glass

glass! : 

glass! Manoj puri goswami IC-289 TY B.sc

Introduction : 

Introduction This presentation focuses on glass. It is designed to interpret the potential impacts of the processes associated with glass.

Natural Resources : 

Natural Resources Silica sand 72% Soda Ash 17% Lime 5% 72% 17% 5% 6%

Manufacturing Process of Glass : 

Manufacturing Process of Glass Glass making historical development Today’s glass making process Impacts of glass manufacturing process

Historical Glass Manufacturing process: : 

Historical Glass Manufacturing process: Historical method: heating and blowing shape the glass products by hand requires high skills & is time consuming therefore using glass is considered as luxury in our old world

Today’s Glass Manufacturing Process: : 

Today’s Glass Manufacturing Process: Silica sand, limestone, soda ash and cullet (recycled glass or broken glass) are keep dry and cool in a batcher house in silos or compartments Mixing and weighting into proper proportion Send to furnaces in hoppers operated by natural gas heat the mixture at 1300-1600 degrees Celsius into soften or molten state Fig.12 www.glassforever.co.uk/howisglassmade/

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4. Molding --- molten glass flows to forming machine to mold into desire shapes 5. Annealing lehrs --- reheating the glass in an oven to ensure even cooling of glass for strengthening of the products 6. Cooling process --- Cool for 30 min to an hour for safe to handle. 7. Glass products are then decorated, inspected again and finally packaged and shipped to our customers. glass furnace cooling systems

Development of Glass Making : 

Development of Glass Making First automated bottle machine was created in 1905 Nowadays, most of the glass containers are manufactured by technological machines at large, automated factories & control by computers cheaper and better in quality A Float glass Plant

Finally, we will discuss the Disposal of Glass : 

Finally, we will discuss the Disposal of Glass

Landfill : 

Landfill If people dump useless glass into the garbage and mix it with other rubbish, it will be treated as regular waste Regular waste will then dump into waste dumping site or use for landfill Glass waste will finally break down and decay into sand form naturally under erosion or weathering and once again return to our ecosystem.

Virtification : 

Virtification Definition: a new technology has been discovered to use recycle glass for radioactive waste management Process: melt glass together with radioactive waste in barrels or some other container glass will then bind up with radioactive contamination into a huge glass block radioactive waste is bond by the glass and become immobilized keep radioactive waste from interacting with water, stop spreading the waste Fig. 20 www.vitrification.com/ vitrification.htm

Recycling of Glass : 

Recycling of Glass Recycle of glass is mostly used for packaging Recycle process

History of Human Using Glass: : 

History of Human Using Glass: People have used glass dating back to 5000 B.C Ancient Egypt: earliest use of glass, for royalty and priest as luxuries Usually use as containers or for decoration purposes in human history

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Thank You