logging in or signing up INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL LAW premsy Download Post to : URL : Related Presentations : Share Add to Flag Embed Email Send to Blogs and Networks Add to Channel Uploaded from authorPOINT lite Insert YouTube videos in PowerPont slides with aS Desktop Copy embed code: (To copy code, click on the text box) Embed: URL: Thumbnail: WordPress Embed Customize Embed The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites. Views: 2467 Category: Education License: All Rights Reserved Like it (3) Dislike it (0) Added: September 20, 2009 This Presentation is Public Favorites: 2 Presentation Description international laws dealing with environment protection are discussed briefly Comments Posting comment... By: gklaw (11 month(s) ago) good presentation I would be most grateful to be allowed to download Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: parvathygopalrs (20 month(s) ago) very good presentation on environmental laws Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: gitari (20 month(s) ago) Thank you for this information. I would be most grateful to be allowed to download. Gitari Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close Premium member Presentation Transcript International Environmental Law : International Environmental Law International Environmental Law : International Environmental Law IEL includes different types of Principles. They are : General Principles of law ( such as principle of good faith etc.); Principles of general international law (such as state sovereignty, duty to cooperate etc.); and Principles which only concern international environmental issues (such as duty to prevent environmental degradation, precautionary principle, polluter pays principle, etc.) The Fundamental Principles of International Environmental Law : The Fundamental Principles of International Environmental Law The fundamental principles are classified as : State sovereignty Co-operation Preservation and protection of the environment Prevention (Cont…) The Fundamental Principles of International Environmental Law (cont…..) : The Fundamental Principles of International Environmental Law (cont…..) 5. Precautionary principle 6. The polluter pays principle 7. Sustainable development 8. Intergenerational equity and Responsibility (cont…) The Fundamental Principles of International Environmental Law (contd…..) : The Fundamental Principles of International Environmental Law (contd…..) 9. Common but differentiated responsibilities 10. Information and assistance in environmental emergencies 11. Information and consultation in cross boundary relation 12. Rights of individuals: equality of access to procedures and non discrimination in environmental matters Multilateral Environmental Agreements – problems for Implementation : Multilateral Environmental Agreements – problems for Implementation Traditionally a state would only be responsible in international legal sense for damage caused where it could be clearly demonstrated that this resulted from its own unlawful activity. This has proved to be an inadequate framework for dealing with environmental issues for a variety of reasons, ranging from difficulties of proof to liability for lawful activities and the particular question of responsibility of non-state offenders. Accordingly the international community has slowly been moving away from the classic state responsibility approach to damage caused towards regime of international cooperation. Slide 7: International Legal Instruments International Instruments -- relating to Conservation of Biodiversity : International Instruments -- relating to Conservation of Biodiversity Flora and Fauna : International Convention for Protection of Birds, 1950 International Plant Protection Convention, 1951 Convention on Wetlands of International Importance especially as Waterfowl Habitat,1971 (RAMSAR Convention) Convention for Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage, 1972 Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) of Wild Fauna and Flora, 1973 (cont….) Slide 9: Flora and Fauna : 6. Agreement on Conservation of Polar Bears, 1973 7. Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (BONN Convention), 1979 8. Non Legally binding authoritative Statement of Principles for a Global Consensus on the Management, Conservation and Sustainable Development of types of Forests, 1982 9. World Charter for Nature, 1982 10. Protocol to amend the Convention on the Wetlands of International Importance especially as Waterfowl Habitats, 1982 11. Convention on Biological Diversity, (Contd……) International Instruments -- relating to Conservation of Biodiversity : International Instruments -- relating to Conservation of Biodiversity Deforestation: International Tropical Timber Agreement, 1983 International Tropical Timber Agreement. 1994 International Instruments -- relating to Conservation of Biodiversity : International Instruments -- relating to Conservation of Biodiversity Marine Resources: International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling, 1946 Agreement concerning interim arrangements relating to Poly metallic nodules of the Deep sea bed, 1982 UN Convention on the Law of the Sea, 1982 Agreement to promote compliance with International Conservation and Management measures by fishing vessels on the High Seas,1993 International Instruments -- relating to Conservation of Biodiversity : International Instruments -- relating to Conservation of Biodiversity Antarctica and its Resources The Antarctic Treaty, 1959 Agreed measures for Conservation of Antarctic Fauna and Flora, 1964 Convention for Conservation of Antarctic Seals, 1972 Convention on the Conservation on Antarctic Marine Living Resources, 1980 Convention on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty, 1991 International Instruments -- relating to prevention of pollution : International Instruments -- relating to prevention of pollution Trans-boundary Pollution Convention on long range trans-boundary Air Pollution, 1979 Protocol Concerning cooperation in combating pollution in cases of emergency, 1981 Basel Convention on the Control of trans-boundary movements of Hazardous wastes and their disposal, 1989 Bamako convention on the ban of the import into Africa and the control of trans-boundary movement and management of hazardous wastes within Africa, 1991 Convention on Environmental Impact Assessment in trans-boundary context, 1991 Convention on the trans-boundary effect of industrial accidents, 1992 International Instruments -- relating to prevention of pollution : International Instruments -- relating to prevention of pollution Marine Pollution: International Convention on Civil Liability for Oil Pollution Damage, 1969 Convention on Prevention of Marine Pollution by dumping of wastes and other Matter, 1972 Convention for prevention of marine pollution by dumping wastes from ships and aircrafts, 1972 (cont….) Marine Pollution (cont….) : Marine Pollution (cont….) 4. International Convention for the prevention of pollution ships, 1973 5. Protocol relating to the intervention on the High Seas in cases of pollution by substances other than oil, 1973 6. Convention for the Prevention of marine Pollution from land based sources, 1974 7. International Convention on oil pollution preparedness, response and cooperation,1990 International Instruments -- relating to prevention of pollution : International Instruments -- relating to prevention of pollution Ozone Depletion: Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer,1985 Protocol on substances that deplete the Ozone Layer (MONTREAL), 1987 Adjustment and Amendments to the Montreal Protocol on Substances that deplete the Ozone Layer,1990 Amendment to the Montreal Protocol on substances that deplete the Ozone Layer (Copenhagen), 1992 International Instruments -- relating to prevention of pollution : International Instruments -- relating to prevention of pollution Desertification: United Nations Conference on Desertification (UNCOD), Plan of Action to Combat Desertification and General Assembly Resolution, 1977 United Nations Convention to combat Desertification in those countries experiencing serious drought and/or desertification, particularly in Africa, 1994 International Instruments -- relating to prevention of pollution : International Instruments -- relating to prevention of pollution Climate Change : United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, 1992 Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, 1997 Important International Declarations : Important International Declarations United Nations General assembly Declaration on the permanent sovereignty over natural Resources, 1962 Stockholm Declaration of the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment, 1972 The Hague Declaration on the Environment, 1989 Rio Declaration of the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, 1992 Johannesburg Declaration of the World Summit on sustainable Development, 2002 Slide 20: Overview of Important International Conventions and Declarations Stockholm Declaration 1972 : Stockholm Declaration 1972 The UN Conference held at Stockholm from 5th to 16th June 1972 considered the need for common outlook and common principles to inspire and guide the peoples of the world in the preservation and enhancement of the human environment. The Conference has laid down 26 principles to be followed by the states for the preservation and improvement of the human environment. Stockholm Declaration 1972 (cont…) : Stockholm Declaration 1972 (cont…) Of them the most important are: 1. Man has the fundamental right to freedom, equality and adequate conditions of life in an environment of a quality that permits a life of dignity and well being; and he bears a solemn responsibility to protect and improve the environment for present and future generations. 2. The natural resources of the earth including air, water, land, flora and fauna must be safeguarded for the benefit of present and future generations through careful planning and management. After the UN Conference the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) was established. The UNEP has been responsible for the development of a number of International instruments like the 1985 Vienna Convention, the 1987 Montreal Protocol and the 1992 Convention on Biodiversity. Rio Declaration, 1992 : Rio Declaration, 1992 The Conference is popularly known as the Earth Summit The Rio Summit is considered an important milestone in establishing important linkages between environment and development and in defining the concept of sustainable development. The Summit held at Rio de Janeiro from 3rd to 14th June 1992 has proclaimed 27 principles. (cont…) Rio Declaration, 1992 (cont…) : Rio Declaration, 1992 (cont…) Some important principles of the Declaration: Human beings are entitled to a health and productive life in harmony with nature. States have the sovereign right to exploit their own resources and responsibility to ensure that activities within their own resources and responsibility to ensure that activities within their jurisdiction do not cause damage to the environment of other states. The right to development must be fulfilled so as to equitably meet developmental and environmental needs of present and future generations (doctrine of intergenerational equity) In order to achieve sustainable development, environmental protection shall constitute an integral part of the developmental process ( doctrine of Sustainable Development). Rio Declaration, 1992 (cont…) : Rio Declaration, 1992 (cont…) The objects of the Conference are: To establish a new and equitable global partnership through the creation of new levels of cooperation among states, key sectors of societies and people; To work towards international agreements to respect the interests of all and protect the integrity of the global environmental and developmental system; and To recognise the integral and interdependent nature of our Earth. AGENDA 21 : AGENDA 21 Agenda 21 is one of the instrument adopted at the Rio Conference It is a non binding instrument that presents a set of strategies and detailed programmes to halt and reverse the effects of environmental degradation and to promote environmentally sound and sustainable development in all countries. AGENDA 21 (cont…) : AGENDA 21 (cont…) There are four parts to Agenda 21 Socio - economic dimensions Conservation and Resource Management Strengthening the role of Non-governmental Organizations and other social groups Measures of Implementation AGENDA 21 (cont…) : AGENDA 21 (cont…) Specific aspects of environment addressed by Agenda 21 are: Protection of the atmosphere Planning and Management of Land Resources Deforestation Desertification and Drought Sustainable Mountain Development Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development Conservation of Biological Diversity AGENDA 21 (cont…) : AGENDA 21 (cont…) Specific aspects Management of Biotechnology Protection of Oceans, seas, coastal areas and protection, use and development of their living resources Protection of quality and supply of fresh water resources Management of toxic chemicals Management of hazardous wastes Management of solid and sewage wastes Management of radioactive wastes Convention on Biological Diverity,1992 : Convention on Biological Diverity,1992 CBD is one among the instruments adopted in the 1992 Rio Conference Objectives: Conservation of Biological Diversity Sustainable use of its components Fair and equitable sharing of the benefits arising out of the utilisation of genetic resources appropriate access to genetic resources appropriate transfer of relevant technologies Measures in CBD for conservation and sustainable use of Bio-diversity by the contracting state party : Measures in CBD for conservation and sustainable use of Bio-diversity by the contracting state party Develop national strategies, plans or programmes or adopt existing strategies for the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity. Integrate the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity into relevant sectoral or cross-sectoral, programmes and plans. Salient Features of CBD : Salient Features of CBD Identification and monitoring In-situ and ex-situ conservation Sustainable use of components of biological diversity Research and training Public education and awareness Impact assessment and minimising adverse impacts Access to genetic resources Access to and transfer of technology Exchange of information Technical and scientific cooperation Handling of biotechnology and distribution of its benefits Financial resources UN CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE, 1992 : UN CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE, 1992 CBD is one among the instruments adopted in the 1992 Rio Conference Objectives: 1. The ultimate object of the Convention is to achieve stabilization of green house gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system. 2. This also aims at achieving such a level within a timeframe sufficient to allow ecosystems to adapt naturally to climate change, to ensure that food production is not threatened and to enable economic development to proceed in a sustainable manner. UN CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE, 1992 : UN CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE, 1992 Principles: Art. 3 states that the contracting parties shall be guided by the following principles. Should protect the climate system for the benefit of the present and future generations of humankind Should take precautionary measures to anticipate, prevent or minimise the causes of climate change and mitigate its adverse effects. The state parties have a right to sustainable development and should promote sustainable development. The state parties should cooperate to promote a supportive and open economic system that would lead to sustainable economic growth and development in all states, particularly, developing country state parties, thus enabling them better to address the problems of climate change. KYOTO PROTOCOL TO THE CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE : KYOTO PROTOCOL TO THE CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE Obligations under the protocol: Implement further elaborate policies and measures in accordance with national policies. Cooperate with other parties and should take steps to share their experience and exchange information on such policies and measures. The state parties shall pursue limitation of reduction of emissions of greenhouse gases. The state parties shall strive to implement policies and measures under this article to minimise the adverse effects of climate change, international trade etc. THE JONNESBURG DECLARATION OF THE WORLD SUMMIT ON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, 2002 : THE JONNESBURG DECLARATION OF THE WORLD SUMMIT ON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, 2002 The world summit on sustainable development is a coordinated international effort to translate rhetoric into action for tackling poverty while sustaining environment. THE JONNESBURG DECLARATION(cont…) : THE JONNESBURG DECLARATION(cont…) Key outcomes of the summit The summit reaffirmed sustainable development as a central element of the international agenda and gave a new impetus to global action to fight poverty and protect the environment. The understanding of sustainable development was broadened and strengthened as a result of the Summit, particularly the important linkages between poverty, the environment and the use of natural resources. Energy and sanitation issues were critical elements of the negotiations and outcomes to a greater degree than in previous international meetings on sustainable development. The states parties committed to act together , united by a common determination to save our planet, promote human development and achieve universal prosperity and peace. THANK YOU : THANK YOU You do not have the permission to view this presentation. In order to view it, please contact the author of the presentation.
INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL LAW premsy Download Post to : URL : Related Presentations : Share Add to Flag Embed Email Send to Blogs and Networks Add to Channel Uploaded from authorPOINT lite Insert YouTube videos in PowerPont slides with aS Desktop Copy embed code: (To copy code, click on the text box) Embed: URL: Thumbnail: WordPress Embed Customize Embed The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites. Views: 2467 Category: Education License: All Rights Reserved Like it (3) Dislike it (0) Added: September 20, 2009 This Presentation is Public Favorites: 2 Presentation Description international laws dealing with environment protection are discussed briefly Comments Posting comment... By: gklaw (11 month(s) ago) good presentation I would be most grateful to be allowed to download Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: parvathygopalrs (20 month(s) ago) very good presentation on environmental laws Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: gitari (20 month(s) ago) Thank you for this information. I would be most grateful to be allowed to download. Gitari Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close Premium member Presentation Transcript International Environmental Law : International Environmental Law International Environmental Law : International Environmental Law IEL includes different types of Principles. They are : General Principles of law ( such as principle of good faith etc.); Principles of general international law (such as state sovereignty, duty to cooperate etc.); and Principles which only concern international environmental issues (such as duty to prevent environmental degradation, precautionary principle, polluter pays principle, etc.) The Fundamental Principles of International Environmental Law : The Fundamental Principles of International Environmental Law The fundamental principles are classified as : State sovereignty Co-operation Preservation and protection of the environment Prevention (Cont…) The Fundamental Principles of International Environmental Law (cont…..) : The Fundamental Principles of International Environmental Law (cont…..) 5. Precautionary principle 6. The polluter pays principle 7. Sustainable development 8. Intergenerational equity and Responsibility (cont…) The Fundamental Principles of International Environmental Law (contd…..) : The Fundamental Principles of International Environmental Law (contd…..) 9. Common but differentiated responsibilities 10. Information and assistance in environmental emergencies 11. Information and consultation in cross boundary relation 12. Rights of individuals: equality of access to procedures and non discrimination in environmental matters Multilateral Environmental Agreements – problems for Implementation : Multilateral Environmental Agreements – problems for Implementation Traditionally a state would only be responsible in international legal sense for damage caused where it could be clearly demonstrated that this resulted from its own unlawful activity. This has proved to be an inadequate framework for dealing with environmental issues for a variety of reasons, ranging from difficulties of proof to liability for lawful activities and the particular question of responsibility of non-state offenders. Accordingly the international community has slowly been moving away from the classic state responsibility approach to damage caused towards regime of international cooperation. Slide 7: International Legal Instruments International Instruments -- relating to Conservation of Biodiversity : International Instruments -- relating to Conservation of Biodiversity Flora and Fauna : International Convention for Protection of Birds, 1950 International Plant Protection Convention, 1951 Convention on Wetlands of International Importance especially as Waterfowl Habitat,1971 (RAMSAR Convention) Convention for Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage, 1972 Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) of Wild Fauna and Flora, 1973 (cont….) Slide 9: Flora and Fauna : 6. Agreement on Conservation of Polar Bears, 1973 7. Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (BONN Convention), 1979 8. Non Legally binding authoritative Statement of Principles for a Global Consensus on the Management, Conservation and Sustainable Development of types of Forests, 1982 9. World Charter for Nature, 1982 10. Protocol to amend the Convention on the Wetlands of International Importance especially as Waterfowl Habitats, 1982 11. Convention on Biological Diversity, (Contd……) International Instruments -- relating to Conservation of Biodiversity : International Instruments -- relating to Conservation of Biodiversity Deforestation: International Tropical Timber Agreement, 1983 International Tropical Timber Agreement. 1994 International Instruments -- relating to Conservation of Biodiversity : International Instruments -- relating to Conservation of Biodiversity Marine Resources: International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling, 1946 Agreement concerning interim arrangements relating to Poly metallic nodules of the Deep sea bed, 1982 UN Convention on the Law of the Sea, 1982 Agreement to promote compliance with International Conservation and Management measures by fishing vessels on the High Seas,1993 International Instruments -- relating to Conservation of Biodiversity : International Instruments -- relating to Conservation of Biodiversity Antarctica and its Resources The Antarctic Treaty, 1959 Agreed measures for Conservation of Antarctic Fauna and Flora, 1964 Convention for Conservation of Antarctic Seals, 1972 Convention on the Conservation on Antarctic Marine Living Resources, 1980 Convention on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty, 1991 International Instruments -- relating to prevention of pollution : International Instruments -- relating to prevention of pollution Trans-boundary Pollution Convention on long range trans-boundary Air Pollution, 1979 Protocol Concerning cooperation in combating pollution in cases of emergency, 1981 Basel Convention on the Control of trans-boundary movements of Hazardous wastes and their disposal, 1989 Bamako convention on the ban of the import into Africa and the control of trans-boundary movement and management of hazardous wastes within Africa, 1991 Convention on Environmental Impact Assessment in trans-boundary context, 1991 Convention on the trans-boundary effect of industrial accidents, 1992 International Instruments -- relating to prevention of pollution : International Instruments -- relating to prevention of pollution Marine Pollution: International Convention on Civil Liability for Oil Pollution Damage, 1969 Convention on Prevention of Marine Pollution by dumping of wastes and other Matter, 1972 Convention for prevention of marine pollution by dumping wastes from ships and aircrafts, 1972 (cont….) Marine Pollution (cont….) : Marine Pollution (cont….) 4. International Convention for the prevention of pollution ships, 1973 5. Protocol relating to the intervention on the High Seas in cases of pollution by substances other than oil, 1973 6. Convention for the Prevention of marine Pollution from land based sources, 1974 7. International Convention on oil pollution preparedness, response and cooperation,1990 International Instruments -- relating to prevention of pollution : International Instruments -- relating to prevention of pollution Ozone Depletion: Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer,1985 Protocol on substances that deplete the Ozone Layer (MONTREAL), 1987 Adjustment and Amendments to the Montreal Protocol on Substances that deplete the Ozone Layer,1990 Amendment to the Montreal Protocol on substances that deplete the Ozone Layer (Copenhagen), 1992 International Instruments -- relating to prevention of pollution : International Instruments -- relating to prevention of pollution Desertification: United Nations Conference on Desertification (UNCOD), Plan of Action to Combat Desertification and General Assembly Resolution, 1977 United Nations Convention to combat Desertification in those countries experiencing serious drought and/or desertification, particularly in Africa, 1994 International Instruments -- relating to prevention of pollution : International Instruments -- relating to prevention of pollution Climate Change : United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, 1992 Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, 1997 Important International Declarations : Important International Declarations United Nations General assembly Declaration on the permanent sovereignty over natural Resources, 1962 Stockholm Declaration of the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment, 1972 The Hague Declaration on the Environment, 1989 Rio Declaration of the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, 1992 Johannesburg Declaration of the World Summit on sustainable Development, 2002 Slide 20: Overview of Important International Conventions and Declarations Stockholm Declaration 1972 : Stockholm Declaration 1972 The UN Conference held at Stockholm from 5th to 16th June 1972 considered the need for common outlook and common principles to inspire and guide the peoples of the world in the preservation and enhancement of the human environment. The Conference has laid down 26 principles to be followed by the states for the preservation and improvement of the human environment. Stockholm Declaration 1972 (cont…) : Stockholm Declaration 1972 (cont…) Of them the most important are: 1. Man has the fundamental right to freedom, equality and adequate conditions of life in an environment of a quality that permits a life of dignity and well being; and he bears a solemn responsibility to protect and improve the environment for present and future generations. 2. The natural resources of the earth including air, water, land, flora and fauna must be safeguarded for the benefit of present and future generations through careful planning and management. After the UN Conference the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) was established. The UNEP has been responsible for the development of a number of International instruments like the 1985 Vienna Convention, the 1987 Montreal Protocol and the 1992 Convention on Biodiversity. Rio Declaration, 1992 : Rio Declaration, 1992 The Conference is popularly known as the Earth Summit The Rio Summit is considered an important milestone in establishing important linkages between environment and development and in defining the concept of sustainable development. The Summit held at Rio de Janeiro from 3rd to 14th June 1992 has proclaimed 27 principles. (cont…) Rio Declaration, 1992 (cont…) : Rio Declaration, 1992 (cont…) Some important principles of the Declaration: Human beings are entitled to a health and productive life in harmony with nature. States have the sovereign right to exploit their own resources and responsibility to ensure that activities within their own resources and responsibility to ensure that activities within their jurisdiction do not cause damage to the environment of other states. The right to development must be fulfilled so as to equitably meet developmental and environmental needs of present and future generations (doctrine of intergenerational equity) In order to achieve sustainable development, environmental protection shall constitute an integral part of the developmental process ( doctrine of Sustainable Development). Rio Declaration, 1992 (cont…) : Rio Declaration, 1992 (cont…) The objects of the Conference are: To establish a new and equitable global partnership through the creation of new levels of cooperation among states, key sectors of societies and people; To work towards international agreements to respect the interests of all and protect the integrity of the global environmental and developmental system; and To recognise the integral and interdependent nature of our Earth. AGENDA 21 : AGENDA 21 Agenda 21 is one of the instrument adopted at the Rio Conference It is a non binding instrument that presents a set of strategies and detailed programmes to halt and reverse the effects of environmental degradation and to promote environmentally sound and sustainable development in all countries. AGENDA 21 (cont…) : AGENDA 21 (cont…) There are four parts to Agenda 21 Socio - economic dimensions Conservation and Resource Management Strengthening the role of Non-governmental Organizations and other social groups Measures of Implementation AGENDA 21 (cont…) : AGENDA 21 (cont…) Specific aspects of environment addressed by Agenda 21 are: Protection of the atmosphere Planning and Management of Land Resources Deforestation Desertification and Drought Sustainable Mountain Development Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development Conservation of Biological Diversity AGENDA 21 (cont…) : AGENDA 21 (cont…) Specific aspects Management of Biotechnology Protection of Oceans, seas, coastal areas and protection, use and development of their living resources Protection of quality and supply of fresh water resources Management of toxic chemicals Management of hazardous wastes Management of solid and sewage wastes Management of radioactive wastes Convention on Biological Diverity,1992 : Convention on Biological Diverity,1992 CBD is one among the instruments adopted in the 1992 Rio Conference Objectives: Conservation of Biological Diversity Sustainable use of its components Fair and equitable sharing of the benefits arising out of the utilisation of genetic resources appropriate access to genetic resources appropriate transfer of relevant technologies Measures in CBD for conservation and sustainable use of Bio-diversity by the contracting state party : Measures in CBD for conservation and sustainable use of Bio-diversity by the contracting state party Develop national strategies, plans or programmes or adopt existing strategies for the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity. Integrate the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity into relevant sectoral or cross-sectoral, programmes and plans. Salient Features of CBD : Salient Features of CBD Identification and monitoring In-situ and ex-situ conservation Sustainable use of components of biological diversity Research and training Public education and awareness Impact assessment and minimising adverse impacts Access to genetic resources Access to and transfer of technology Exchange of information Technical and scientific cooperation Handling of biotechnology and distribution of its benefits Financial resources UN CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE, 1992 : UN CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE, 1992 CBD is one among the instruments adopted in the 1992 Rio Conference Objectives: 1. The ultimate object of the Convention is to achieve stabilization of green house gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system. 2. This also aims at achieving such a level within a timeframe sufficient to allow ecosystems to adapt naturally to climate change, to ensure that food production is not threatened and to enable economic development to proceed in a sustainable manner. UN CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE, 1992 : UN CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE, 1992 Principles: Art. 3 states that the contracting parties shall be guided by the following principles. Should protect the climate system for the benefit of the present and future generations of humankind Should take precautionary measures to anticipate, prevent or minimise the causes of climate change and mitigate its adverse effects. The state parties have a right to sustainable development and should promote sustainable development. The state parties should cooperate to promote a supportive and open economic system that would lead to sustainable economic growth and development in all states, particularly, developing country state parties, thus enabling them better to address the problems of climate change. KYOTO PROTOCOL TO THE CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE : KYOTO PROTOCOL TO THE CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE Obligations under the protocol: Implement further elaborate policies and measures in accordance with national policies. Cooperate with other parties and should take steps to share their experience and exchange information on such policies and measures. The state parties shall pursue limitation of reduction of emissions of greenhouse gases. The state parties shall strive to implement policies and measures under this article to minimise the adverse effects of climate change, international trade etc. THE JONNESBURG DECLARATION OF THE WORLD SUMMIT ON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, 2002 : THE JONNESBURG DECLARATION OF THE WORLD SUMMIT ON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, 2002 The world summit on sustainable development is a coordinated international effort to translate rhetoric into action for tackling poverty while sustaining environment. THE JONNESBURG DECLARATION(cont…) : THE JONNESBURG DECLARATION(cont…) Key outcomes of the summit The summit reaffirmed sustainable development as a central element of the international agenda and gave a new impetus to global action to fight poverty and protect the environment. The understanding of sustainable development was broadened and strengthened as a result of the Summit, particularly the important linkages between poverty, the environment and the use of natural resources. Energy and sanitation issues were critical elements of the negotiations and outcomes to a greater degree than in previous international meetings on sustainable development. The states parties committed to act together , united by a common determination to save our planet, promote human development and achieve universal prosperity and peace. THANK YOU : THANK YOU