and Industrial policies relating to the “laissez-faire”

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World War II(1939-45): Extensive use of PR and its tools for strengthening public support and mobilizing the mass International Public Relations Association(IPRA) : established in London on 1 May 1955 with the adoption of a Constitution and the appointment of the first IPRA Council

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Public Relations in context to India