fuel cell

: 

FUEL CELL

Overview : 

Overview Introduction Working of fuel cell Fuel cell in INDIA Application Advantages Limitation

INTRODUCTION : 

INTRODUCTION Fuel cells are power-generating devices having a wide range of applications including stationary power generation (MW), portable power generation (kW) and transportation (kW). The chemical energy of a fuel is converted to electricity by electrochemical means. Figure shows the schematic of a fuel cell. The fuel, typically hydrogen, is sent to the anode and oxygen from air is sent to the cathode. The electrons generated at the anode due to dissociation of hydrogen pass through an external circuit to the cathode, thereby generating electricity. At the cathode, the hydrogen ion, electron, and oxygen react to form water. Several such cells are stacked in series to get the required power output.

# WORKING # : 

# WORKING # What is fuel cell ? How it is work ? In principle, a fuel cell operates like a battery. Unlike a battery, a fuel cell does not run down or require recharging. It will produce energy in the form of electricity and heat as long as fuel is supplied. A fuel cell consists of two electrodes sandwiched around an electrolyte. Oxygen passes over one electrode and hydrogen over the other, generating electricity, water and heat. Hydrogen fuel is fed into the "anode" of the fuel cell. Oxygen (or air) enters the fuel cell through the cathode. Encouraged by a catalyst, the hydrogen atom splits into a proton and an electron, which take different paths to the cathode. The proton passes through the electrolyte. The electrons create a separate current that can be utilized before they return to the cathode, to be reunited with the hydrogen and oxygen in a molecule of water. A fuel cell system which includes a "fuel reformer" can utilize the hydrogen from any hydrocarbon fuel - from natural gas to methanol, and even gasoline.

DIAGRAM OF FUEL CELL : 

DIAGRAM OF FUEL CELL

# TYPES OF FUEL CELL # : 

# TYPES OF FUEL CELL # Phosphoric Acid Proton Exchange Membrane Molten Carbonate Solid Oxide Alkaline Direct Methanol Regenerative Zinc Air Protonic Ceramic Microbial Fuel Cell

Slide 8: 

# TYPES OF FUEL CELL (on temp) # Temp.°C Application Alkaline (AFC) 70-90 Space Phosphoric Acid 150-210 Commercially available (PAFC) Solid Polymer 70-90 Automotive application (PEMFC) Molten Carbonate 550-650 Power generation (MCFC) Solid Oxide 1000-1100 Power generation (SOFC) Direct Methanol 70-90 Under development (DMFC)

MANUFACTURE IN WORLD : 

MANUFACTURE IN WORLD INDIA CHINA SOUTH AFRICA EGYPT CANADA AMERICA GERMANY NETHERLAND JAPAN

APPLICATION : 

APPLICATION WASTE WATER TRETMENT PLANT &LANDFILL CELLULAR PHONE, LAPTOP COMPUTERS HOSPITAL, CREDIT CARD CENTER, POLICE STATION BUSES, CAR, PLANES,BOATS,FORK LIFT,TRAINS VACCUME CLEANER TELECOMMUNATION, MP3 PLAYERS

APPLICATION : 

APPLICATION MP3 PLAYER TELECOMMU--NATION

APPLICATION : 

APPLICATION CAR BUS SCOOTERS

APPLICATION : 

APPLICATION TRAINS PLANES BOATS

# The Indian Space Research Organization said it has developed hydrogen fuel cells using the technology perfected during its recent mission to the moon. : 

FUEL CELL IN HYBRIDE VEHICALS # In India, development of fuel cells is primarily supported by the MNES (Ministry of NoIn-conventional Energy Sources). Several universities and research organizations are involved in the areas of fuel cells, reformers,and hydrogen storage. # In the system developed by the Indian Space Research Center, the fuel cells are expected to produce 80 kilowatts of electric power, using hydrogen from eight high-pressure bottles stored on top of the bus. # The central government has said it wants to have 1 million hydrogen-fueled vehicles on the road by 2020 # The Indian Space Research Organization said it has developed hydrogen fuel cells using the technology perfected during its recent mission to the moon.

Slide 15: 

HYBRIDE VEHICALS & AUTOMOBI LE FUTURE Hybrid vehicles have been contributing to a cleaner environment since 1997. Finally, hydrogen-powered fuel cells, which emit only clean water and electricity, may become the ultimate power source of the 21st century. The ultimate eco fuel will combine high efficiency with minimal environmental impact. It must be available in sufficient quantities, and it must be possible to harness and refine economically. Fuel cell technology is becoming increasingly popular in power generation and automotive applications. Advantages include zero emissions and high efficiency. The most common fuel used in a fuel cell is hydrogen Fuel cell cars with I.C. can be operated on the basis of hydrogen or liquid fuels such as diesel, gasoline or methanol. Methanol, for example, can be converted into hydrogen at reaction temperatures between 250° C and 300° C in the steam reforming process in a fixed-bed reactor on a Cu/ZnO catalyst.

ADVANTAGES : 

ADVANTAGES Higher efficiency than conventional engines. Excellent part load characteristics. Zero emission. Long operating period between failures. No rotating parts in the main hard ware components. Negligible noise pollution.

LIMITATION : 

LIMITATION Higher initial cost. Fuel storage problem. Less Refueling station.

Slide 18: 

Represented By :- PRAVIN B. MANE. ABHIJEET R. KADAM. Thank you …