Natural Disasters

Natural Disasters: 

Natural Disasters

Made By: 

Made By Pranav Kumar

Types of Disasters: 

Types of Disasters BUSHFIRES CYCLONES DROUGHTS EARTHQUAKES FAMINE FLOODS TORNADOES TSUNAMIS VOLCANOES

BUSHFIRES: 

BUSHFIRES What causes Bushfires? There are many different conditions that can trigger a bushfire, including dry weather, high temperatures and flammable vegetation. In remote bush land areas lightning is the most common igniter. Where do Bushfires occur? Australia is a popular area for bushfires due to its high temperatures, dry climate and weather patterns. If there is an area of bush near a town or city, arsonists and negligent people are the greatest starters of fires.

PREPAREDNESS: 

PREPAREDNESS • smoking should not be allowed during harvesting • litter and any flammable items should always be cleared away from gutters, buildings and other important infrastructure; • areas around incinerators, rubbish dumps, fuel supplies and storage areas should be clear and these facilities should be situated in remote areas well away from other structures;

CYCLONES: 

CYCLONES What is a Cyclone? Cyclones are huge revolving storms caused by winds blowing around a central area of low atmospheric pressure . In the northern hemisphere, cyclones are called hurricanes or typhoons and their winds blow in an anti-clockwise circle. In the southern hemisphere, these tropical storms are known as cyclones, whose winds blow in a clockwise circle. How do Cyclones occur? Cyclones develop over warm seas near the Equator. Air heated by the sun rises very swiftly, which creates areas of very low pressure. As the warm air rises, it becomes loaded with moisture which condenses into massive thunderclouds. Cool air rushes in to fill the void that is left, but because of the constant turning of the Earth on its axis, the air is bent inwards and then spirals upwards with great force. The swirling winds rotate faster and faster, forming a huge circle which can be up to 2,000 km across. At the centre of the storm is a calm, cloudless area called the eye, where there is no rain, and the winds are fairly light.

PREPAREDNESS: 

PREPAREDNESS Disconnect all electrical appliances. Listen to your battery radio for updates. Stay inside and shelter {well clear of windows) in the strongest part of the building, i.e. cellar, internal hallway or bathroom. Keep evacuation and emergency kits with you. If the building starts to break up, protect yourself with mattresses, rugs or blankets under a strong table or bench or hold onto a solid fixture, e.g. a water pipe. Beware the calm 'eye'. If the wind drops, don't assume the cyclone is over; violent winds will soon resume from another direction. Wait for the official 'all clear'. If driving, stop (handbrake on and in gear) - but well away from the sea and clear of trees, power lines and streams. Stay in the vehicle.

DROUGHTS: 

DROUGHTS What causes Drought? Droughts are caused by lack of rain over a long period of time. If rain does occur it usually isn't enough for the ground to absorb before it is evaporated again. Plants and animals need water to survive, so if there is not enough water they will eventually die from thirst and dehydration. Water is one of the main ingredients in the food chain, for example: If a plant dies from lack of water then the animal that eats that plant will also die, the cycle will then continue to die out. Most droughts tend to occur during summer, as the weather is hot and water is quickly evaporated. Droughts can last for years in most extreme cases. These types of droughts effect outback properties and can devastate crops and livestock. However, many crops are effected. If a farmer has lost his crop due to drought then he will get no money to pay for the next seasonal crop. Where do Droughts occur? Droughts usually occur in hot dry areas of land. In most cases the area is dry because there is very minimal rainfall. The rain that does fall will be quickly absorbed into the ground or blown away by the dry air flow that moves along the ground. Therefore the land is very dry and not many things can live there.

PREPAREDNESS: 

PREPAREDNESS 1.  All public water supply systems are encouraged to keep records of their water system production and delivery activities through metering at the source and at customer connections. 2.  All public water supply systems are also encouraged to adopt metered water rates that reflect the full cost of the water production and delivery and which encourage customers to minimize water use through progressively increasing water rates or other measures that penalize excessive water use

EARTHQUAKES: 

EARTHQUAKES What causes Earthquakes? Earthquakes are caused when tension is released from the rocks in the Earth's crust and upper mantle. This tension is due to friction between what scientists believe are large 'plates' floating on magma on the Earth's surface. Sometimes earthquakes happen when the rocks in the earth's crust bend and break. This causes shock waves to travel on the earth's surface, resulting in widespread destruction. Where do Earthquakes occur? Earthquakes usually occur in places where two plates meet, called faults . Earthquakes are mostly generated deep within the earth's crust, when the pressure between two plates is too great for them to be held in place. The underground rocks then snap, sending shock waves out in all directions. These are called seismic waves . The underground origin of an earthquake is called the focus . The point at which an earthquake originates on the surface is called the epicentre .

PREPAREDNESS: 

PREPAREDNESS Become aware of fire evacuation and earthquake plans for all of the buildings you occupy regularly. 1 Pick safe places in each room of your home, workplace and/or school. A safe place could be under a piece of furniture or against an interior wall away from windows, bookcases or tall furniture that could fall on you. 2 Practice drop, cover and hold on in each safe place. If you do not have sturdy furniture to hold on to, sit on the floor next to an interior wall and cover your head and neck with your arms.

Floods : 

Floods What causes Floods? Flooded areas of land usually start off as very dry land. Floods are caused by heavy rains that pour to much water into rivers and other waterways. Making these natural channels unable to carry all the water. Rising water flows over or breaks the banks to the waterways causing the surrounding land to be flooded. Different causes of floods can come from masses of snow melting of tidal waves. Where do Floods occur? The type of land that is prone to flooding are broad and flat usually situated on the banks of a river or main waterway. Rivers that flood are regarded in three different stages. They are:- ONE:- Water comes off the mountains, eroding the beds and banks of the river as it flows. TWO:- This type river travels through broad valleys which slows the current of the river down. If the current is slow it will transport less material down the river. THREE:- Flood-plain stage. Little if not any erosion takes place most of the material tha tis carried in the current is suspended and deposited to the form a flood plain.

PREPAREDNESS: 

PREPAREDNESS Find out if you live in a flood prone area. You can check with your local building department to see the flood maps for your municipality. If you are in a flood zone - purchase sufficient flood insurance. Flood losses are not covered under normal homeowner's insurance. Learn how your community would alert you if a flood was occurring or predicted. Pre-assemble flood-fighting supplies like plastic sheeting, lumber, sandbags. Have check valves installed in building sewer traps to prevent flood waters from backing up in sewer drains. As a last resort have large corks or stoppers to plug showers, tubs or basins from water rising up through the pipes. Maintain a disaster supply kit at home.

PowerPoint Presentation: 

The End