Water & We - Become Water Manager

Water Saving is Life Saving: 

Water Saving is Life Saving WATER & WE : Become Water Manager ------------------------------------------------------------------ Prasen Raptan Executive Director info@jankalyana.org

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Welcome JANAKALYAN TO SERVE 4 HOLY MOTHERS Woman ( Manavimata ) Soil ( Bhoomata ) Livestock ( Gomata ) Water ( Gangamata )

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Water Used to Produce Some Common Items 1 cup of coffee (125 ml) 140 1 glass of milk (200 ml) 200 1 slice of bread (30 g) 40 1 slice of bread (30 g) with cheese (10 g) 90 1 potato (100 g) 25 1 bag of potato chips (200 g) 185 1 apple (100 g) 70 1 tomato (70 g) 13 1 glass of apple juice (200 ml) 190 1 egg (40 g) 135 Cheese pizza (725 g) 1200 Tomato pizza (600 g) 300

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WATER REQUIREMENT TO PRODUCE 1 Kg OF COTTON 9270 LITERS RICE 5000 LITERS MILK 2500 LITERS SUGAR 2200 LITERS WHEAT 1000 LITERS DHOTI (2 YARD) 3500 LITERS SILK SAREE 35000 LITERS PAPER 65000 LITERS

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Water Consumed during Daily Activities Flush toilet 25-35 Liters Run dishwasher 75-125 Liters Wash dishes by hand 100 Liters Water a small lawn 165 Liters Take a shower 125-250 liters Take a bath 250 Liters Wash small load in washing m/c 165 Liters Brush teeth with water running 10-25 Liters

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Here's a few fast facts about water on our planet and how we consume it. Almost 70 per cent of all  fresh water is used for agriculture. Over-pumping of groundwater exceeds natural replenishment rates by at least 160 billion cubic meters a year A corn field of one acre gives off 4,000 gallons of water per day in evaporation Around 75 percent of the earth’s surface is covered with water, but only 3% of that is fresh water Over 90% of the world's fresh water supplies are located in Antarctica. Around 6,800 gallons of water is needed to grow a day's worth of food for a family of 4. Freshwater animals are becoming extinct 5 times faster than land animals. If one-thousandth (or more) of the weight of water is salt, the water is considered "saline." A gallon of gas can contaminate 750,000 gallons of water Most of the world's population must walk at least 3 hours to fetch water. One full standard toilet flush in developed world uses as much water at the average person in the developing world uses in a day; for everything.

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Water Resources Precipitation in the form of rain and snowfall provide over 4000 km 3 of fresh water to India, most of which returns to the oceans via the many large rivers which flow across the subcontinent. A portion of this water is absorbed by the soil and is stored in underground aquifers. A much smaller percentage is stored in inland water bodies both natural (lakes and ponds) and man-made (tanks and reservoirs) Surface Water Ground Water Harvested Water

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CLOUD VAPOR STORAGE RAIN http://www.epa.gov/safewater/kids/flash/flash_watercycle.html

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WATER FACTS AND FIGURES DID YOU KNOW... Water supplies are falling while the demand is dramatically growing at an unsustainable rate. Over the next 20 years, the average supply of water worldwide per person is expected to drop by a third. By the middle of this century, seven billion people in 60 countries may be faced with water scarcity (at least 2 billion in 48 countries will face such a harsh reality). One litre of wastewater pollutes about eight litres of freshwater. An estimated 12,000 km³ of polluted water worldwide, which is more than the total amount contained in the world’s ten largest river basins at any given moment. Therefore, if pollution keeps pace with population growth, the world will effectively lose 18,000 km³ of freshwater by 2050 – almost nine times the total amount countries currently use each year for irrigation, which is by far the largest consumer of the resource. Asian rivers are the most polluted in the world, with three times as many bacteria from human waste as the global average. These rivers have 20 times more lead than those of industrialized countries.

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WATER FACTS AND FIGURES DID YOU KNOW... Water consumption has almost doubled in the last 50 years. A child born in the developed world consumes 30 to 50 times the water resources of one in the developing world. People already use over half the world’s accessible freshwater, and may use nearly three-quarters by 2025. Over 1.5 billion people lack ready access to drinking water and, if current consumption patterns continue, at least 3.5 billion people — nearly half the world’s projected population — will live in water-stressed river basins in just 20 years. Two-fifths of fish species come from freshwater habitats. There is one species to 15 km3 of freshwater, as compared to one species to 100,000 km3 of seawater. Humans are already appropriating more than half of all accessible surface water runoff, and this may increase to 70% by 2025. The three largest water users in global terms are: Agriculture, 67%; Industry, 19%, and Municipal / residential, 9%.

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WATER FACTS AND FIGURES DID YOU KNOW... Water is becoming scarce due to higher pollution levels and habitat degradation. Contamination denies as many as 3.3 billion people access to clean water supplies. In developing countries, an estimated 90% of wastewater is discharged directly into rivers and streams without treatment. Each year there are about 250 million cases of water related diseases, with roughly 5 to 10 million deaths. Producing a fast food lunch--hamburger, french fries, and a soft drink--uses 1500 gallons of water. This includes the water needed to raise the potatoes, the grain for the bun and the grain needed to feed the cattle, and the production of the soda. At least 1 in 3 Asians has no access to safe drinking water, and at least 1 in 2 has no access to sanitation. Freshwater fish stocks have declined by up to 90 per cent in many of the world's largest rivers. The freshwater fisheries of the Mekong River and tributaries are estimated to have a market value of nearly US$1 billion per year. The 73 million people living on and around the Mekong River depend on fish and other resources in the river system for most of the protein in their diets.

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WATER FACTS AND FIGURES DID YOU KNOW... WWF’s Living Planet Index indicates that the world has already lost over half its freshwater biodiversity since 1970, more than for forests and marine habitats. Despite this, freshwater ecosystems continue to disappear or be altered at an alarming rate. Threats to these ecosystems include: Conversion of wetlands to other uses. Many countries are under pressure to develop floodplains and other wetlands for agriculture or industry. Large infrastructure projects such as dams and canals which alter riverflows , destroying populations of species like fish and floodplain forest trees.. Misuse and overexploitation of water resources, resulting in depletion of aquifers and falling water tables. Many rivers are being sucked dry, including China’s Yellow River. Introduction of non-native species which can choke waterways and become health hazards by providing breeding grounds for mosquitoes. Indiscriminate sewage and industrial discharge. Asia’s rivers average 20 times more lead than rivers in the industrialized world. and average 50 times more bacteria from human feces than the World Health Organization guidelines allow.

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SOME INTERESTING NUMBERS 1.1 billion -- the number of people worldwide who lack an adequate and safe supply of water for their daily needs, approximately one in five 5 million --- the number of people, mostly children, who die each year from illnesses caused by poor-quality water supplies 5 -- the minimum number of gallons (about 19 litres ) of water needed to meet a person's daily needs, according to the World Health Organization 2.2 million – the number of people who die each year from diseases related to contaminated drinking water and poor sanitation. 50 -- the percentage of people in Africa who suffer from water-related diseases such as cholera and infant diarrhea 20 -- the percentage of the world's freshwater supply that is in Canada, which recently banned bulk exports of water $90 billion -- estimated annual global investments in public water supplies $4 billion -- estimated annual sales of the U.S. bottled water industry 2 -- the number of people who stripped naked during the opening ceremonies of the 2nd World Water Forum, to protest the construction of a dam in Spain

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Simple water saving tips for Water Manager The FAO has warned that within two decades, the majority of the earth's population could face serious water shortages The culprit isn't so much population growth, but poor water management practices. The biggest water consuming industry is agriculture. The FAO states 70% of all fresh water drawn globally is for agricultural use - higher in some countries. While it would be easy to blame farmers, we are all in this together and we as consumers fuel demand for water hungry crops such as cotton. It takes around 9270 liters to produce a 1 kg of cotton and over half that water is lost through evaporation or other poor water management practices. http://www.ecokids.ca/pub/eco_info/topics/water/water/play_waterconserve.cfm

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Simple water saving tips for Water Manager As individuals, there's so many things we can do to lessen our water consumption - and save cash in the process too! Shorter showers with less pressure Install a water saving shower head Ensuring taps, water pipes and hose connections don't drip Checking toilets for leaks. Use a few drops of food coloring in the cistern, wait for a while and check the bowl for signs of color - be sure to flush afterwards prevent staining. Buy clothing made with fibers that aren't so water intensive; such as hemp Installing rainwater tanks or even just a small rain barrel Using greywater from sinks and washing machines to water the garden Using low water car washes Installing tap aerators

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Simple water saving tips for Water Manager As individuals, there's so many things we can do to lessen our water consumption - and save cash in the process too! Turning off the tap while brushing our teeth Turning off the tap while shaving Washing veggies in a sink partially filled with water instead of under a running tap Setting washing machines at the lowest possible water level for the load Watering gardens just after sunrise or just after sunset to reduce evaporation Mulching gardens to reduce watering requirements Installing drip irrigation systems Cutting grass a little longer during summer Reducing the temperature of water heaters which lessens the amount of mixing needed to be done in order to achieve a temperature that won't scald your skin

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Simple water saving tips for Water Manager As individuals, there's so many things we can do to lessen our water consumption - and save cash in the process too! Insulate water pipes Installing dual flush toilets or displacement devices in cisterns Fill a dishwasher completely before running it Don't use water to accelerate thawing of food Instead of using a sink rubbish disposal unit, establish a compost pile or worm farm Use drought tolerant plants in your garden and drought resistant grass for lawn Never use a hose to blast leaves or litter off a driveway - sweep it, it's good exercise too :) While saving a gallon here and there may not seem like much; bear in mind that every small action when multiplied millions of times can make a huge impact. We really undervalue water when you consider humans can go for weeks without food, but only days without water. The amazing thing is, we only need a few liters a day through our food and directly to sustain ourselves. Added that, to maintain hygiene, we only need about 25 litres (6 gallons) a day in total. In developed countries, we currently use 500-800 litres (125 to 200 gallons) per day per person!

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Nature of Water Saving for Different Crops under Different Types of Efficient Irrigation Technologies Sl No Water-Saving and Yield Enhancing Irrigation Technology crops for which the technology can be used ideally Nature of Saving in Applied Water 1 Pressurized drip systems (inline and on-line drippers, drip taps) All fruit crops; cotton; castor; fennel; maize; coconut; aracnut ; chilly; cauliflower; cabbage; ladies finger; tomatoes; brinjal ; gourds; mulberry; sugarcane; water melon; flowers 1. Reduces non-beneficial evaporation (E) from the area not covered by canopy 2. Reduces deep percolation 3. Water saving also comes from reduction in evaporation from fallow after harvest 4. Extent of water saving higher during initial stages of plant growth 5. Yield growth significant

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Sl No Water-Saving and Yield Enhancing Irrigation Technology crops for which the technology can be used ideally Nature of Saving in Applied Water 2 Overhead sprinklers (including sprinkler guns) Wheat; pearl millet; sorghum; cumin; mustard; cow pea; chick pea 1.Reduces the losses in conveyance 2. Improves the distribution efficiency slightly 3. Reduces deep percolation 3. Yield growth marginal

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Sl No Water-Saving and Yield Enhancing Irrigation Technology crops for which the technology can be used ideally Nature of Saving in Applied Water 3 Micro sprinklers Potato; ground nut; alfalfa; 1. Reduces the seepage and evaporation losses in conveyance through open channels. 2. Reduces deep percolation over furrow irrigation and small border irrigation 3. Yield growth significant

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Sl No Water-Saving and Yield Enhancing Irrigation Technology crops for which the technology can be used ideally Nature of Saving in Applied Water 4 Plastic mulching Potato; ground nut; cotton; castor; fennel; brinjal; chilly; cauliflower; cabbage; ladies finger; flowers 1. Completes checks the evaporation component of ET 2. Stops non-beneficial evaporation (E) 3. Extent of water saving higher over drip irrigation 4. Faster germination and significant yield growth

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Sl No Water-Saving and Yield Enhancing Irrigation Technology crops for which the technology can be used ideally Nature of Saving in Applied Water 5 Green houses All vegetables, high valued fruits such as strawberry; and exotic flowers 1. Controls the ambient temperature and humidity, checks the wind, thereby reducing transpirative demand of plant. 3. The water-saving is highest as compared to other technologies 4. Substantial yield growth

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Nature of Water Saving for Different Crops under Different Types of Efficient Irrigation Technologies Sl No Water-Saving and Yield Enhancing Irrigation Technology crops for which the technology can be used ideally Nature of Saving in Applied Water 6 Micro tube drips All horticultural crops 1.Reduces non-beneficial evaporation 2. Distribution uniformity is poor and depends on number of micro tubes on a lateral

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Irrigation Efficiencies under Different Methods of Irrigation Irrigation Efficiencies Method of Irrigation Surface Sprinkler Drip Conveyance Efficiency 40-50 (canal) 60-70 (well) Application Efficiency 60-70 70-80 90 Surface water moisture evaporation 30-40 30-40 20-25 Overall efficiency 30-35 50-60 80-90

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Crops conducive to water-saving technologies in India and their Potential Spread Crop Category Different crops conducive for WSTs Type of WSTs that can be used Regions* Tree crops and orchards Mango, Guava, Gooseberry, Pomegranate, Sapote , , Coconut, Banana, Date palm, Grapes, Papaya, Citrus and Kinnow , Drumstick Drips (for all); and also Sprinklers (Banana, Mango) and plastic mulching in case of extreme water stress Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, and Punjab Row field crops Potato and Groundnut Drips; and also mulching (for groundnut and potato) Gujarat, Maharashtra and Punjab Crops Coconut, Coffee, Tea, Teak Drips (for coconut and teak); and sprinklers (for tea and coffee) Kerala and Karnataka (coconut, tea and coffee), Orissa (tea); Tamil Nadu (coconut) Field Crops Wheat, Pearl millet, Sorghum, Maize, Alfalfa, Mustard Overhead sprinklers (wheat, pearl millet, maize and sorghum) and mini and micro sprinklers for alfalfa Punjab, Haryana, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, and Karnataka Fruit/Vegetables Tomatoes, Brinjal, Gourds, Chilly, Cabbage, Cauliflower, Strawberry Drips, and plastic mulching Maharashtra, Gujarat, Rajasthan, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka Cash crops Cotton, Fennel, Castor, Sugarcane, Vanilla and Cumin Drips for sugarcane; fogger sprinklers for Vanilla; and micro sprinklers for cumin Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu and Gujarat (for cotton, sugarcane and ground nut), Gujarat for cumin and fennel, and Kerala for vanilla

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http://www.squiglysplayhouse.com/Games/Quizzes/Minis/Water.html http://www.centralbasin.org/waterQuiz.html http://www.epa.gov/WaterSense/kids/games.html

WATER & WE: BECOME WATER MANAGER: 

WATER & WE: BECOME WATER MANAGER Thank You !!!