Paragragh Jumbles

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Slide 2: 

PARAGRAPH JUMBLES

METHOD : 

METHOD Idea Grasping Paragraph Structure Reiteration Comparison of Idea and Final Paragraph

TYPES OF PARAGRAPHS : 

TYPES OF PARAGRAPHS Chronological Idea-Explanation/Elaboration Process Analysis Cause and Effect Generic to specific Comparison Analogy Idea Reiteration Question - Answer

NOTES : 

NOTES There is NO need to remember the names of these structures. It is important to be able to recollect the style of writing in each structure instead.

Slide 6: 

PARAGRAPH STRUCTURES

Chronological : 

Chronological A narrative paragraph tells a story of one specific event Chronological - Successive sentences go further in time

Look out for this… : 

Look out for this… Story-like explanation Most fiction is narrative in nature

Chronological: Example : 

Chronological: Example In 1587, Sir Walter Raleigh, an ambitious English adventurer, launched a second colony at Roanoke. The original location of the colony was to be in the Chesapeake Bay area, but unexpected winds caused the ships to veer off course and land at Roanoke Island. Upon their arrival, 118 men and women, under the leadership of John White, built shelters and began to fish and hunt for game. The colonists seemed to thrive in their new home. However, between 1587 and 1590, something mysterious happened to the settlers. When a ship from England arrived at Roanoke in 1590, all of the colonists were gone without a trace. The only clue to the whereabouts of the colonists was a curious inscription etched on a tree: the word “Croatoan.” Since Croatoan was the name of a nearby island, the ship set sail for it. Once there, the sailors sang English songs in a vain attempt to signal them, but no one responded. After an extensive search, the ship returned to England. The fate of the original settlers of Roanoke remains a mystery to this day.

Idea-Explanation/Elaboration : 

Idea-Explanation/Elaboration Used to explain an object, event, person, process, position Express and clarify thoughts and emotions

Look out for this… : 

Look out for this… Example 1: I was lucky The bus driver applied the brakes just a meter or two away from my bicycle. Example 2: It is obvious that you got apprehended by the police You were driving drunk and that is illegal. Description of the above Description of the above

Look out for this… : 

Look out for this… Example 3: "Park" is difficult to define in Florida, because there are so many kinds of parks. Basically, a park is a place to go for outdoor recreation-to swim, picnic, hike, camp, walk the dog, play tennis, paddle your canoe, and, in some places take rides in miniature trains or swish down a waterslide. Example 4: An X is a Y that Z … ex: a dog is a canine that is domesticated

Idea-Explanation: Example : 

Idea-Explanation: Example This family was a victim of a problem they could have avoided-a problem that, according to Florida park rangers, hundreds of visitors suffer each year. "Several times a month," ranger Rod Torres of O'Leno State Park said, "people get scared and leave the park in the middle of the night." Those people picked the wrong kind of park to visit. Not that there was anything wrong with the park: The hikers camped next to them loved the wild isolation of it. But it just wasn't the kind of place the couple from New Jersey had in mind when they decided to camp out on this trip through Florida. If they had known about the different kinds of parks in Florida, they might have stayed in a place they loved.

Idea – Explanation: Example : 

Idea – Explanation: Example This family was a victim of a problem they could have avoided-a problem that, according to Florida park rangers, hundreds of visitors suffer each year. "Several times a month," ranger Rod Torres of O'Leno State Park said, "people get scared and leave the park in the middle of the night." Those people picked the wrong kind of park to visit. Not that there was anything wrong with the park: The hikers camped next to them loved the wild isolation of it. But it just wasn't the kind of place the couple from New Jersey had in mind when they decided to camp out on this trip through Florida. If they had known about the different kinds of parks in Florida, they might have stayed in a place they loved. Description of the above

Process Analysis : 

Process Analysis A process is a series, a sequence, an orderly progression. One step or event follows another

Look Out For This… : 

Look Out For This… Sentences like … “The process involves the following steps” “First we need to X, then we Y, finally we Z” “At 2 we did X, by 3 we had Y, at 4 we were…”

Process Analysis: Example : 

Process Analysis: Example Strawberries are sold in many forms like jam and canned strawberries. There are several steps to make these products. First, in the farm, the strawberries are sorted. After that, the strawberries are delivered to two types of factories, jam factory and canning factory. In jam factory, sugar is added to the strawberries, and then they are boiled and simmered for two hours. Finally, the strawberry jam is put into jars and delivered to bakeries, for making cakes. In canning factories, strawberries are sterilized in order that they won’t become rotten in a couple of months. Finally, they are canned and delivered to shops.

Cause and Effect : 

Cause and Effect Explains the reasons for occurrence of a particular event Look out for… Paragraphs of the form A hence B A causes B A, which thus results in B

Generic to Specific : 

Generic to Specific The paragraph starts with a general idea and goes on to explain a specific event related to the idea.

Examples: : 

Examples: General Idea to Specific Event Drunk driving is dangerous as the driver’s reflexes are affected by alcohol Yesterday alone there were 8 deaths due to drunk driving.

Comparison : 

Comparison Paragraphs compare two or more things/places/people/ideas. They have a common base where they are related but have subtle differences which are highlighted in the paragraph.

Look out for… : 

Look out for… The format A ? B, B being opposite of A The words However But In contrast On the other hand 180 degree Whereas / Where Unlike

Comparison : Example : 

Comparison : Example Forest and river dominate O'Leno State Park. By contrast, Lloyd Beach State Recreation Area, near Fort Lauderdale, is dominated by the oily bodies of sun-worshippers who crowd into it every summer weekend. Where O'Leno gives you so much quiet you can hear the leaves whispering, Lloyd Beach is a place of boisterous activity. You can walk a few yards in O'Leno and pass beyond every sign of human civilization. When you walk at Lloyd Beach, you have to be careful to step over the picnic baskets, umbrellas, jam boxes, and browning bodies. At night, O'Leno wraps itself with the silence of crickets and owls. Lloyd Beach is busy with fishermen till well past midnight. If you want to fish near town, or dive into the busy bustle of an urban beach, Lloyd Beach is the place to go. But if you want to stand at the edge of civilization and look across time into an older natural world, O'Leno is the park to visit.

Analogy/Parallelism : 

Analogy/Parallelism Shows similarity between two events, objects, persons etc… Gives parallel point of view Talks about two or more categories of the same group.

Look out for… : 

Look out for… The words… Likewise Similarly Just as Equally In the same manner

Analogy: Example : 

Analogy: Example The people were divided into two groups due to the idea Category A believed… Category B believed…

Idea Reiteration : 

Idea Reiteration Paragraph Structure : Puts forward a claim Reiterates or justifies with example Example: Deccan Chargers are bound to win the IPL It is a team filled with superstars of cricket.

Question - Answer : 

Question - Answer Paragraph Structure: Puts forward a question Answers the question Example: What is a panda? It is a furry bear which eats bamboo

Let us try a question : 

Let us try a question A. It tells the story of the campaign to repeal the estate tax (what we would call inheritance tax) in the United States, which culminated in the inclusion of the measure in George Bush’s massive taxcutting legislation of 2001. B. Politics of another country’s tax system is unlikely to be of much interest to anyone with any sort of normal life. C. Listening to the ins and outs of other people’s fiscal battles can be like listening to other people’s dreams: interminable and almost completely unreal. D. Death by a Thousand Cuts is something different. (1) BADC (2) BCDA (3) CBAD (4) CABD (5) BACD

Step 1: Idea Grasping : 

Step 1: Idea Grasping Read through the passage one line at a time DO NOT look at the options. Grasp the idea. Ask questions when the idea doesn’t seem clear Sentences which talk about something which seems to have been explained before this sentence cannot be the first sentence

Slide 31: 

A. It tells the story of the campaign to repeal the estate tax (what we would call inheritance tax) in the United States, which culminated in the inclusion of the measure in George Bush’s massive tax cutting legislation of 2001. B. Politics of another country’s tax system is unlikely to be of much interest to anyone with any sort of normal life. C. Listening to the ins and outs of other people’s fiscal battles can be like listening to other people’s dreams: interminable and almost completely unreal. D. Death by a Thousand Cuts is something different. What is “IT”? This is NOT the first sentence Can be 1st sentences Different from what?

Conclusion of Step 1 : 

Conclusion of Step 1 It seems the paragraph wants to explain that the book/movie called Death by a Thousand Cuts has made a boring subject interesting As the “IT” in sentence A seems to be the book/movie in sentence D, A comes after D.

Step 2: Identify Paragraph Structures : 

Step 2: Identify Paragraph Structures B. Politics of another country’s tax system is unlikely to be of much interest to anyone with any sort of normal life. C. Listening to the ins and outs of other people’s fiscal battles can be like listening to other people’s dreams: interminable and almost completely unreal. BC in that order are in the Idea Reiteration format. Puts forward a claim -> B Reiterates or justifies with example -> C example of people’s dreams So BC are together in that order and also start the paragraph.

Final Step : 

Final Step Look at the options and eliminate the ones that don’t fit our conclusions. (1)BADC (2) BCDA (3) CBAD (4) CABD (5) BACD Put the sentences in the obtained order and check if the order seems logical.

Final Solution: : 

Final Solution: B. Politics of another country’s tax system is unlikely to be of much interest to anyone with any sort of normal life. C. Listening to the ins and outs of other people’s fiscal battles can be like listening to other people’s dreams: interminable and almost completely unreal. D. Death by a Thousand Cuts is something different. A. It tells the story of the campaign to repeal the estate tax (what we would call inheritance tax) in the United States, which culminated in the inclusion of the measure in George Bush’s massive tax cutting legislation of 2001.

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