Pa+¦+¦-üs-üstra University of Cambodia

Paññāsāstra University of Cambodia : 

Paññāsāstra University of Cambodia Environmental Science Cambodia's people perception on climate change Room: Prasat Keo Prepared by: Group 6 1. PHON Chanthorn 2. IM Kimsraun 3. KONG Nikum Leturer : SEM Sopheak 1

Table of Contents: 

Table of Contents Introduction Objectives Methodology Result and discussion 1. To explore Cambodian knowledge and perceptions on climate change 1.1 . Experiencing changes in the weather and environment 1.1.1. Extreme weather events 1.1.2. How information helped people to prepare for extreme weather 1.1.3. Changes in the weather 1.1.4. Changes in the environment 1.2 . Knowledge and understanding of ‘climate change’ 1.2.1 . Climate change terminology 1.2.2 . Sources of information on climate change terminology 2

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2 . To identify the ways in which Cambodians explain the causes of their changing weather, and the impact that such changes have on their lives 2.1 Understanding the Causes of Climate Change 2.2 . Weather change and human activity 2.3 . Understanding the impacts of climate change 2.4. How does climate change affect health? 2.5. Concerns about the changing weather and environment 3. To investigate the barriers to responding to climate change among individuals and communities and within local, provincial and national government 3.1. How do Cambodians think they can respond? 3.2. What are Cambodians already doing to respond? 3.3. Community responses to the changing weather 3.4. How people would respond to the impact on their work 3.5. Levels of self-efficacy and collective efficacy in responding to climate change 3.6. Positive perceptions of capacity to respond to climate change 3.7. Resources needed to help people cope 3.8. Who is responding to climate change? 3

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3.8.1. Knowledge of individual and organizational responses 3.8.2. Responsibility 3.8.3. Role of the Royal Government of Cambodia 4 . To assess respondents’ media consumption patterns 4.1 . Sources of information 4.2 . Trusted information sources 4.3. Media consumption 4.3.1. Radio stations 4.3.3. TV habits 4.3.5. TV channels 4.3.6. Internet uses V. Conclusion VI. Recommendation VII. References 4

I. Introduction: 

I. Introduction Climate change is happening and it is caused largely by human activity. Its impacts are beginning to be felt and will worsen in the decades ahead unless we take action. The solution to climate change will involve a broad array of technologies and policies—many tried and true, and many new and innovative. To address the enormous challenge of climate change successfully, new approaches are needed at the federal and international levels, and the United States must stay engaged in the global effort while adopting strong and effective national policies. Anyway, Cambodian’s Ministry of Environment had a project to explore how Cambodian people know and understand on climate change which is the important topic that Cambodia should have done. 5

II. Objectives : 

II. Objectives The objectives of the study are: To explore Cambodian knowledge and perceptions of climate change. To identify the ways in which Cambodians explain the causes of their changing weather, and the impact that such changes have on their lives. To investigate the barriers to responding to climate change among individuals and communities and within local, provincial and national government. To assess respondents’ media consumption patterns and preferences. 6

III. Methodologies : 

III. Methodologies The information and data are gotten from the Understanding Public Perceptions of Climate Change in Cambodia book, which is the study of Cambodian Ministry of Environment supported by Oxfam, Danida and UNDP Cambodia for financial and technology throughout the conduct of the Knowledge, Attitude and Practices (KAP) study. 7

IV. Result and Discussion: 

IV. Result and Discussion There are different ways to know about climate change. One is to understand the science: those human activities such as: 1) burning of fossil fuels for energy, are increasing the amount of heat-trapping gases in the atmosphere. B. Another is to experience it first hand : 1 ) To witness over a lifetime, changes in rainfall patterns that affect the harvest 2) To suffer from increased droughts, floods and other climatic disasters that can wipe out comes and crops . However , as the projected impacts of climate change become reality, Cambodians will experience those impacts at first hand. This being the case, it will be important to understand how Cambodians have experienced weather changes including extreme events, how they explain them and how they think they can prepare for and respond to them. 8

1. To explore Cambodian knowledge and perceptions on climate change 1.1. Experiencing changes in the weather and environment : 

1. To explore Cambodian knowledge and perceptions on climate change 1.1. Experiencing changes in the weather and environment Cambodians say that their weather and environment are changing, that extreme weather events are more frequent and more intense than they once were, that temperatures have increased and that rain patterns and seasons have changed. Cambodians appear to understand ‘climate change’ in the context of these localized changes in weather, rather than as global climate change. 9

1.1.1 Extreme weather events : 

1.1.1 Extreme weather events 10

1.1.2. How information helped people to prepare for extreme weather : 

1.1.2. How information helped people to prepare for extreme weather 11

1.1.3. Changes in the weather : 

1.1.3. Changes in the weather what do they experience changing in the weather? 12

1.1.4. Changes in the environment : 

1.1.4. Changes in the environment 13

1.2. Knowledge and understanding of ‘climate change’ 1.2.1. Climate change terminology : 

1.2. Knowledge and understanding of ‘climate change’ 1.2.1 . Climate change terminology 14

1.2.2. Sources of information on climate change terminology : 

1.2.2. Sources of information on climate change terminology 15

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2. To identify the ways in which Cambodians explain the causes of their changing weather, and the impact that such changes have on their lives what do people think causes the weather patterns to change in Cambodia? Deforestation (67%) Pollution by industry (18%) Driving cars and other vehicles (11%) Using fossil fuels (7%) Nature (7%) Human activities (4%) Burning rubbish (2%) Don’t know (29%) 2.1 Understanding the Causes of Climate Change 16

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2.2 Weather change and human activity: 

2.2 Weather change and human activity How do their actions contribute to climate change? Using machines (44%) Cutting wood for cooking (40%) Burning waste (37%) Cooking (27%) Using chemicals (16%) Agriculture (11%) 19

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2.3. Understanding the impacts of climate change: 

2.3. Understanding the impacts of climate change Do they think climate change affects Cambodia now? - 98% of those respondents say Yes - 1% of those respondents say No - 1% of those respondents say Don’t know Do they think climate change will affect Cambodia in the future? - 75% say Yes - 3% say No - 22% say Don’t know 21

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2.4. How does climate change affect health?: 

2.4. How does climate change affect health? 24

2.5. Concerns about the changing weather and environment: 

2.5. Concerns about the changing weather and environment 25

3. To investigate the barriers to responding to climate change among individuals and communities and within local, provincial and national government.: 

3 . To investigate the barriers to responding to climate change among individuals and communities and within local, provincial and national government. More than a quarter of Cambodians say they do not know how to respond to the changing weather, and a significant number say there is nothing they can do to respond . The youngest people (15-24) are significantly more positive than other groups on every measure of individual and community capacity to respond to the changing weather . 26

3.1 How do Cambodians think they can respond?: 

3.1 How do Cambodians think they can respond? 27

3.2. What are Cambodian already doing to respond?: 

3.2. What are Cambodian already doing to respond? 28

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Almost three quarters (73%) of people say they or members of their family have done something to respond already. Just over half (55%) of people say that their communities have already begun to respond. In urban areas, a higher proportion of people (76%) than in rural areas (71%) say they or a family member has already done something to respond to the changing weather . In Mountain areas, more people than in other regions say that they have seen family members (78%) and their community (66%) taking action. Among those with lower levels of education (37% with no schooling) and the lower PPI groups (31% from the ‘poorest’) more people say that they have not seen anyone in their family take action to respond to the changing weather. 29

3.3. Community responses to the changing weather: 

3.3. Community responses to the changing weather 30

3.4. How people would respond to the impact on their work: 

3.4. How people would respond to the impact on their work 31

3.5. Positive perceptions of capacity to respond to climate change: 

youngest people (15-24) are significantly more positive than other age groups to respond to the changing weather. working youth (35%) and more non-university students (45%) think that their community is able to respond. More urban respondents can find the information they need and think their communities have the resources to respond , and the same as Tonle Sap and Mountain regions . Mountain region respondents think that their communities can respond to droughts and floods, and that their community is able to respond to changes in the weather more generally. 3.5. Positive perceptions of capacity to respond to climate change 32

3.6. Resources needed to help people cope: 

Money 25% Tools 18% Government support 12% 5% say they need information And other 5% say they need knowledge in order to respond. 3.7. Who is responding to climate change? 3.7.1 Knowledge of individual and organizational responses Almost no-one knows of any organized response to the changing weather (93% of all respondents) . People are unaware of existing national and local programmers to respond to climate change and are currently making decision without receiving support from any source outside of their immediate communities. 3.6. Resources needed to help people cope 33

3.7.2. Responsibility: 

Responsibility for the climate change response is ascribed to government (35% of all respondents), the Prime Minister (29% of all respondents), NGOs (25% of all respondents). The 10% of mentions are village chiefs Local leaders (16% of all respondents), And the Cambodian people (14% of all respondents). 3.7.2. Responsibility 34

3.7.3. Role of the Royal Government of Cambodia: 

Three-quarters (75%) say that the government can take action to respond to the changing weather When asked to specify ways in which the government can help, respondents say the government can stop deforestation (48%) Give them money (43%) Work on irrigation (30%) and Plant more trees (30%) 3.7.3. Role of the Royal Government of Cambodia 35

4. To assess respondents’ media consumption patterns and preferences: 

In order to understand how to communicate to people on climate change, it is important to understand their media habits , as well as their perceptions of the topic . Having explored the ways in which Cambodian people understand climate change in the sections above, the report will now examine the levels of trust that are placed on a range of information sources. 4. To assess respondents’ media consumption patterns and preferences 36

4.1. Sources of Information: 

4.1. Sources of Information 37

4.2. Media Consumption: 

4.2. Media Consumption 38

4.2.1 Radio Station: 

The top 4 radio stations among Cambodian audiences are: Radio Bayon (all channels) 28% Municipal Radio 103 FM (Phnom Penh) 20% WMC Radio 102 FM (Phnom Penh), Svey Rieng (94.5 FM), Kompong Thom (102.2 FM) 13% Sambok Khmum Radio 105 FM (Phnom Penh) 10% It is important to note that 18% of people cannot remember the name of the station(s) they listen to. 4.2.1 Radio Station 39

4.2.2. TV habits: 

The most popular types of programme are: International TV film series 77% News 76% Concerts and comedy 62% Khmer series 52% Sports programme 38% Song program 23% 4.2.2. TV habits 40

4.2.3. TV Channels: 

The most popular TV channels in Cambodia are:  CTN 74% - urban  Bayon TV (TV 27) 69% - urban  TV5 ( Khemarak Phomin TV) 57% - more rural Then, the following channels all attract a third of TV viewers:  Municipal TV (TV3) 36%  SEA TV 35%  My TV 35% - younger age groups, urban respondents  National TV (TVK) 33%  Khmer TV (CTV9) 32% - more rural Two channels attract substantial numbers, though not as many as those listed above:  Apsara TV (TV11) 25% - more rural  Bayon TV (recent) 14% Almost all TV viewers can remember which channel they watch, unlike radio listeners. 4.2.3. TV Channels 41

4.2.4. Internet Use: 

Very few people have used the internet which 8% of urban residents and 2% of rural areas. Internet users mostly log on in order to: Find information 73% Get news 65% Use email 57% People use the internet: In internet cafes 59% In the office 26% At home 15% 4.2.4. Internet Use 42

5. Conclusion: 

Whether or not they fully understand the phenomenon, key informants are worried that the changing climate is affecting their communities, and that people do not have sufficient information to respond. Although key informants use few emotive terms in their explanations of what climate change means to them, the overwhelming attitude is one of concern. All those charged with communicating on climate change will need support and information so that they can provide a consistent, reliable message on climate change to the Cambodian public. 5. Conclusion 43

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VII. References http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/weather/marine/guide/glossary.html http://celade.cepal.org/khmnis/census/khm2008/ http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/napa/khm01.pdf http://earthtrends.wri.org/pdflibrary/cp/watcou116.pdf http://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/countries/cambodia/index.stm http://progressoutofpoverty.org/ http:// www.indochinaresearch.com / i­trak /reports.php 44

Thanks for Your Attention!: 

Thanks for Your Attention! 45