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Soft Tissue by N. A. Akamike(a science-based fictitious novel) : 

Soft Tissue by N. A. Akamike(a science-based fictitious novel) 1

Potential Cancer Causing Source: : 

Potential Cancer Causing Source: 1) Chemicals: Pharmaceuticals, Industrial Chemicals 2) Diet 3) Environmental factors 4) Life Style (tobacco, alcohol, medication) 5) Genetics 6) Obesity 2

UNIVERSAL THERMODYNAMIC EQUILIBRIUM : 

UNIVERSAL THERMODYNAMIC EQUILIBRIUM The energy of the universe is in Constant disorder, entropy. The universe attempts to achieve a state of thermodynamic equilibrium. It is this state of increased entropy (disorder) that enables the system to function, providing the energy for molecular transformation 3

The Universe : 

The Universe 4 uu Sun Sun Sun Sun Humans Carbon dioxide Oxygen Ozone Ozone Universe Ecosystem Plants Human Plants UV RAYS UV RAYS

Homeostasis(Biochemical) : 

Homeostasis(Biochemical) 5

HOMEOSTASIS CONTROLS : 

HOMEOSTASIS CONTROLS 6

Types Of Cholesterol : 

Types Of Cholesterol 7

Three Ways To Regulate Cholesterol metabolism : 

Three Ways To Regulate Cholesterol metabolism 1) the activity of HMG-CoA reductase 2) the rate of LDL receptor synthesis 3) the rate of esterification of cholesterol by ACAT (acetyl-CoA cholesterol acetyltransferase) to form cholesteryl esters 4) ‘STATIN’ DRUGS 8

Slide 9: 

9 Acetyl-CoA“The Grand Central Station Of Metabolism” Carbohydrate Glycolysis Pyruvic Acid Acetyl-CoA Proteins Amino Acid Fats & Lipids Fatty Acid Spiral Kreb Cycle (citric acid cycle Lipogenesis

Slide 10: 

10 Feed-back Inhibition Acetyl-CoA HMG-CoA HMG-CoA Reductase Mevalonate Cholesterol Bile Acid Sex/Steroid hormones Vitamin D Feed-back Inhibition Liver

Stages in Feedback mechanism : 

Stages in Feedback mechanism Cholesterol is synthesized from Acetyl-CoA LDL transports cholesterol from the liver (packaged as VLDL –very low density lipoprotein- to enter the blood stream. VLDL gradually becomes IDL-intermediate density lipoprotein) and LDL-low density lipoprotein) as they circulate Surplus cholesterol is esterified, transported to the liver via HDL, where it is disposed of in the form of bile acids, secreted into the small intestine. Exogenous cholesterol are received by the peripheral tissues by LDL-receptor-mediated endocytosis. Synthesis from acetyl-CoA is suppressed by dietary cholesterol Dietary cholesterol is transported from the intestine by chylomicrons. 11

The Control Mechanism : 

The Control Mechanism Long-term feed-back control of the amount of enzyme present in the cell: When LDL-cholesterol or mevalonate level fall, the level of HMG-CoA reductase can rise as much as 200 folds, due to an increase in enzyme synthesis combined with a decrease in its degradation. This effect is readily reversible 12

High Blood Cholesterol(Hypercholesterolemia) : 

High Blood Cholesterol(Hypercholesterolemia) Results from overproduction and/or underutilization of LDL Caused by two irregularities 1) genetic disease familial hypercholesterolemia. They lack LDL receptor protein 2) the consumption of high cholesterol diet. 13

Some Cholesterol Products : 

Some Cholesterol Products (No Cholesterol, No Sex Hormones) Androgen (male hormones) Progesterone Testosterone (female hormones) Estrogen Estradiol – predominant before menopause Estrone – predominant after menopause Estriol – predominant during pregnancy Vitamin D 14

Estrogen Hormone Based Drugs : 

Estrogen Hormone Based Drugs Over 30 Contraceptive pills in the market 2) RU-486 (morning after) 3) Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) Note: Women taking combinations of estrogen and progesterone seem to have greater risk of breast cancer than women taking estrogen alone. Some women who take the contraceptive pill have a higher risk of developing cancer. 15

Contraceptives/HRT(Risk) : 

Contraceptives/HRT(Risk) Blood Clot Stroke Heart Attacks Breast Cancer Venous thromboembolism (VTE) Worsen Diabetes – increases glucose levels, decreases insulin response Gall Bladder disease (gallstones) – bile becomes oversaturated with cholesterol 16

Soft Tissue: Main Points : 

Soft Tissue: Main Points 1) Blood Clot * Drugs that dissolve blot clot: tPA (tissue plasminogen activator) * Anticlotting drug: Heparin, aspirin 2) Blood-oxygen Deprivation 17

Blood Clot : 

Blood Clot 18 Cholesterol (endogenous) (exogenous) Vascular System (blood stream) Narrows Artery Blood Clot Deposit Thickening of artery Atherosclerosis Atheromas

Oxygen Deprivation : 

Oxygen Deprivation Two Common Causes Of Human Death (especially in the industrialized western world): A) Myocardial Infarction (heart attack) B) Stroke (interruption of blood-oxygen supply to a portion of the heart or the brain respectively.) 19

Cancer : 

Cancer 1) Body is made up of different types of cells 2) Misreading of the genetic instructions in the cell mechanisms causes uncontrollable cell division 3) Cells proliferate, form lumps, grow own blood vessels 4) That’s CANCER (neoplasm – any new or abnormal overgrowth of cellular tissue, cellular tumor) Biochemically the body is organized to near perfection. 20

Breast Cancer (a hormone dependent cancer) : 

Breast Cancer (a hormone dependent cancer) 1) Increased level of sex hormones exert exponential activity on their target organs, in this case, the breast. OBESITY – excessive storage of fat. 21 Androgen Estrogen Aromatase Increase in aromatase means increase in estrogen formation. Fact: Obese women have more adipose tissue, fat deposit, therefore more aromatase. ANTI-ESTROGEN THERAPY

HER2 Gene(Human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2) : 

HER2 Gene(Human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2) In breast cancer, tumors express the human epidermal growth factor type 2 gene (HER2) HER-2 positive (promotes the growth of cancer cells). BRCA 1, BRCA 2 (a pair of genes in breast cancer) [Lumpectomy – saves your natural breast), a breast conserving surgery] [Mastectomy – radical removal of the entire breast] 22

Prostaglandin And Thromboxane(in the stomach) : 

Prostaglandin And Thromboxane(in the stomach) Prostaglandin protects the stomach lining from corrosion from the acidic stomach medium (Aspirin, an antiplatelet, prevents blot clot) Thromboxane stimulates the coagulation of blood (vitamin K enables blood to clot otherwise open wounds will bleed forever) 23

DO THE ‘BLOOD CLOT’ MATH : 

DO THE ‘BLOOD CLOT’ MATH If blood clot (B) causes stroke (S), and Blood clot is the cause of oxygen deprivation (D); therefore, oxygen deprivation is the cause of stroke: FOR B, D, and S B = S B = D Therefore, D = S FOOTNOTE: [MY MOTHER PROTECTED, NOURISHED AND SUPPORTED ME IN THE COMFORT OF HER WOMB FOR 9 MONTHS. AFTER I FORCED MYSELF OUT OF HER WOMB IT WAS ONLY FAIR THAT SHE FED ME WITH HER MILK UNTIL I COULD EAT ON MY OWN.] 24

Book signing @ Barnes & Noble Roseville : 

Book signing @ Barnes & Noble Roseville 25