Vlahs and Aromanians in Balkans

Vlahs and Aromanians – Our Neighbours: 

Vlahs and Aromanians – Our Neighbours Petar Kocovic 8/20/2011

B.C.: 

B.C.

Alexander III of Macedon (20/21 July 356 – 10/11 June 323 BC): 

Alexander III of Macedon (20/21 July 356 – 10/11 June 323 BC) C ommonly known as Alexander the Great (Greek: Μέγας Ἀλέξανδρος, Mégas Aléxandros )

Alexander the Great Empire: 

Alexander the Great Empire

Year 1st: 

Petar Kocovic Year 1 st

VIA EGNATIA: 

VIA EGNATIA

Via Egnatia (Ἐγνατία Ὁδός): 

Via Egnatia ( Ἐγνατία Ὁδός )

All Roads Lead to Rome: 

All Roads Lead to Rome

Via Egnatia: 

Via Egnatia F a cts: Built under Roman Proconsul Gaius Egnatius btw 146-120 B . C . Type: military highway Length: 1,120 km (696 miles/746 Roman miles). Wide: 6 m (19.6 ft) Basic campus: on every 7 - 14 miles Repaired: Justinian I, 6th century Used for 4th Crusade war

Via Egnatia Today: 

Via Egnatia Today Albania Greece

Paul The apostle: 

Paul The apostle

Paul the Apostle – Used Via Egnatia: 

Paul the Apostle – Used Via Egnatia E thnic Jewish, Paul was born a Roman citizen Acts 22:28. "Paul" was part of his three-part Roman name. His given name was Saul (Hebrew: שָׁאוּל, Modern Sha'ul Tiberian Šāʼûl ; "asked for, prayed for"), perhaps after the biblical King Saul, a fellow Benjaminite and the first king of Israel who was replaced by King David, the second king of the united Kingdom of Israel. In Ancient Greek: Σαούλ ( Saul), Σαῦλος ( Saulos ), and Παῦλος ( Paulos ), in Latin Paulus or Paullus , in Hebrew: שאול התרסי‎ Šaʾul HaTarsi (Saul of Tarsus) Jesus called him "Saul” . The earliest biblical reference to his being called "Paul" is recorded in Acts 13:9: "...Saul, who was also called Paul...." All subsequent New Testament verses refer to him as "Paul" or with the appended title "Apostle Paul."

Year 100: 

Petar Kocovic Year 100

Year 200: 

Petar Kocovic Year 200

Diocletian Empire (22 December 244 – 3 December 311): 

Diocletian Empire ( 22 December 244 – 3 December 311 ) Born in Dalmatia Ruled: 284-305 Try to restore R o man Empire

Year 300: 

Petar Kocovic Year 300

Roman Empire during Constantine I Emperor (cca 337): 

Roman Empire during Constantine I Emperor (cca 337) Territories (from left to right): Constantine II, Constans I, D a lmatius, C o nstantinus II. When D a lmatius was killed his theritory was splitted between Constans I and Constantinus II Theritory of C o nstantine II Constantine I ruled (306 – 337)

First Nicean (and Ecumenical) Council (325): 

First Nicean (and Ecumenical) Council (325) Nicea, today Iznik (Turkey)

Nicaean Council 325: 

Nicaean Council 325 The agenda of the synod included: The Arian question regarding the relationship between God the Father and Jesus; i.e. are the Father and Son one in divine purpose only or also one in being The date of celebration of the Paschal/Easter observation The Meletian schism The validity of baptism by heretics The status of the lapsed in the persecution under Licinius

Second Ecumenical Council – Constantinople 381: 

Petar Kocovic Second Ecumenical Council – Constantinople 381 First conflicts between Western and Eastern Christian Church

Year 400: 

Petar Kocovic Year 400

Year 500: 

Petar Kocovic Year 500 Movement of Slavic from Caucasus to Balkans

Jusitinien I (527, Tauresium, close to Skopje, Macedonia-565): 

Jusitinien I (527, Tauresium, close to Skopje, Macedonia-565) Teritories restaured by Justinien

5 years later...: 

5 years later...

Muhammad ibn Abdullah (Mohammad or Mohammed) (ca. 26 April 570, Mecca – 8 June 632): 

Muhammad ibn Abdullah (Mohammad or Mohammed) (ca. 26 April 570 , Mecca – 8 June 632) Mohammad receiving revelations from Saint Angel Gabriel

Year 600: 

Petar Kocovic Year 600

Moved from Mecca to Medina 622-Hijra (568 or 569): 

Moved from Mecca to Medina 622-Hijra (568 or 569)

Year 700: 

Petar Kocovic Year 700

Year 800: 

Petar Kocovic Year 800

Year 900: 

Petar Kocovic Year 900

Year 1000: 

Petar Kocovic Year 1000 Bosnia = 3 rd Serbian territory

Great Schism 1054 (Eastern-Western Christianity): 

Petar Kocovic Great Schism 1054 (Eastern-Western Christianity)

Great Schism from today’s angle: 

Petar Kocovic Great Schism from today’s angle

Year 1100: 

Petar Kocovic Year 1100

Crusade Wars (West against East Christian Civilization): 

Petar Kocovic Crusade Wars (West against East Christian Civilization) First:1095-1099 Crusade of 1101 Second: 1147–1149 Third: 1187–1192 Fourth: 1202–1204

Year 1200: 

Petar Kocovic Year 1200

Year 1300: 

Petar Kocovic Year 1300

Stephen Uroš IV Dušan the Mighty (c. 1308 – 20 December 1355): 

Stephen Uroš IV Dušan the Mighty (c. 1308 – 20 December 1355) Reign: 1331-1346 1355 Tzar od Serbia and Greece

Battle on Kosovo 1389 A.D. Muslim penetration: 

Petar Kocovic Battle on Kosovo 1389 A.D. Muslim penetration

Year 1400: 

Petar Kocovic Year 1400 Turkish ocuppation Muslims

Genghis Kahn (May 31, 1162 – August 25, 1227) : 

Genghis Kahn ( May 31, 1162 – August 25, 1227 )

Genghis Khan Empire during his life: 

Genghis Khan Empire during his life

Mongol Empire (40 milion people): 

Mongol Empire (40 milion people)

Tamerlane (Timur) (1336-1405): 

Tamerlane (Timur) (1336-1405) Born in Sahriszaz, Uzbekistan 1402 attack Anatolia and killed Sultan. Stop Turkish conquesting of Balkans.

Murad II (1404-1451): 

Murad II (1404-1451) 1423: Sultan Murad II launched the major Ottoman onslaught in the Balkans 1431 :Turks took Ioannina 1449: Arta , on the Ionian coast The Turks allowed conquered Albanian clan chiefs to maintain their positions and property, but they had to pay tribute , send their sons to the Turkish court as hostages , and provide the Ottoman army with auxiliary troops .

1453 Sultan Mehmed II forces overran Constantinople and killed last Byzantine Emperor: 

1453 Sultan Mehmed II forces overran C o nstantinople and killed last Byzantine Emperor Mehmed II (1432-1481) el- Fātih , "the Conqueror" Ruller: 1 444 - September 1446, and February 1451 - 1481. At the age of 21, he conquered Constantinople He absorbing its administrative apparatus into the Ottoman state. Mehmet continued his conquests in Asia, with the Anatolian reunification, and in Europe, as far as Belgrade.

Kastrioti clan: 

Kastrioti clan

George Kastrioti (1405-1468): 

George Kastrioti (1405-1468) SKENDERBEG Born in Dibër region. Sultan Murad II took him hostage during his youth and he fought for the Ottoman Empire as a general. In 1443, he deserted the Ottomans during the Battle of Niš and became the ruler of Krujë . In 1444, he organized local leaders into the League of Lezhë , a federation aimed at uniting their forces for war against the Ottomans. M ore than 20 years of war with the Ottomans. In 1451 he recognized himself as a vassal of the Kingdom of Naples through the Treaty of Gaeta, to ensure a protective alliance. Convert to Roman Catholic In 1460–1461, he participated in Italy's civil wars in support of Ferdinand I of Naples. In 1463, he became the chief commander of the crusading forces of Pope Pius II

After Skenderbeg: 

After Skenderbeg Most of the Albanian refugees belonged to the Catholic Church. The Albanians of Italy significantly influenced the Albanian national movement in future centuries, and Albanian Franciscan priests, most of whom were descended from émigrés to Italy, played a significant role in the preservation of Catholicism in Albania's northern regions.

Year 1500: 

Petar Kocovic Year 1500

Year 1600: 

Petar Kocovic Year 1600

1690 - The Great Migration of Serbs: 

Petar Kocovic 1690 - The Great Migration of Serbs 1690 Patriarch Arsenije III Carnojevic, lead 70,000 Serbs to Austro-Hungarian Territories because of Terror of Ottoman Turks over Serbian population on Kosovo and Serbia. He had contract with Austrian king Leopold I about hospitality in Austro-Hungarian Empire

Year 1700: 

Petar Kocovic Year 1700 Austro-Hungarian Empire

Rumelia 1801 = Pashalik of Yaninna: 

Rumelia 1801 = Pashalik of Yaninna

Ali Pasha (1740-1822) of Yannina: 

Ali Pasha (1740-1822) of Yannina Ali was born into a powerful clan in the village Beçisht at the foot of the Këlcyrë mountains near the Albanian town of Tepelenë 1768 : he married the daughter of the wealthy pasha of Delvina , with whom he entered an alliance. 1787 : he was awarded the pashaluk of Trikala in reward for his services at Banat during the Austro-Turkish War (1787–1791). 1788 : he seized control of Ioannina . Ioannina would be his power base for the next 33 years. He took advantage of a weak Ottoman government to expand his territory still further until he gained control of most of Albania, western Greece and the Peloponnese. Ali Pasha could assemble an army of 50,000 men in a matter of two to three days, and could double that number in two to three weeks.

Moskopole (Voskopoje): 

Moskopole (Voskopoje) T he city rose to become the most important center of the Aromanians . Moscopole was a small settlement until the end of the 17th century, but afterwards showed a remarkable financial and cultural development. Some writers have claimed that Moschopolis in its glory days (1730–1760) had as many as 70,000 inhabitants; ... other estimates placed its population closer to 35,000 , realistic is 3,500 Moschopolis was certainly not among the largest Balkan cities of the 18th century".

Moscopole: 

Moscopole Trade: livestock farming , wool processing and carpet manufacturing , metal workers, silver and cooper smiths using materials. During the middle of the 18th century, the city became an important economic center whose influence spread over the boundaries of the Ochrid diocese, and was famous in Ottoman ruled territiroes, Eastern-Orthodox world reaching as far as Austro-Hungary. Until 1769, the town traded on a large scale with renowned European commercial centres of that time, such as Venice, Vienna and Leipzig. A printing press was also operating in Moscopole which was the third one in the of Ottoman Europe after Constantinople and Ohrid. Press produced a total of nineteen books, mainly Services to the Saints but also the Introduction of Grammar by the local scholar Theodore Kavalliotis . M any authors published their works in both the Greek language (which was the language of culture of the Balkans at the time) and Aromanian written in the Greek alphabet. 1770 : the first dictionary of four modern Balkan languages (Greek, Albanian, Vlach / Aromanian and Bulgarian) was published here. Daniel Mоscopolites a Vlach -speaking native priest

Aromanian Language: 

Aromanian Language Aromanian ( limba armãneascã , armãneshce , armãneashti , or vlaçesti ), also known as Macedo -Romanian, Arumanian or Vlach is an Eastern Romance language spoken in Southeastern Europe. Its speakers are called Aromanians or Vlachs (which is an exonym in widespread use to define the communities in the Balkans). It shares many features with modern Romanian, having similar morphology and syntax, as well as a large common vocabulary inherited from Latin. An important source of dissimilarity between Romanian and Aromanian is the adstratum languages: while Romanian has been influenced to a greater extent by the Slavic languages, Aromanian has been more influenced by the Greek language, with which it has been in close contact throughout its history. Comunities: Serbia, Romania, Turkey

Aromanian Language: 

Aromanian Language C o nstitution arround 800. Vulgar Latin splitted in 4 languages: Daco Romanian (Romanian) Aromanian Megleno R o manian Istro-R o manian

Aromanian Language: 

Aromanian Language Future Tense Istro-Romanian Language zone

Moscopole declining: 

Moscopole declining 1769 : sacking and pillaging by Muslim Albanian troops was just the first of a series of attacks 1788: culminat ion with the razing by the troops of Ali Pasha. Moscopole was destroyed by this attack, while some of its commerce shifted to nearby Korçë and Berat . The survivors were thus forced to flee, most of them emigrating mainly to Thessaly and Macedonia Some of the commercial elite moved to Austria-Hungary, ( Vienna and Budapest ) , but also in Transylvania, where they had an important role in the early National awakening of Romania. The city never rose to its earlier status. St Nichols Church - 1721

Ali Pasha: 

A l i P a sha Ali Pasha wanted to establish in the Mediterranean a sea-power In order to gain a seaport on the Albanian coast that was dominated by Venice, Ali formed an alliance with Napoleon I of France who had established François Pouqueville as his general consul in Ioánnina . After the Treaty of Tilsit , where Napoleon granted the Czar his plan to dismantle the Ottoman Empire, Ali switched sides and allied with the Britain in 1807 His actions were permitted by the Ottoman government in Istanbul for a mixture of expediency—it was deemed better to have Ali as a semi-ally than as an enemy—and weakness, as the central government did not have an agenda to oust him at that time. A l i Pasa grave in Ioannina

Niche, ALbania: 

Niche, ALbania

Niche, Albania: 

Niche, Albania In Nicha living 200 people, Orthodox Vlachs . They celebrate Virgin Mary using New Calendar Mihajlo Pupin grand grandfather was Vasile Puppa (Poppa Koza , killed by Turks at the end of 17 century.

Year 1800: 

Petar Kocovic Year 1800

Year 1900: 

Petar Kocovic Year 1900

Albanian Vilayets (1878): 

Albanian Vilayets (1878)