logging in or signing up NORTHERN INDIAN REGION pragsppt Download Post to : URL : Related Presentations : Share Add to Flag Embed Email Send to Blogs and Networks Add to Channel Uploaded from authorPOINT lite Insert YouTube videos in PowerPont slides with aS Desktop Copy embed code: Embed: Flash iPad Copy Does not support media & animations WordPress Embed Customize Embed URL: Copy Thumbnail: Copy The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites. Views: 3192 Category: Education License: All Rights Reserved Like it (4) Dislike it (1) Added: June 23, 2010 This Presentation is Public Favorites: 5 Presentation Description No description available. Comments Posting comment... By: Laxmi_student20 (19 month(s) ago) hello admin.........Can u plz plz...mail me dis presentation asap...wil b really thankful.... Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: Wahal (21 month(s) ago) Dear Ruby and Saurabh, greetings from my side... Need to know if i can download this presentation or if you can mail this to me. its a wonderful presentation and will be of great help. expecting a reply at your earliest convenience. My Mail Id is - sunaina_wahal13@yahoo.com best regards... Sunaina Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: bindudhaliwal (21 month(s) ago) thx for uploading the ppt......................... Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: bindudhaliwal (21 month(s) ago) thx for uploading the ppt......................... Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: ShashankUpmanyu (26 month(s) ago) thnx for uploading the complete presentation depicting northern culture of India. Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close loading.... See all Premium member Presentation Transcript INTER NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF FASHION DESIGNING : INTER NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF FASHION DESIGNING PRESENTATION ON NORTHERN REGIONS OF INDIA 2009 PRESENTED BY:- RUBY SINGH SAURABH RAJ SONI B.Sc III year F.D. Slide 2: INTRODUCTION India has a rich & varied textile heritage, where each region has its own unique costumes & traditional attire. India covers a whole range of clothing from ornate clothes designed for traditional costumes in India. The clothing very widely depends upon the climate of the region. As India has a abundance of festivals & climate. Every state ha its own traditional costume due to their costumes. Clothing of the person also varies according to the occupation of the person. Slide 3: CLIMATIC ZONES IN INDIA India possesses a large variety of climates ranging from extremely hot desert regions to high altitude locations with severely cold conditions similar to northern Europe. The six climates are normally designated as Hot and Dry, Warm and Humid, Moderate , Cold and Sunny, Cold and Cloudy and Composite. Slide 4: COLD & SUNNY CLIMATE Slide 5: COLD & CLOUDY CLIMATE Slide 6: MODERATE CLIMATE Slide 7: COMPOSITE CLIMATE Slide 8: WARM & HUMID Slide 9: HOT & DRY CLIMATE Slide 10: NORTHERN INDIA JAMMU & KASHMIR : JAMMU & KASHMIR CLIMATE IN JAMMU & KASHMIR : CLIMATE IN JAMMU & KASHMIR Kashmir has erratic climatic conditions. All around the state of Jammu & Kashmir the climate changes along with various geographical conditions. The monsoon brings a lot of rain at this part of the region. In the higher mountain regions around the valley, there is often a snow fall. In the valley of Kashmir, winter is chilling cold and lasts from November to March. Warmer weather starts in the middle of March and lasts till the end of July, but at this period of the year there is a lot of rain leading to landslides. From October onwards, Jammu becomes a much more pleasant destination. However, the best time to enjoy the beautiful valley of Kashmir. FESTIVALS OF JAMMU & KASHMIR : FESTIVALS OF JAMMU & KASHMIR The popular Parsi Navroz festival is celebrated with great fanfare in the State. It comes a week after the New Year day. The Urs (or Ziarats) is a typical Kashmiri festival. It is held annually at the shrines of Muslim saints on their death anniversaries. Muslim festivals which are celebrated nationally include Shab-i Mairaj which is followed by Shab-i-Barat. Another Muslim festival of this area is Ramzan. During the month of Ramzan, Muslims abstain from eating or drinking during the day. The Muslim festival, Muharram, marks the martyrdom of Imam Hussain, the prophet's grandson. Huge taziyas made of paper and wood are taken out in procession. OCCUPATION OF JAMMU & KASHMIR : OCCUPATION OF JAMMU & KASHMIR Most of the Kashmiri people work on farms.Much of the farmland is under intense cultivation, producing corn, wheat, rice and saffron amongst other crops. Fruit and nuts are also produced in quantities including pears, apples and walnuts. CLOTHING OF JAMMU & KASHMIR : CLOTHING OF JAMMU & KASHMIR As far as the clothing is concerned the phiran is a commonly worn garment. It is a gown usually made of wool and has a lot of embroidery work done on it. These gowns are decorated with colorful floral motifs and designs. Kashmir is very popular for its Pashmina shawls. These shawls are made from the traditional woolen textile. This woolen textile is obtained from the mountain goat. These shawls have intricate thread work done on them. These shawls have work done on both the sides. Kashmiri embroidery is called kasida. The Kashmiri stoles are very popular. Many Kashmiri women who follow Islam wear the abaya. Kashmir Hub offers you details of the type of clothes and jewelry worn by the people of Kashmir. TEXTILES IN JAMMU & KASHMIR : TEXTILES IN JAMMU & KASHMIR The state of Jammu and Kashmir is blessed with serene beauty and its unique art and craft. As you step down to this valley you will notice different kinds of crafts one of which is textiles which is most prominent. Embroidery work on the shawls and the cloths of Kashmiri people are very mesmerizing. The other crafts prevailing in Kashmir are the magic in wood works, steel wares, Papier-mache and weaving kani shawls etc. HIMACHAL PRADESH : HIMACHAL PRADESH CLIMATE OF HIMACHAL PRADESH : CLIMATE OF HIMACHAL PRADESH Nestled in the foothills of the mighty Himalayas, the state of Himachal Pradesh is a traveler’s paradise located in the North-Western part of India. Blessed with some of the most spectacular landscapes, Himachal Pradesh is one of the premier tourist destinations in the country, and the state receives a good tourist influx every year. FESTIVALS OF HIMACHAL PRADESH : FESTIVALS OF HIMACHAL PRADESH Himachal Pradesh is a land of simple and religious people. The people lead a colourful life here with the fairs and festivals adding to their jest. The festivals sometimes mark the beginning of seasons. Many Sikh festivals like Baisakhi and Lohri are also celebrated largely here and the tribals have their own festivals here. Pori Festival The festival is celebrated in Lahaul with remarkable jest. A proper tradition of worshipping where the idol of lord Triloknath is bathed in milk and yogurt, the conchshells ring, and many other rituals are performed, and none is without reason. Phulaich Locally known by the name of 'Ookayand ', meaning the festival of flowers, Phulaich is mainly celebrated in Kinnaur district. On the 16th day of the month of September. OCCUPATION OF HIMACHAL PRADESH : OCCUPATION OF HIMACHAL PRADESH The mainstay of the people of Himachal Pradesh is agriculture on which 66.71% population depends for their livelihood. Due to ideal climate for fruit cultivation, horticulture and vegetable growing (seasonal as well as off-season), well-diversified farm economy has developed rapidly during the past three decades. TEXTILE OF HIMACHAL PRADESH : TEXTILE OF HIMACHAL PRADESH Exquisite examples of needle painting, the rumals (large handkerchiefs) of Chamba have long been famous for their unusual beauty, and as symbols and omens of goodwill. Weddings in the hills and valleys around Chamba are still not complete without an exchange of Chamba rumals. PUNJAB : PUNJAB CLIMATE IN PUNJAB : CLIMATE IN PUNJAB Punjab is situated in the North-Eastern part of India. The Punjab Climate is determined by the extreme hot and extreme cold conditions. Punjab Climate comprises of three seasons. They are the summer months that spans from mid April to the end of June. The rainy season in Punjab is from the months of early July to end of September. The winter season in Punjab is experienced during the months of early December to the end of February. The transitional Seasons in Punjab are the post monsoon season and the post winter season. FESTIVALS OF PUNJAB : FESTIVALS OF PUNJAB The festivals of Punjab are celebrated with much pomp and glory and it involves a huge fanfare. Some of the popular Punjab Festivals are: Lohri – one of the most popular festivals of the state of Punjab. The Lohri festival is actually celebrated as the harvest festival in Punjab. The festival is marked with songs, dance and bonfires. Holi – like the rest of the country, the festival of Holi is celebrated in Punjab with the same exuberance. Deepavali – the festival of light is observed in Punjab with the same fervor as the rest of the country. The people burst crackers, wear new clothes and light fireworks and lamps. Idd-Ul-Fitr – celebrated at the end of the Muslim month of fasting or the Ramzan, Idd Ul Fitr in Punjab is marked with people offering their prayers and exchanging gifts and delicacies with their families and friends. Dusshera – one of the greatest festivals of the state, the Dusshera festival in Punjab is observed with great enthusiasm. OCCUPATION IN PUNJAB : OCCUPATION IN PUNJAB The economy of Punjab is characterized by a productive, increasingly commercial agriculture, a diversity of small- and medium-scale industries, and the highest per capital income in the nation. Wheat and cotton are the principal crops. Live- stock and poultry are also raised in large numbers. Industries with the largest number of workers include cotton, woollen and silk textiles, metal products and machinery, food and beverages, and transport equipment and parts. Others: hosiery, bicycles, sewing machines, and sporting goods. CLOTHING OF PUNJAB : CLOTHING OF PUNJAB Women's Clothing Punjabi girls and women wear salwar kameez's with bright colored duppattas. A salwar kameez has two pieces of cloths: the kameez, or shirt or top piece, and the salwar, or pants or bottom piece. A duppatta is a piece of colorful cloth that women wear around their necks. Men's Clothing Men and boys generally wear loose pants or slacks with a collared shirt or t-shirt. Some males also wear the kurta pajama, an Indian shirt and pant outfit, especially the Punjabi farmer. On their head, many Sikhs also wear puggs, or turbans. TEXTILE OF PUNJAB : TEXTILE OF PUNJAB The rich agricultural states of Punjab and Haryana are famous for the phulkari (flower work) shawls, that worn with a tight fitting choli and gaghra, formed the traditional costume of rural women of this region. It was a costume both spectacular and eminently practical. Phulkaris were made for everyday wear. Usually the border and field of the shawl were not so densely embroidered, with much of the ground cloth exposed. For ceremonial occasions, however, a special kind of phulkari known as a bagh (garden) was made, in which the whole of the ground was covered with embroidery, so that the base cloth was not visible at all. UTTRAKHAND : UTTRAKHAND FESTIVALS OF UTTRAKHAND : FESTIVALS OF UTTRAKHAND The fairs and folk festivals of Uttaranchal are very colourful and distinctive, and are the blend of various natural, social and cultural factors. The people of Uttaranchal also celebrate all the major Indian festivals. Basant Panchami, Bhitauli, Harela, Phooldei, Batsavitri, Ganga Dusshera, Dikar Puja, Olgi or Ghee Sankranti, Khatarua, Ghuian Ekadashi and Ghughutia are some of the major festivals of Uttaranchal. OCCUPATION IN UTTRAKHAND : OCCUPATION IN UTTRAKHAND Uttaranchal is an agrarian state. About 80% of the population of the state is dependent on agriculture for its livelihood. 12% of the available land is irrigated and 64% are fed by natural springs. The major crops produced in the state include Rice, Wheat, Barley, Corn, Mandua, Hangora etc. The state is a major supplier of fruits like Apple, Leachy, Pulam, Naashpati, and Maalta etc. TEXTILES IN UTTRAKHAND : TEXTILES IN UTTRAKHAND According to the general use in Uttranchal, the fibers could be classified into the textile fibers used in the manufacture of textiles, including fabrics, netting and cordage; the brush fibers which are hard and used for making brushes, brooms and the like; Plaiting and weaving fibers which is again hard used in weaving straw hats, mats, baskets, chair seats, chairs and other forms of wicker work; filling fibers for stuffing purposes; and paper making fibers chiefly of wood fibers of various types including bamboo. HARYANA : HARYANA CLIMATE OF HARYANA : CLIMATE OF HARYANA Climate of Haryana is similar to other states of India lying in the northern plains. Haryana can be divided into two natural areas, sub-Himalayan terrain and the Indo-Gangetic plain. The south-west of Haryana is dry, sandy and barren. There are no perennial rivers in Haryana, Ghaggar being the only river, which flows through the northern fringes of the state. Haryana is very hot in summer and cold in winters. The temperature falls to the lowest in January and reaches upto 50o C during the months of May and June. FESTIVALS OF HARYANA : FESTIVALS OF HARYANA Diwali In Haryana Diwali is celebrated with great enthusiasm. It comes in the middle of the month of Karthik. Dusshera Dussera is probably the chief Hindu festival, being associated with the great Epic Ramayana and its renowned hero, Rama. Holi Holi is celebrated with considerable zest, particularly in the area bordering Uttar Pradesh. Gugga Naumi This is a religious festival, celebrated all over Haryana. It is connected with snake-worship and observed in August-September. OCCUPATION IN HARYANA : OCCUPATION IN HARYANA Agriculture is the main occupation of the people of Haryana. About 70% of the population is depended upon agriculture for their livelihood. Haryana is self-sufficient in food grains production and one of the top contributors of food grains to the Central pool. It contributes 40 to 45 lakh tonnes of food grains to the Central pool which is the second largest. The world famous Basmati rice produced in Haryana finds an easy market abroad. The state of Haryana has a geographical area of 44.20 lakh hectare. About 86% of the geographical area is cultivable, of which 96% has already been brought under plough. About 75% of the cultivated area in the state is irrigated, wherein the contribution of tube wells / pumping sets is about 50%. The cropping intensity in the state is nearly 170%. CLOTHING IN HARYANA : CLOTHING IN HARYANA The dress of the people is generally simple. It consists of a dhoti, shirt, turban and a pair of shoes. A blanket or chaddar serves as wrapper. The turban has a different style for a Jat, an Ahir, a Rajput, a Bania or a Brahman. There is also difference in the dress of various communities particularly among women. A Jat woman's full dress, thel, consist of ghaggri, shirt and a printed orhni. The Ahir woman can always be recognized by her lehenga or peticoat, angia. It is usually red or yellow, decorated with bosses and fringes, with a fall. The Rajput woman's dress is similar to that of an Ahir woman. The dhotis and saris are the favourite items of dress among Brahmans and Aggarwal women. A Gujjar woman can be known at once from the blue clothes and a Chamar from her red clothes. TEXTILE IN HARYANA : TEXTILE IN HARYANA Haryana has some interesting handicrafts on offer including pottery making, handloom, woven furniture, artistic pottery, and woodcarving. Handloom Haryana boasts of a robust handloom tradition, especially in Panipat and an equally vibrant handicraft tradition. Panipat is a major textile town of India famous for its rugs and upholstery fabric. Traditionally women would weave durries (rugs) and khes (thick coverlets) for household use whenever they would be free from agricultural and household work. DELHI : DELHI CLIMATE OF DELHI : CLIMATE OF DELHI The air of Delhi in itself carries a different aroma. Round the year, in every season, the state enjoys seasonal extremities, that offers every tourist a different experience; the chilly winds reminds one of the Himalayan snow clad hills whereas the hot breezes takes one to undulating dunes of Rajasthan. Amazing, isn't it? In other words, Delhi has a semi-arid climate with high variation between summer and winter temperatures. LIFESTYLE OF DELHI : LIFESTYLE OF DELHI Delhi shares its borders with Haryana, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh and Punjab, which influence the life-styles and language of the people. They are extremely receptive to modern ideas, inventions and the fantasies of the modern social ethos. People belonging to various religious sects, castes and lingual groups live marvelously with each other, with their socio-economic status taking a back seat. Durga Puja in Delhi celebrated with same enthusiasm as Iid is celebrated. The Guru Purab and Christmas carry the same colour as Dewali or Buddha Purnima. The amalgamation of various cultures, traditions, religions has painted Delhi in colour which are brought from all over India. Today Delhi is a crowded and extremely polluted modern city, which has ancient, crumbling structures cropping up unexpectedly in every area. The city has been attracting its fare share of industrial development in the last two decades, with an influx of technocrats, specialists and fortune seekers to match. In a heady atmosphere of optimism, around 9000 new industrial units sprang up every year during the 1990s. Despite this new-found affluence, a staggering third of the city's population lives in the notorious jhuggies - slums often seen clinging to the edge of new developments. DELHI : DELHI UTTAR PRADESH : UTTAR PRADESH CLIMATE IN UTTAR PRADESH : CLIMATE IN UTTAR PRADESH The climate of Uttar Pradesh varies from Temperate in Eastern Uttar Pradesh to Extreme in Western UP to Semi Arid in Bundelkhand and Agra zone. Therefore it is extremely difficult to categorize it a particular climatic frame. Nevertheless, summers are very hot and winters are bit chilly. FESTIVALS OF UTTAR PRADESH : FESTIVALS OF UTTAR PRADESH There as many as 40 festivals which are performed with gaiety and complete communal harmony. Sheetla Ashtami, Raksha Bandhan, Vaishakhi Purnima, Ganga Dashahara, Naag Panchami, Krishna Janmashtami, Ram Navami, Ganesha Chaturthi, Vijaya Dashmi, Deepawali, Kartik Purnima, Makar Sankranti, Vasant Panchami, Shivaratri and Holi are the main festivals of the Hindus. I'd, Moharram, Bakr-I'd, Barawafat and Shab-e-Barat are the major Muslim festivals. New Year’s Day, Good-Friday, Easter and Christmas are the prominent festivals of the Christians. Buddha Purnima for Buddhists, Mahavir Jayanti for Jains, the birthday of Guru Nanak, Martyr's day of Guru Teg Bahadur and Vaishakhi are also the other famous festivals. About 2,250 fairs are held every year in Uttar Pradesh. KARVACHAUTH SANKRANT FESTIVALS OF UTTAR PRADESH : FESTIVALS OF UTTAR PRADESH The Kumbh and the Ardh Kumbh These fairs are held periodically, every twelve and six years in Haridwar where a large number of pilgrims and devotees get together to, commemorate the churning of the ocean by the Devas (Gods) and Asuras (Demons) to obtain nector (Amrit). When the coveted Kumbh (jar) of nectar was obtained, one of the Devas stopped at four places viz. Haridwar, Prayag, Nasik and Ujjain before he finally arrived safely at heaven. A few drops of this nectar are supposed to have spilled in the water in these four places. Sages, saints and pilgrims started periodically to flock to these Tirths to celebrate this divine event by taking dips in the holy rivers. It is a unique event that blends religious and social features of Indian society. OCCUPATION OF UTTAR PRADESH : OCCUPATION OF UTTAR PRADESH Uttar Pradesh is a major contributor to the national food grain stock. Partly this is due to the fertile regions of the Indo-Gangetic plain and partly owing to irrigation measures such as the Ganga Canal and tube-wells. Lakhimpur Kheri is a densely populated sugar producing district in the country. It is also home to 78% of national livestock population. It has been the most common producer of food grains in India since the 1950s due to high-yielding varieties of seed, greater availability of fertilizers and increased use of irrigation. Uttar Pradesh supports about 15% of the India's total livestock population. CLOTHING IN UTTAR PRADESH : CLOTHING IN UTTAR PRADESH As far as costumes of Uttar Pradesh are concerned, sarees are still popular among its women at large. In fact, sarees and salwar-kameej are generally worn by women all over India, and are the traditional dresses of the country . Benarasi sarees are an exquisite creation and are generally worn in east India in formal occasions like marriages. Salwars, a long skirt reaching below the knees, along with pyjamas or lungis, is also a common costume in the state, and also all over the country. The male among the Muslim population of Uttar Pradesh prefer the kurta or a shirt as the upper garment, complemented by a lungi or pyjama as the lower garment. TEXTILE OF UTTAR PRADESH : TEXTILE OF UTTAR PRADESH The cut work of Banaras is a cotton inlay in cotton developed for furnishings, especially drapes, where it helps cut down the glare of the mid-ay sun. Extremely popular with the urban consumer, the design repertoire covers geometric, floral, and paisley patterns. The technique is suitable to light and transparent fabrics and the motifs are formed with extra weft threads which hang loosely at the back. After weaving these threads are cut away. Slide 49: CONCLUSION India has a rich & varied textile heritage. Traditional clothes are still worn in most rural India urban India is changing rapidly, with international fashion trends. Before masters weavers was recognised for his skills,today fashion designers is known for his or her creativity. The fusion of fashion can be seen on the streets & ramps of fashionable cities of India. Fashion in India has become a growing industry with international events such as India Fashion Week & annual shows by fashion designers in the major cities. Fashion in India covers a whole range of clothing from ornate clothes designed for wedding ceremonies to sports wear & casual wear. Traditional embroideries have been used by Indian designers to create indowestern. Slide 50: THANK YOU You do not have the permission to view this presentation. In order to view it, please contact the author of the presentation.
NORTHERN INDIAN REGION pragsppt Download Post to : URL : Related Presentations : Share Add to Flag Embed Email Send to Blogs and Networks Add to Channel Uploaded from authorPOINT lite Insert YouTube videos in PowerPont slides with aS Desktop Copy embed code: Embed: Flash iPad Copy Does not support media & animations WordPress Embed Customize Embed URL: Copy Thumbnail: Copy The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites. Views: 3192 Category: Education License: All Rights Reserved Like it (4) Dislike it (1) Added: June 23, 2010 This Presentation is Public Favorites: 5 Presentation Description No description available. Comments Posting comment... By: Laxmi_student20 (19 month(s) ago) hello admin.........Can u plz plz...mail me dis presentation asap...wil b really thankful.... Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: Wahal (21 month(s) ago) Dear Ruby and Saurabh, greetings from my side... Need to know if i can download this presentation or if you can mail this to me. its a wonderful presentation and will be of great help. expecting a reply at your earliest convenience. My Mail Id is - sunaina_wahal13@yahoo.com best regards... Sunaina Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: bindudhaliwal (21 month(s) ago) thx for uploading the ppt......................... Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: bindudhaliwal (21 month(s) ago) thx for uploading the ppt......................... Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: ShashankUpmanyu (26 month(s) ago) thnx for uploading the complete presentation depicting northern culture of India. Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close loading.... See all Premium member Presentation Transcript INTER NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF FASHION DESIGNING : INTER NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF FASHION DESIGNING PRESENTATION ON NORTHERN REGIONS OF INDIA 2009 PRESENTED BY:- RUBY SINGH SAURABH RAJ SONI B.Sc III year F.D. Slide 2: INTRODUCTION India has a rich & varied textile heritage, where each region has its own unique costumes & traditional attire. India covers a whole range of clothing from ornate clothes designed for traditional costumes in India. The clothing very widely depends upon the climate of the region. As India has a abundance of festivals & climate. Every state ha its own traditional costume due to their costumes. Clothing of the person also varies according to the occupation of the person. Slide 3: CLIMATIC ZONES IN INDIA India possesses a large variety of climates ranging from extremely hot desert regions to high altitude locations with severely cold conditions similar to northern Europe. The six climates are normally designated as Hot and Dry, Warm and Humid, Moderate , Cold and Sunny, Cold and Cloudy and Composite. Slide 4: COLD & SUNNY CLIMATE Slide 5: COLD & CLOUDY CLIMATE Slide 6: MODERATE CLIMATE Slide 7: COMPOSITE CLIMATE Slide 8: WARM & HUMID Slide 9: HOT & DRY CLIMATE Slide 10: NORTHERN INDIA JAMMU & KASHMIR : JAMMU & KASHMIR CLIMATE IN JAMMU & KASHMIR : CLIMATE IN JAMMU & KASHMIR Kashmir has erratic climatic conditions. All around the state of Jammu & Kashmir the climate changes along with various geographical conditions. The monsoon brings a lot of rain at this part of the region. In the higher mountain regions around the valley, there is often a snow fall. In the valley of Kashmir, winter is chilling cold and lasts from November to March. Warmer weather starts in the middle of March and lasts till the end of July, but at this period of the year there is a lot of rain leading to landslides. From October onwards, Jammu becomes a much more pleasant destination. However, the best time to enjoy the beautiful valley of Kashmir. FESTIVALS OF JAMMU & KASHMIR : FESTIVALS OF JAMMU & KASHMIR The popular Parsi Navroz festival is celebrated with great fanfare in the State. It comes a week after the New Year day. The Urs (or Ziarats) is a typical Kashmiri festival. It is held annually at the shrines of Muslim saints on their death anniversaries. Muslim festivals which are celebrated nationally include Shab-i Mairaj which is followed by Shab-i-Barat. Another Muslim festival of this area is Ramzan. During the month of Ramzan, Muslims abstain from eating or drinking during the day. The Muslim festival, Muharram, marks the martyrdom of Imam Hussain, the prophet's grandson. Huge taziyas made of paper and wood are taken out in procession. OCCUPATION OF JAMMU & KASHMIR : OCCUPATION OF JAMMU & KASHMIR Most of the Kashmiri people work on farms.Much of the farmland is under intense cultivation, producing corn, wheat, rice and saffron amongst other crops. Fruit and nuts are also produced in quantities including pears, apples and walnuts. CLOTHING OF JAMMU & KASHMIR : CLOTHING OF JAMMU & KASHMIR As far as the clothing is concerned the phiran is a commonly worn garment. It is a gown usually made of wool and has a lot of embroidery work done on it. These gowns are decorated with colorful floral motifs and designs. Kashmir is very popular for its Pashmina shawls. These shawls are made from the traditional woolen textile. This woolen textile is obtained from the mountain goat. These shawls have intricate thread work done on them. These shawls have work done on both the sides. Kashmiri embroidery is called kasida. The Kashmiri stoles are very popular. Many Kashmiri women who follow Islam wear the abaya. Kashmir Hub offers you details of the type of clothes and jewelry worn by the people of Kashmir. TEXTILES IN JAMMU & KASHMIR : TEXTILES IN JAMMU & KASHMIR The state of Jammu and Kashmir is blessed with serene beauty and its unique art and craft. As you step down to this valley you will notice different kinds of crafts one of which is textiles which is most prominent. Embroidery work on the shawls and the cloths of Kashmiri people are very mesmerizing. The other crafts prevailing in Kashmir are the magic in wood works, steel wares, Papier-mache and weaving kani shawls etc. HIMACHAL PRADESH : HIMACHAL PRADESH CLIMATE OF HIMACHAL PRADESH : CLIMATE OF HIMACHAL PRADESH Nestled in the foothills of the mighty Himalayas, the state of Himachal Pradesh is a traveler’s paradise located in the North-Western part of India. Blessed with some of the most spectacular landscapes, Himachal Pradesh is one of the premier tourist destinations in the country, and the state receives a good tourist influx every year. FESTIVALS OF HIMACHAL PRADESH : FESTIVALS OF HIMACHAL PRADESH Himachal Pradesh is a land of simple and religious people. The people lead a colourful life here with the fairs and festivals adding to their jest. The festivals sometimes mark the beginning of seasons. Many Sikh festivals like Baisakhi and Lohri are also celebrated largely here and the tribals have their own festivals here. Pori Festival The festival is celebrated in Lahaul with remarkable jest. A proper tradition of worshipping where the idol of lord Triloknath is bathed in milk and yogurt, the conchshells ring, and many other rituals are performed, and none is without reason. Phulaich Locally known by the name of 'Ookayand ', meaning the festival of flowers, Phulaich is mainly celebrated in Kinnaur district. On the 16th day of the month of September. OCCUPATION OF HIMACHAL PRADESH : OCCUPATION OF HIMACHAL PRADESH The mainstay of the people of Himachal Pradesh is agriculture on which 66.71% population depends for their livelihood. Due to ideal climate for fruit cultivation, horticulture and vegetable growing (seasonal as well as off-season), well-diversified farm economy has developed rapidly during the past three decades. TEXTILE OF HIMACHAL PRADESH : TEXTILE OF HIMACHAL PRADESH Exquisite examples of needle painting, the rumals (large handkerchiefs) of Chamba have long been famous for their unusual beauty, and as symbols and omens of goodwill. Weddings in the hills and valleys around Chamba are still not complete without an exchange of Chamba rumals. PUNJAB : PUNJAB CLIMATE IN PUNJAB : CLIMATE IN PUNJAB Punjab is situated in the North-Eastern part of India. The Punjab Climate is determined by the extreme hot and extreme cold conditions. Punjab Climate comprises of three seasons. They are the summer months that spans from mid April to the end of June. The rainy season in Punjab is from the months of early July to end of September. The winter season in Punjab is experienced during the months of early December to the end of February. The transitional Seasons in Punjab are the post monsoon season and the post winter season. FESTIVALS OF PUNJAB : FESTIVALS OF PUNJAB The festivals of Punjab are celebrated with much pomp and glory and it involves a huge fanfare. Some of the popular Punjab Festivals are: Lohri – one of the most popular festivals of the state of Punjab. The Lohri festival is actually celebrated as the harvest festival in Punjab. The festival is marked with songs, dance and bonfires. Holi – like the rest of the country, the festival of Holi is celebrated in Punjab with the same exuberance. Deepavali – the festival of light is observed in Punjab with the same fervor as the rest of the country. The people burst crackers, wear new clothes and light fireworks and lamps. Idd-Ul-Fitr – celebrated at the end of the Muslim month of fasting or the Ramzan, Idd Ul Fitr in Punjab is marked with people offering their prayers and exchanging gifts and delicacies with their families and friends. Dusshera – one of the greatest festivals of the state, the Dusshera festival in Punjab is observed with great enthusiasm. OCCUPATION IN PUNJAB : OCCUPATION IN PUNJAB The economy of Punjab is characterized by a productive, increasingly commercial agriculture, a diversity of small- and medium-scale industries, and the highest per capital income in the nation. Wheat and cotton are the principal crops. Live- stock and poultry are also raised in large numbers. Industries with the largest number of workers include cotton, woollen and silk textiles, metal products and machinery, food and beverages, and transport equipment and parts. Others: hosiery, bicycles, sewing machines, and sporting goods. CLOTHING OF PUNJAB : CLOTHING OF PUNJAB Women's Clothing Punjabi girls and women wear salwar kameez's with bright colored duppattas. A salwar kameez has two pieces of cloths: the kameez, or shirt or top piece, and the salwar, or pants or bottom piece. A duppatta is a piece of colorful cloth that women wear around their necks. Men's Clothing Men and boys generally wear loose pants or slacks with a collared shirt or t-shirt. Some males also wear the kurta pajama, an Indian shirt and pant outfit, especially the Punjabi farmer. On their head, many Sikhs also wear puggs, or turbans. TEXTILE OF PUNJAB : TEXTILE OF PUNJAB The rich agricultural states of Punjab and Haryana are famous for the phulkari (flower work) shawls, that worn with a tight fitting choli and gaghra, formed the traditional costume of rural women of this region. It was a costume both spectacular and eminently practical. Phulkaris were made for everyday wear. Usually the border and field of the shawl were not so densely embroidered, with much of the ground cloth exposed. For ceremonial occasions, however, a special kind of phulkari known as a bagh (garden) was made, in which the whole of the ground was covered with embroidery, so that the base cloth was not visible at all. UTTRAKHAND : UTTRAKHAND FESTIVALS OF UTTRAKHAND : FESTIVALS OF UTTRAKHAND The fairs and folk festivals of Uttaranchal are very colourful and distinctive, and are the blend of various natural, social and cultural factors. The people of Uttaranchal also celebrate all the major Indian festivals. Basant Panchami, Bhitauli, Harela, Phooldei, Batsavitri, Ganga Dusshera, Dikar Puja, Olgi or Ghee Sankranti, Khatarua, Ghuian Ekadashi and Ghughutia are some of the major festivals of Uttaranchal. OCCUPATION IN UTTRAKHAND : OCCUPATION IN UTTRAKHAND Uttaranchal is an agrarian state. About 80% of the population of the state is dependent on agriculture for its livelihood. 12% of the available land is irrigated and 64% are fed by natural springs. The major crops produced in the state include Rice, Wheat, Barley, Corn, Mandua, Hangora etc. The state is a major supplier of fruits like Apple, Leachy, Pulam, Naashpati, and Maalta etc. TEXTILES IN UTTRAKHAND : TEXTILES IN UTTRAKHAND According to the general use in Uttranchal, the fibers could be classified into the textile fibers used in the manufacture of textiles, including fabrics, netting and cordage; the brush fibers which are hard and used for making brushes, brooms and the like; Plaiting and weaving fibers which is again hard used in weaving straw hats, mats, baskets, chair seats, chairs and other forms of wicker work; filling fibers for stuffing purposes; and paper making fibers chiefly of wood fibers of various types including bamboo. HARYANA : HARYANA CLIMATE OF HARYANA : CLIMATE OF HARYANA Climate of Haryana is similar to other states of India lying in the northern plains. Haryana can be divided into two natural areas, sub-Himalayan terrain and the Indo-Gangetic plain. The south-west of Haryana is dry, sandy and barren. There are no perennial rivers in Haryana, Ghaggar being the only river, which flows through the northern fringes of the state. Haryana is very hot in summer and cold in winters. The temperature falls to the lowest in January and reaches upto 50o C during the months of May and June. FESTIVALS OF HARYANA : FESTIVALS OF HARYANA Diwali In Haryana Diwali is celebrated with great enthusiasm. It comes in the middle of the month of Karthik. Dusshera Dussera is probably the chief Hindu festival, being associated with the great Epic Ramayana and its renowned hero, Rama. Holi Holi is celebrated with considerable zest, particularly in the area bordering Uttar Pradesh. Gugga Naumi This is a religious festival, celebrated all over Haryana. It is connected with snake-worship and observed in August-September. OCCUPATION IN HARYANA : OCCUPATION IN HARYANA Agriculture is the main occupation of the people of Haryana. About 70% of the population is depended upon agriculture for their livelihood. Haryana is self-sufficient in food grains production and one of the top contributors of food grains to the Central pool. It contributes 40 to 45 lakh tonnes of food grains to the Central pool which is the second largest. The world famous Basmati rice produced in Haryana finds an easy market abroad. The state of Haryana has a geographical area of 44.20 lakh hectare. About 86% of the geographical area is cultivable, of which 96% has already been brought under plough. About 75% of the cultivated area in the state is irrigated, wherein the contribution of tube wells / pumping sets is about 50%. The cropping intensity in the state is nearly 170%. CLOTHING IN HARYANA : CLOTHING IN HARYANA The dress of the people is generally simple. It consists of a dhoti, shirt, turban and a pair of shoes. A blanket or chaddar serves as wrapper. The turban has a different style for a Jat, an Ahir, a Rajput, a Bania or a Brahman. There is also difference in the dress of various communities particularly among women. A Jat woman's full dress, thel, consist of ghaggri, shirt and a printed orhni. The Ahir woman can always be recognized by her lehenga or peticoat, angia. It is usually red or yellow, decorated with bosses and fringes, with a fall. The Rajput woman's dress is similar to that of an Ahir woman. The dhotis and saris are the favourite items of dress among Brahmans and Aggarwal women. A Gujjar woman can be known at once from the blue clothes and a Chamar from her red clothes. TEXTILE IN HARYANA : TEXTILE IN HARYANA Haryana has some interesting handicrafts on offer including pottery making, handloom, woven furniture, artistic pottery, and woodcarving. Handloom Haryana boasts of a robust handloom tradition, especially in Panipat and an equally vibrant handicraft tradition. Panipat is a major textile town of India famous for its rugs and upholstery fabric. Traditionally women would weave durries (rugs) and khes (thick coverlets) for household use whenever they would be free from agricultural and household work. DELHI : DELHI CLIMATE OF DELHI : CLIMATE OF DELHI The air of Delhi in itself carries a different aroma. Round the year, in every season, the state enjoys seasonal extremities, that offers every tourist a different experience; the chilly winds reminds one of the Himalayan snow clad hills whereas the hot breezes takes one to undulating dunes of Rajasthan. Amazing, isn't it? In other words, Delhi has a semi-arid climate with high variation between summer and winter temperatures. LIFESTYLE OF DELHI : LIFESTYLE OF DELHI Delhi shares its borders with Haryana, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh and Punjab, which influence the life-styles and language of the people. They are extremely receptive to modern ideas, inventions and the fantasies of the modern social ethos. People belonging to various religious sects, castes and lingual groups live marvelously with each other, with their socio-economic status taking a back seat. Durga Puja in Delhi celebrated with same enthusiasm as Iid is celebrated. The Guru Purab and Christmas carry the same colour as Dewali or Buddha Purnima. The amalgamation of various cultures, traditions, religions has painted Delhi in colour which are brought from all over India. Today Delhi is a crowded and extremely polluted modern city, which has ancient, crumbling structures cropping up unexpectedly in every area. The city has been attracting its fare share of industrial development in the last two decades, with an influx of technocrats, specialists and fortune seekers to match. In a heady atmosphere of optimism, around 9000 new industrial units sprang up every year during the 1990s. Despite this new-found affluence, a staggering third of the city's population lives in the notorious jhuggies - slums often seen clinging to the edge of new developments. DELHI : DELHI UTTAR PRADESH : UTTAR PRADESH CLIMATE IN UTTAR PRADESH : CLIMATE IN UTTAR PRADESH The climate of Uttar Pradesh varies from Temperate in Eastern Uttar Pradesh to Extreme in Western UP to Semi Arid in Bundelkhand and Agra zone. Therefore it is extremely difficult to categorize it a particular climatic frame. Nevertheless, summers are very hot and winters are bit chilly. FESTIVALS OF UTTAR PRADESH : FESTIVALS OF UTTAR PRADESH There as many as 40 festivals which are performed with gaiety and complete communal harmony. Sheetla Ashtami, Raksha Bandhan, Vaishakhi Purnima, Ganga Dashahara, Naag Panchami, Krishna Janmashtami, Ram Navami, Ganesha Chaturthi, Vijaya Dashmi, Deepawali, Kartik Purnima, Makar Sankranti, Vasant Panchami, Shivaratri and Holi are the main festivals of the Hindus. I'd, Moharram, Bakr-I'd, Barawafat and Shab-e-Barat are the major Muslim festivals. New Year’s Day, Good-Friday, Easter and Christmas are the prominent festivals of the Christians. Buddha Purnima for Buddhists, Mahavir Jayanti for Jains, the birthday of Guru Nanak, Martyr's day of Guru Teg Bahadur and Vaishakhi are also the other famous festivals. About 2,250 fairs are held every year in Uttar Pradesh. KARVACHAUTH SANKRANT FESTIVALS OF UTTAR PRADESH : FESTIVALS OF UTTAR PRADESH The Kumbh and the Ardh Kumbh These fairs are held periodically, every twelve and six years in Haridwar where a large number of pilgrims and devotees get together to, commemorate the churning of the ocean by the Devas (Gods) and Asuras (Demons) to obtain nector (Amrit). When the coveted Kumbh (jar) of nectar was obtained, one of the Devas stopped at four places viz. Haridwar, Prayag, Nasik and Ujjain before he finally arrived safely at heaven. A few drops of this nectar are supposed to have spilled in the water in these four places. Sages, saints and pilgrims started periodically to flock to these Tirths to celebrate this divine event by taking dips in the holy rivers. It is a unique event that blends religious and social features of Indian society. OCCUPATION OF UTTAR PRADESH : OCCUPATION OF UTTAR PRADESH Uttar Pradesh is a major contributor to the national food grain stock. Partly this is due to the fertile regions of the Indo-Gangetic plain and partly owing to irrigation measures such as the Ganga Canal and tube-wells. Lakhimpur Kheri is a densely populated sugar producing district in the country. It is also home to 78% of national livestock population. It has been the most common producer of food grains in India since the 1950s due to high-yielding varieties of seed, greater availability of fertilizers and increased use of irrigation. Uttar Pradesh supports about 15% of the India's total livestock population. CLOTHING IN UTTAR PRADESH : CLOTHING IN UTTAR PRADESH As far as costumes of Uttar Pradesh are concerned, sarees are still popular among its women at large. In fact, sarees and salwar-kameej are generally worn by women all over India, and are the traditional dresses of the country . Benarasi sarees are an exquisite creation and are generally worn in east India in formal occasions like marriages. Salwars, a long skirt reaching below the knees, along with pyjamas or lungis, is also a common costume in the state, and also all over the country. The male among the Muslim population of Uttar Pradesh prefer the kurta or a shirt as the upper garment, complemented by a lungi or pyjama as the lower garment. TEXTILE OF UTTAR PRADESH : TEXTILE OF UTTAR PRADESH The cut work of Banaras is a cotton inlay in cotton developed for furnishings, especially drapes, where it helps cut down the glare of the mid-ay sun. Extremely popular with the urban consumer, the design repertoire covers geometric, floral, and paisley patterns. The technique is suitable to light and transparent fabrics and the motifs are formed with extra weft threads which hang loosely at the back. After weaving these threads are cut away. Slide 49: CONCLUSION India has a rich & varied textile heritage. Traditional clothes are still worn in most rural India urban India is changing rapidly, with international fashion trends. Before masters weavers was recognised for his skills,today fashion designers is known for his or her creativity. The fusion of fashion can be seen on the streets & ramps of fashionable cities of India. Fashion in India has become a growing industry with international events such as India Fashion Week & annual shows by fashion designers in the major cities. Fashion in India covers a whole range of clothing from ornate clothes designed for wedding ceremonies to sports wear & casual wear. Traditional embroideries have been used by Indian designers to create indowestern. Slide 50: THANK YOU