Chromosomes slide show

Chromosomes:

Chromosomes

Who is Walter Sutton and what did he discover? :

Who is Walter Sutton and what did he discover? American geneticists 1903 studied grasshopper chromosomes He found that grasshoppers have 24 chromosomes arranged in 12 pairs. Every cell in the grasshoppers body had 24 chromosomes except for the sex cells. This interested him.

SOMETHING INTERESTING!!!:

Male sex cells had only 12 chromosomes. Female sex cell, the egg, had 12 chromosomes. When joined, the fertilized egg had 24 or 12 pairs. Grasshopper’s offspring had exactly the same number of chromosomes as each of its parents. Is the number of chromosomes dependant on the size and complexity of the organism? SOMETHING INTERESTING!!!

NO! Chromosome Counts:

NO! Chromosome Counts

Chromosomes Pairs:

Chromosomes Pairs

Chromosome Pairs cont.:

Chromosome Pairs cont.

Chromosome Parts Cont.:

Chromosome Parts Cont. A karyotype! What is it? Discuss with your group what a karyotype is and what you think a scientist might use a karyotype for?

Genetic Disorder Karyotype:

Genetic Disorder Karyotype

Mendel and Sutton:

Mendel and Sutton Mendel said: Genes occurred in pairs (alleles) . Genes is a pair separate when the sex cells are formed . Organisms receive inherited factors from both parents. How does this compare to Sutton???

What did Sutton conclude from all of his work and Mendel’s work?:

What did Sutton conclude from all of his work and Mendel’s work? Chromosomes carried Mendel’s hereditary factors or genes from one generation to the next. Genes are located on chromosomes. This became the chromosome theory.

What is the chromosome theory?:

What is the chromosome theory? According to the chromosome theory, genes are carried from parents to their offspring on chromosomes. Is this still a theory?

What are chromosomes?:

What are chromosomes? What is the main function of chromosomes?

-Their function is to organize DNA so that heredity information (genes) can be transferred properly during reproduction:

-Chromosomes are rod shaped structures made of DNA and protein that are found in the nucleus of every cell. -Their function is to organize DNA so that heredity information (genes) can be transferred properly during reproduction

Where are the genes from each parent located? :

Where are the genes from each parent located?

Human Chromosomes:

Human Chromosomes

Genetic Disorders:

Genetic Disorders

GENES!!!!:

GENES!!!! If chromosomes carry genes then what is a gene? Think? What are chromosomes made of?

Genes are sections of DNA found on a chromosome that provide the instructions to make proteins:

Genes are sections of DNA found on a chromosome that provide the instructions to make proteins

What are proteins?:

What are proteins? -Proteins determine the traits of an organism. -All organisms function b/c of proteins By controlling the type and number of proteins, genes, determine the traits of that organism.

Cell --> Chromosome --> Gene --> DNA --> Protein:

Cell --> Chromosome --> Gene --> DNA --> Protein

Chromo Quiz::

Chromo Quiz: 1. What is the function of a chromosome? 2. Name two things that Walter Sutton discovered? 3. Where are genes located? 4. What is a gene? 5. Why are proteins important? 6. Explain how proteins, genes, DNA, and chromosomes are related?

MITOSIS:

MITOSIS

Meiosis=Mitosis x 2:

Meiosis=Mitosis x 2 Meiosis is the process of cell division in which sex cells (sperm and egg) are produced. If a parent contributed all of its chromosomes to an offspring, then the offspring would have twice as many chromosomes as the parents. During meiosis segregation takes place an organisms two alleles for a particular trait are separated.

MEIOSIS:

MEIOSIS

Chromosome Parts Cont.:

Chromosome Parts Cont. Chromatids Chromatids Centromere Centromere Homologous Chromosomes

Chromosome Parts:

Chromosome Parts Homologous Chromosomes: Pairs of similar chromosomes with matching genetic information. Chromatids: identical copies of a chromosome. Centromere: The region that holds the chromatids together when a chromosome is duplicated.