environmental monitoring of chwtsdf 2011

Environmental Monitoring of CHWTSDF: 

Environmental Monitoring of CHWTSD F Pravin M Jadhav. Cell: +91 9930928576 praveenmjadhav@gmail.com, pravinmjadhav@ramky.com

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SOIL BIOLOGICAL GROUND WATER AMBIENT AIR SURFACE WATER Flue Gas / Landfill Gas LEACHATE environmental monitoring CHWTSDF pravinmjadhav@ramky.com RAMKY GROUP

What is Environmental Monitoring?: 

What is Environmental Monitoring? E. S. A. R. Environmental Sampling, Analysis and Reporting

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A sampling plan is a detailed outline of which measurements will be taken at what time, on which material, in what manner, and by whom. Sampling plans should be designed in such a way that the resulting data will contain a representative sample of the parameters of interest and allow for all questions, as stated in the goals, to be answered. 26th August 2011 Pravin M Jadhav Envi Moni CHWTSDF Sampling Plan

Environmental Monitoring Plan: 

Environmental Monitoring Plan Environmental Monitoring Plan (EMP) explains the rationale and design criteria for the environmental monitoring program, extent and frequency of monitoring and measurements, procedures for laboratory analyses, quality assurance (QA) requirements, program implementation procedures, and direction for the preparation disposition of reports. 26th August 2011 Pravin M Jadhav Envi Moni CHWTSDF

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EMP provides a description of other environmental conditions at CHWTSDF A description of the CHWTSDF Project and its mission. A description of the local environment. An overview of the methodology used to assess Hazardous Waste consequences to the public. 26th August 2011 Pravin M Jadhav Envi Moni CHWTSDF

Need for Environmental Monitoring: 

Need for Environmental Monitoring Verify and support compliance with applicable Central & State environmental laws, regulations, permits, authorisation, consent to operate, protocols and orders. Establish baselines and characterize trends in the physical, chemical, and biological condition of environmental media / matrix. Identify potential environmental problems and evaluate the need for remedial actions or measures to mitigate the problems. Detect, characterize, and report unplanned releases. Evaluate the effectiveness of flue gas from incinerator & leachate treatment and control, and pollution abatement programs. Determine compliance with commitments made in environmental impact statements, Form V - environmental statements, assessments EMS-ISO:14001, safety analysis reports, or other official documents or for due diligence. 26th August 2011 Pravin M Jadhav Envi Moni CHWTSDF

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ADMIN & LAB LANDFILL INCINERATOR STORAGE SHED TREATMENT SHED STORAGE SHED BMWTSDF LEACHATE

CHWTSDF Envi. Monitoring : 

Monitoring results help to judge the success of mitigation measures in protecting the environment. They are also used A monitoring program, backed up by powers to ensure corrective action when the monitoring results show it necessary, is a proven way to ensure effective implementation of mitigation measures. By tracking a project’s actual impacts, monitoring reduces the environmental risks associated with that project, and allows for project modifications to be made where required. CHWTSDF Envi . Monitoring Environmental monitoring provides feedback about the actual environmental impacts of a project. to ensure compliance with environmental standards, and to facilitate any needed project design or operational changes. .

Aim : 

including air, water, soil and noise at TSDF and to study the effect of disposal activity of hazardous waste. Of Environmental Monitoring Aim

OBJECTIVES: 

To establish a baseline; that is, gathering information on the basic site characteristics prior to Development or to establish current conditions; To estimate inherent variation within the environment, which can be compared with the variation observed in another specific area; To make comparisons between different situations (for example, pre-development and post development; upstream and downstream; at different distances from a source) to detect changes; and To make comparisons against a standard or target level. Of Environmental Monitoring OBJECTIVES

SITE CHARACTERISTICS: 

SITE CHARACTERISTICS Geography Geology Climate Hydrology Ecology 26th August 2011 Pravin M Jadhav Envi Moni CHWTSDF

Sampling Plan: 

Sampling Plan Identifying Parameters, Ranges and Resolution. Choosing a Sampling Scheme Selecting Sample Sizes Data Storage and Retrieval Assign Roles and Responsibilities 26th August 2011 Pravin M Jadhav Envi Moni CHWTSDF

Collection, Preservation & Handling Environmental Samples: 

Objective of sampling is to collect a portion of material that represents the actual sample composition. The quality of data depends upon following activities. Formulating the particular objectives for sampling program Collecting representative samples Proper sample handling & preservation Adhering to adequate chain of custody and sample identification Participating quality assurance and quality control in the field Proper analysis of the sample. General Considerations in Sampling Collection, Preservation & Handling Environmental Samples

Collection, Preservation & Handling Environmental Samples: 

Project Scope & Purpose. Planning Permitting Compliance Enforcement Design Research & Development Objectives of Sampling Program Collection, Preservation & Handling Environmental Samples

Collection, Preservation & Handling Environmental Samples: 

Site Identification, Map for Sampling location Sample Source Number of Samples Duration of the survey Frequency of the samples Type of the samples Method of sampling Analytical parameters with Method & references Field measurements Sample Collector Sampling Program Collection, Preservation & Handling Environmental Samples

Collection, Preservation & Handling Environmental Samples: 

Grab Samples Composite Samples Duplicates Split Samples Types of Samples Collection, Preservation & Handling Environmental Samples

Collection, Preservation & Handling Environmental Samples: 

Least to most contaminated sampling locations within the sites. PPEs Compositing / Mixing samples SOPs General Sampling Rules Collection, Preservation & Handling Environmental Samples

Collection, Preservation & Handling Environmental Samples: 

Sampling events documented & equipped with a Chain of Custody form. Records of Field conditions, type of sample collector etc. Sample Label Field Sample Custody, Field Records Collection, Preservation & Handling Environmental Samples

Collection, Preservation & Handling Environmental Samples: 

pH Temperature Dissolved Oxygen Conductivity Field Tests Collection, Preservation & Handling Environmental Samples

AMBIENT AIR QUALITY: 

AMBIENT AIR QUALITY

Ambient Air Quality Monitoring: : 

Ambient Air Quality Monitoring: Number of Monitoring Stations: Three (Minimum) AAQM Station One at upwind, & Two at downwind at 120 0 angle around the TSDF. The locations of air quality monitoring stations depend on the stack height and location of any particular ecologically sensitive feature around the disposal facility. Location of air quality monitoring stations may be decided by the operator of the TSDF in consultation with SPCB/PCC. 26th August 2011 Pravin M Jadhav Envi Moni CHWTSDF

Ambient Air Quality Monitoring: : 

Ambient Air Quality Monitoring: Additional Parameters to be monitored: Apart from the standard parameters stipulated under the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS), additional parameters, namely, Total Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH), to align the monitoring Programme with the potential impacts of TSDF operations, should be monitored. 26th August 2011 Pravin M Jadhav Envi Moni CHWTSDF

Ambient Air Quality Monitoring: : 

Ambient Air Quality Monitoring: Frequency of Ambient Air Quality Monitoring: ( i ). Parameters, namely, RSPM <10µ, & Dust<2.5µ NOx and SOx should be continued to be monitored as per NAAQS criteria (minimum of 104 measurements in a year taken twice a week, 24 hourly). ( ii). In addition, VOCs (total), and PAH should be monitored at least twice in a year (pre-monsoon and post-monsoon). 26th August 2011 Pravin M Jadhav Envi Moni CHWTSDF

NAAQS – National Ambient Air Quality Stds.: 

NAAQS – National Ambient Air Quality Stds. NAAQS Parameters Manual Monitoring Automatic / Online Monitoring SO 2 NO 2 PM 10 PM 2.5 O 3 NH 3 Benzene BaP Ni As Pb SO 2 NO 2 PM 10 PM 2.5 O 3 NH 3 Benzene Gravimetric PM 10 & PM 2.5 Sample Processing & Chem Analysis Benzne , B(a)P, Ni, Pb , As (in Particulate Matter 10micron) Wet Chemical Methods SO 2 , NO 2 , O 3 , NH 3 Well Established monitoring laboratory infrastructure, trained manpower, well established guidelines, manual data generation & dissemination etc. Sophisticated Analysers , QA/QC, Instant Data generation, on line data disseminations, air quality index, early warning system, modeling, forecasting etc.

NAAQS – National Ambient Air Quality Methods.: 

NAAQS – National Ambient Air Quality Methods. Manual Monitoring Automatic / Online Monitoring SO 2 NO 2 PM 10 PM 2.5 O 3 NH 3 Benzene BaP Ni As Pb Improved West & Geake Method Modified Jacob & Honchheise Method Chemical Buffered KI Method Indo Phenol Blue Method Gravimetric Method Adsorption – desorption fed by GC FID AAS /ICP EPM 2000 Solvent Extraction fed by GC FID UV flurorescenes Chemiluminescence UV Photmetric, Chemiluminiescenece Chemiluminescence TEOM, beta Attenuation GC Based Continuous Analyser TEOM Beta Attenuation. CO Non Dispersive Infrared Spectroscopy

SO2.: 

Spectrophotometry (pararosanilne method) Air sample  potassium tetrachloromercurate solution  HgCl 2 SO 3 -2  react with HCHO and colorless pararosaniline hydrochloride  red-violet product  measured spectrophotometrically  SO 2 concentration 560nm wavelength FT- IR Spectrometry (Absorption of IR by SO 2 in the air  SO 2 concentration) SO 2 .

SO2: 

SO2 UV Fluorescence 1) UV light excites SO 2 to a higher energy state SO 2 + hv 1  SO 2 * 2) Decay of the excited SO 2 *, emitting a characteristic radiation SO 2 *  SO 2 + hv 2

NO – NO2 - NOx: 

NO – NO 2 - NOx Gas-Phase Chemiluminescence Chemiluminescence: emission of light from electronically excited chemical species formed in chemical reactions. NO + O 3  NO 2 * + O 2 NO 2 *  NO 2 + hv Measurement of NO 2 : conversion of NO 2 to NO, and subsequent measurement by chemiluminescence. 2NO 2 + Mo  3 NO + MoO 3 Possible interference: N-containing compounds  higher measured NO 2 FT- IR Spectrometry Hydrogen Peroxide + Sulfanilamid + NEDA = Pinkish – Spectrophotometric 540nm

CO: 

CO Nondispersive Infrared (NDIR) spectrometry CO strongly absorbs infrared energy at certain wavelengths. Detection device: two cylindrical cells, a sample and a reference cell. Difference in infrared energy in the two cells  concentration of CO Sample Cell Reference Cell CO ~ IR ~ Detection

O3: 

O 3 Chemiluminescence Light emissions produced on reaction of O 3 with ethylene (C 2 H 4 ). C 2 H 4 flammable – replaced by Rhodamine B dye embedded in a disk Rhodamine B does not attain a stable baseline rapidly after exposure to O 3 UV Photometry Acidifying reagent (KI) Bubble formation- Absorption of UV light (254 nm) by O 3 and subsequent use of photometry to measure the reduction of UV energy O 3 UV light (352 nm) Detector O 3

Guidelines: 

The no. of sampling sites depends on Size of the area to be covered The variability of pollutant concentration over the area to be covered The data requirements, which are related to the monitoring Pollutant to be monitored and Ambient Air Monitoring Guidelines Population figures which can be used as indicators of criticality both from view of likely air quality deterioration as also health implications.

National Ambient Air Quality Standards : 

National Ambient Air Quality Standards S. No. Pollutant Time Weighted Average Concentration in Ambient Air Industrial , residential, rural and other area Ecological sensitive area (Notify by Central Govt.) Methods of Measurement (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) 1 Sulphur Dioxide Annual* 50 20 Improved West & Gaeke Method SO 2 µg/m 3 24 hrs** 80 80 Ultraviolet Fluorescence 2 Nitrogen Dioxide Annual* 40 30 Modified Jacob & Hochheiser (Na – Arsenic) NO 2 µg/m 3 24 hrs** 80 80 Chemiluminescence 3 Particulate Matter Annual* 60 60 Gravimetric Size Less than 10 µm Or PM 10 µg/m 3 24 hrs** 100 100 TOEM Beta Attenuation 4 Particulate Matter Annual* 40 40 Gravimetric Size Less Than 2.5µm Or PM 2.5 µg/m 3 24 hrs** 60 60 TOEM Beta Attenuation 5 Ozone O 2 µg/m 3 8 Hour** 100 100 UV Photometric 1 Hour** 180 180 Chemiluminescene Chemical Method

National Ambient Air Quality Standards : 

National Ambient Air Quality Standards S. No. Pollutant Time Weighted Average Concentration in Ambient Air Industrial , residential, rural and other area Ecological sensitive area (Notify by Central Govt.) Methods of Measurement (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) 6 Lead Pb µg/m 3 Annual* 0.50 0.50 AAS / ICp method after sampling on EPM 2000 or equivalent filter paper 24 Hours** 1.0 1.0 ED XRF using Teflon Filter 7 Carbon Monoxide CO µg/m 3 8 Hours** 02 02 Non Dispersive Infra Red (NDIR) 1 Hour** 04 04 Spectroscopy 8 Ammonia NH3 µg/m 3 Annual* 100 100 Chemiluminescence 24 Hours** 400 400 Indophenol Blue Method 9 Benzene (C 6 H 6 ) µg/m 3 Annual* 05 05 Gas Chromatography based Continuous Analyser Adsorption and desorption followed by GC analysis

National Ambient Air Quality Standards : 

National Ambient Air Quality Standards S. No. Pollutant Time Weighted Average Concentration in Ambient Air Industrial , residential, rural and other area Ecological sensitive area (Notify by Central Govt.) Methods of Measurement (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) 10 Benzo (α) Pyrene ( BaP ) Particulate Phase only ng /M 3 Annual* 01 01 Solvent Extraction followed by HPLC / GC analysis 11 Arsenic As ng /m 3 Annual* 06 06 AAS / ICP method after sampling on EPM 2000 or equivalent filter paper ­ 12 Nickel Ni ng /m 3 Annual* 20 20 AAS / ICP method after sampling on EPM 2000 or equivalent filter paper

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70 µm Hair Cross Section 10 µm 2.5 µm PM 2.5

Aerosol Characteristics: 

Aerosol – small solid or liquid particles suspended in gas Aerosol Characteristics Dust from nature, wind, human activity (pollen, road dust fly ash) Fog from heating/cooling (clouds and fog) Mist from atomization and nebulizer (sulfuric acid mist) Spray from ultrasonics (insecticide spray) Smoke from combustion or flame (cigarette, soot, diesel) Smog from photochemicals (Urban Smog)

Monitoring Stations: 

In general the following requirement may be met for sitting the monitoring station. ( i ) Height of the inlet must be 3 – 10 m above the ground level. (ii) The sampler must be more than 20 m away from trees . (iii) Distance of the sampler to any air flow obstacle i.e. buildings, must be more than two times the height of the obstacl e above the sampler. (iv) There should be unrestricted airflow in three of four quadrants (v) There should be no nearby furnace or incinerator fumes. Ambient Air Monitoring Monitoring Stations

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AIR MONITORING LOCATIONS AMB 02 AMB 01 AMB 03 LOCATION FOR AMBIENT AIR MONITORING

FLUE GAS MONITORING Landfill Vent Gas: 

FLUE GAS MONITORING Landfill Vent Gas

Monitoring of Stack Gaseous Emission from Incinerator: : 

Monitoring of Stack Gaseous Emission from Incinerator: Parameters to be monitored and the frequency: Carryout quarterly monitoring of the stack gaseous emission for the parameters as stipulated under the gaseous emission norms notified under the Environment (Protection) Fifth Amendment Rules, 2008 dated 26 June 2008. However, SO 2 , NO x , HCl and CO to be monitored continuously using on-line monitoring system. 26th August 2011 Pravin M Jadhav Envi Moni CHWTSDF

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HzW Stack Monitoring pravinmjadhav@ramky.com

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Heated Probe Gaseous Train

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Flue Gas HzW Incinerator HCL – Titrmetric method Potassium Dichromate & Silver Nitrate – Yellow to Orange Sox – IPA+ Thorin Indicator Titrate with Barium chloride – orange to Pinkish Nox – Phenoldisulphonic acid + H2SO4 + NH4OH Spectro 410nm TPM – Gravimetric Method Metals like Cd, Th, Hg, Sb, As, Pb, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, V = PM – AAS CO- Quintox Gas Analyser TOC – HF – Total Dioxin n Furans –

Monitoring of the Vent Gases attached with the capped SLF: : 

Monitoring of the Vent Gases attached with the capped SLF: Parameters: total VOCs and H2S should be monitored at least once in a month through the vents of the capped cells till designed life span of the TSDF . 26th August 2011 Pravin M Jadhav Envi Moni CHWTSDF

GROUND WATER MONITORING: 

GROUND WATER MONITORING

Ground Water Monitoring: : 

Ground Water Monitoring: It is recommended to monitor ground water characteristics at least once in a quarter till designed life span of the TSDF 26th August 2011 Pravin M Jadhav Envi Moni CHWTSDF

Ground Water Monitoring: 

Ground Water Monitoring Sampling Locations: at least up to a distance of 5 KM from the TSDF location. If no open wells or tube wells are available, action needs to be taken to provide at least four monitoring wells ( piezometric ) around the TSDF one on up gradient of the ground water flow and other three on the down gradient side of the ground water flow at least up to first layer aquifer. Depending upon the situation, if required, the monitoring wells till second aquifer should also be extended in consultation with the SPCB/PCC. 26th August 2011 Pravin M Jadhav Envi Moni CHWTSDF

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BH 3 BH 6 BH 4 BH 10 BH 7 BH 8 BH 9 BH 10 : 30 m Behind Landfill BH 3 : 10 m Near BMW Facility BH 4 : 30 m Front of Landfill BH 7 : 30 m Near Tyre Wash BH 8 : 30 m West side of facility BH 9 : 30 m Behind Landfill 2 nd Cell BH 6 : 30 m Near DG Set BH 5 BH 5 : 30 m Near Road Side Monitoring Boreholes LOCATIONS

Ground Water Monitoring: : 

Ground Water Monitoring: Parameters to be analyzed: It is recommended that ground water should be analyzed for pH , Colour , EC , Turbidity (NTU), SS , TDS, TOC , COD, heavy metals (such as Pb , Cd , Cu, Zn, Cr, Hg, Ni), Fe , CN, F, As and Mn , Cl , NO3, SO4, TKN, Total Alkalinity, Total hardness Total Pesticides 26th August 2011 Pravin M Jadhav Envi Moni CHWTSDF

Ground Water Monitoring: : 

Ground Water Monitoring: The directions of the ground water flow have to be established in consultation with the State Ground Water Board or any other authority. The ground water flow direction has to be ascertained periodically and reported at least once in three years so as to know any changes in the ground water flow directions due to any changes in the local conditions such as draw down of ground water. 26th August 2011 Pravin M Jadhav Envi Moni CHWTSDF

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GROUND WATER MONITORING

Surface Water Monitoring: 

Surface Water Monitoring

Surface waters: : 

Surface waters: Monitoring of surface waters (nullah/ river, impoundments) at upstream and downstream and in adjoining area is necessary at least once in a quarter. It is also necessary to collect the sample of benthal deposit of the stream upto a distance of 500 m from the TSDF. 26th August 2011 Pravin M Jadhav Envi Moni CHWTSDF

Surface Water: 

Surface Water It is recommended that the surface water samples should be analyzed for pH, Colour, EC, Turbidity (NTU), SS, TDS, TOC, DO, BOD, COD, heavy metals (such as Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, Cr, Hg, Ni), Fe, CN, F, As and Mn, Cl, NO3, SO4, TKN, Total Alkalinity, Total hardness. 26th August 2011 Pravin M Jadhav Envi Moni CHWTSDF

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 SW-III (NEAR MAIN GATE)  SW-I (NEAR LANDFILL)  SW-II (NEAR STAFF REST ROOM) SURFACE WATER MONITORING LOCATIONS

Soil Monitoring: 

Soil Monitoring

Soil samples Monitoring: : 

Soil samples Monitoring: Parameters to be analyzed: pH , Electrical Conductivity, Colour , Total Organic Carbon, TSS , Poly Aromatic Hydrocarbon, Heavy metals ( Pb , Cd , Cu, Zn, Cr, Hg, Ni, As and Mn ), Cyanide, Fluoride, 26th August 2011 Pravin M Jadhav Envi Moni CHWTSDF

Soil samples Monitoring:: 

Soil samples Monitoring: Sampling Location & Frequency of Sampling: At least one number of composite soil sample is required to be collected Depth : 1m Grid size of 250 X 250 m Up to a radius of 500 m from the centre of the CHWTSDF. Frequency of Sampling & Analysis is once in a year i.e. pre-monsoon. 26th August 2011 Pravin M Jadhav Envi Moni CHWTSDF

Biological Monitoring: 

Biological Monitoring

Biological indicator : 

Biological indicator Plantations of locally available sensitive plants to be made in all directions of the TSDF and at different distances and to observe and record periodically the health of each plant. 26th August 2011 Pravin M Jadhav Envi Moni CHWTSDF

Leachate: 

Leachate

Leachate Proposed Leachate Disposal Standards in addition to the General Standards for Discharge of Environmental Pollutants : 

Leachate Proposed Leachate Disposal Standards in addition to the General Standards for Discharge of Environmental Pollutants Inland Surface STP CETP Adsorbable Organic Halogens (AOX) 0.5 - - Poly Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) each 0.059 - - Benzene 0.14 - - Toluene 0.08 - - Xylene (Sum of o,m,p-xylene) 0.32 - -

Noise Monitoring: 

Noise Monitoring

Noise Monitoring: 

Noise Monitoring Spot Noise Reading 24 Hrs Noise Monitoring Background Noise Monitoring Health & Safety Point of view

Enjoy reading: 

Enjoy reading APHA Water & Waste Water Sampling & Analysis Methods CPCB Manuals on AAQM Volume –I: Guidelines for manual sampling and analyses (along with sample flow chart and data sheets); 2. Volume-II: Guidelines for real time sampling and analyses CPCB HzW Incinerator Flue Gas Monitoring LAT Protocol of Evaluation of CHWTSDF - CPCB pravinmjadhav@ramky.com

Thank you for your attention! : 

Thank you for your attention! Pravin M. Jadhav. Manager Laboratory + 91 99309 28576. 022 – 3926 3937 / 3926 3936 pravinmjadhav@ramky.com 26th August 2011 Pravin M Jadhav Envi Moni CHWTSDF