Population

Population: 

Population Important terms: Census: official enumeration of population along with certain economic and social statistics in a given territory, carried out on specific day. It is generally conducted periodically. Migration: the movement of people across regions and territories. Birth Rate: The number of infants born for every 1000 persons per unit area. Death Rates: the number of death per 1000 persons a year is called death rate. Sex ratio: number of women per 1000 of male population. Density of population: the average number of persons per unit area. ( Sq. Km) Power point created by Mr. Passang Tsering Baro TGT Lower TCV School Dharmsala

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Natural growth rate of population: difference between birth and death rate. Age composition: the number of people in different age groups in a country. Literate: according to the Census of 2001, a person aged 7 years and above who can read and write with understanding in any language is treated as literate.

Population Size and Distribution: India’s Population size and Distribution by numbers: 

Population Size and Distribution: India’s Population size and Distribution by numbers India’s population as march 2001 stood by 1,028 Million, which account for 16.7% of the world population. These 1.2 Billion people are unevenly distributed over India's 3.28 million Sq. Km, Which accounts for 2.4 % of the world’s area. As per 2001 Census: Uttar Pradesh with a population size of 166 million people the most populous state of India. Uttar Pradesh accounts for about 16% of country's Total population. But, Himalayan State Sikkim has population of just about 0.5 million and Union Territory of Lakshadweep has only 60 thousand people.

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Almost half of India's population lives in just five states. These are Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Bihar, West Bengal, and Andhra Pradesh. ( see page 54 fig.6.2 of textbook) India’s Population Distribution by Density: Population density is calculated as the number of persons per unit area. India is one the mostly densely populated countries of the world. Formula for density of population: Density= Total Population Total Area The population density of India in the year 2001 was 324 persons per Sq Km. Densities of West Bengal is 904 persons per Sq km to only 13 persons per sq km in Arunachal Pradesh.

Population Growth and Processes of Population Change.: 

Population Growth and Processes of Population Change. Population Growth: Population Change Population growth is the actual addition in the existing population during a particular period (a year) It is the difference between the births and death during that year. Population change is the result of three main factors: Birth rate Death rate Migrations. The population change is the result difference between births and deaths in a year plus the migration from one part of the country to the other or from one country to the other. Note: Refer to Table No. 6.1 and figure no. 6.4 page 56 of text book

Process of Population Change/Growth: 

Process of Population Change/Growth Three are three main processes of change of population: 1. birth rates, 2. Death rates, and 3. Migration. The natural increase of population is the difference birth rates and death rates. 1. Birth rates: Birth rates is the number of live births per thousand persons in a year. It is a major component of growth because in India, birth rates have always been higher than death rates. 2. Death rate is the number of deaths per thousand persons in a year. The main cause of the rate growth of the Indian population has been the rapid decline in death rates.

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3. Migration: migration is the movement of people across regions and territories. It is of two types: Internal: The migration which within the country is known as internal migration. international migration: the migration which is between the countries is known as international migration. Factors responsible for internal migration: In India, most migrations have been form rural to urban areas because of the “Push” factor in rural areas. These are adverse conditions of poverty and unemployment in the rural areas and the “Pull” of the city in terms of increased employment opportunities and better living condition. In India, the rural-urban migration has resulted in a steady increase in the percentage of population in cities and towns. The urban population has increased from 17.29% in 1951 to 27.78% in 2001.

Main cause of the rapid population growth in India:: 

Main cause of the rapid population growth in India: 1. High Birth rates and low Death rates: from 1921 to 2001, the death rate has fallen 42.6 to 8.7 per thousand while the birth rate fell from 49.2 to 26. 1 per thousand. 2. Poverty: Poor people have to spend little on upbringing of their offspring. Beside the children supplement the family income. 3. child marriage: Early marriage is common feature in India. 90% of girls are married in the age-group of 15-20 years. 4. Low status of women: in India women have low social status. They are treated merely as child producing machines. 5. Illiteracy: Rate of illiteracy of 35% is pretty high in India. Illiterate persons fail to understand the significance of family planning.

Age Composition:: 

Age Composition: The age composition of a population refers to the number of people in different age groups in a country. The population of a nation is generally grouped into three broad categories: Children( generally below 15 years) They are economically unproductive and need to be provided with food, clothing, education and medical care.

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2. working age( 15-59 years) They are economically productive and biologically reproductive. They comprise the working population. Age( Above 59 years) They can be economically productive though they may have retired. They may be working voluntarily but they not available for employment through recruitment .

Sex Ration: : 

Sex Ration: Sex ratio is defined as the number of females per 1000 males in the population. The sex ratio in India has always remained unfavourable to females. Sex Ratio of India during 1951-2001 Census year sex ratio (female per 1000 males 946 1961 941 1971 930 1981 934 1991 929 2001 933 Kerala has a sex ratio of 1058 females per 1000 males, Pondicherry has 1001 females for every 1000 males, Delhi has only 821 females per 1000 males & Haryana has just 861.

Sex Ratio of India as per 2001 census: 

Sex Ratio of India as per 2001 census

Literacy Rate:: 

Literacy Rate: Literacy is a very important quality of a population. A person who can read and write with understand in any language is treated as literate . The literacy rate in the country as per the census 2001 is 64.84 percent. 75.26 percent of males and 53.67 percent For female.

Occupational Structure: : 

Occupational Structure: Occupations of the people for their economic development, it is generally classified as primary, secondary and tertiary. Primary occupation: primary occupation include agriculture, animal husbandry, forestry, fishing, mining and quarrying etc. in India 69% of population engaged in agricultural activates. Secondary occupation: Secondary activities include manufacturing industry, building and construction works etc. 10% of people in India involved in industry. Tertiary Occupation: Tertiary occupation include transport, communications, commerce, administration and other services. About 25% is in tertiary sector.

National Population Policy (NPP): 

National Population Policy (NPP) Significant features of the National Population Policy 2000: National Population Policy is policy adopted by the government of India in 2000. It aims at stabilizing population by 2045. It also lays emphasis on economic growth, social development and environment protection. The policy states that it will achieve this goal by raising the age of marriage, making school education free and compulsory up to the age of 14 yeas and reducing dropouts at primary and secondary.

Map work:: 

Map work: The State having the highest density of population. The State having the lowest density of Population. The State having the highest sex ratio. The most populous State of India. The least populous State of India. Locate the followings on the map: