logging in or signing up 15 Unix03 Directory Structure parker Download Post to : URL : Related Presentations : Share Add to Flag Embed Email Send to Blogs and Networks Add to Channel Uploaded from authorPOINTLite Insert YouTube videos in PowerPont slides with aS Desktop Copy embed code: (To copy code, click on the text box) Embed: URL: Thumbnail: WordPress Embed Customize Embed The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites. Views: 1399 Category: Entertainment License: All Rights Reserved Like it (1) Dislike it (0) Added: November 29, 2007 This Presentation is Public Favorites: 0 Presentation Description No description available. Comments Posting comment... By: anitatomar (9 month(s) ago) plz send this ppt on my mail id : anitarawat86@gmail.com.... Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: vinodkumarbc (18 month(s) ago) It was awesome ppt.... if possibl will u mail me this ppt on vinodkumarnie@gmail.com... thank you Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: deeptikalra (20 month(s) ago) if possibl mail me on neetu237.kalra@gmail.com thank you Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: devyfong (40 month(s) ago) It's good stuff! Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close Premium member Presentation Transcript UNIX/Linux: UNIX/Linux Directory StructureOutline: Outline Linux directory structure & common directories Absolute & relative paths Dot, and Dot-Dot files Commands mkdir pwd cd ls rmdir Wildcards - * ? [ ]The UNIX Directory Structure: The UNIX Directory Structure The UNIX file structure is hierarchical or tree structured and is quite similar to that of DOS (and MS Windows). This is no coincidence since the DOS (and thus Windows) file structure was derived from UNIX. In UNIX (and DOS) this structure is made up of “directories” and “subdirectories”. In Windows we call these “folders”.The UNIX Directory Structure: The UNIX Directory StructureThe UNIX Directory Structure: The UNIX Directory Structure Directory Contents bin UNIX utilities lib Libraries used by the UNIX language processors tmp Temporary filesThe UNIX Directory Structure: The UNIX Directory Structure Directory Contents home Files associated with the various users dev Files needed for I/O devices (Device Drivers) etc Administrative programs and tablesThe UNIX Directory Structure: The UNIX Directory Structure Directory Contents mail Mail system files news News files spool Spool files for printing / (root) top node; designated by the / (forward slash).Methods of specifying locations: Methods of specifying locations Absolute pathnames begin with the root Relative pathnames begin with the current working directory A slash is used to separate elements in a path descriptionExample - files in marys directory: Example - files in marys directory If the current working directory is marys: %ls Example- files in marys directory: Example- files in marys directory If the current working directory is marys: %ls xyz BD350 mail mbox lists all files in the directory marys uses relative addressingExample - files in BD350 directory: Example - files in BD350 directory If the current working directory is marys: %ls BD350 Example- files in BD350 directory: Example- files in BD350 directory If the current working directory is marys: %ls BD350 assign1 assign2 prog1 junk lists all files in the directory BD350 uses relative addressingExample- files in BD350 directory: Example- files in BD350 directory If the current working directory is marys: %ls /home/marys/BD350 Example- files in BD350 directory: Example- files in BD350 directory If the current working directory is marys: %ls /home/marys/BD350 assign1 assign2 prog1 junk lists all files in the subdirectory BD350 in the marys subdirectory of the /home directory uses absolute addressing It’s actually irrelevant that the cwd is /home/marys, because of absolute addressingDirectory structure: Directory structure Every user is assigned to a home directory After login, users are automatically positioned in that directory to start with (if everything went correctly…)Relative path codes: Relative path codes A “dot” ( . ) indicates the current working directory “Dot-dot” ( .. ) indicates the parent directory the parent directory is the directory immediately above the current working directoryExample- files in usr directory: Example- files in usr directory If the current working directory is /home/marys: %ls ..Example- files in usr directory: Example- files in usr directory If the current working directory is /home/marys: %ls .. johnd marys lists all files in the directory /home /home is the parent directory of /home/marysExample- files in johnd directory: Example- files in johnd directory If the current working directory is /home/marys: %ls ../johnd Example- files in johnd directory: Example- files in johnd directory If the current working directory is /home/marys: %ls ../johnd abs xyz mail mbox lists all files in the directory /home/johnd Assuming marys has permission to list /home/johnd johnd is a subdirectory of /homeExample- files in bin directory: Example- files in bin directory If the current working directory is /home/marys: %ls ../../bin Example- files in bin directory: Example- files in bin directory If the current working directory is /home/marys: %ls ../../bin grep sort cc vi lists all files in the directory /binDirectory Manipulation Commands: Directory Manipulation Commands mkdir Command : mkdir Command Purpose creates one or more new directories Syntax mkdir [ -m Mode ] [ -p ] Directory ...mkdir Command: mkdir Command Description Creates one or more new directories specified by the Directory parameter. Each new directory contains the standard entries . (dot) and .. (dot-dot). mkdir Command: mkdir Command Note: To make a new directory you must have write permission in the parent directory.mkdir Command: mkdir Command To create a new directory called Test in the current working directory, enter: %mkdir Test mkdir Command: mkdir Command To create a new directory called Test in the current working directory, enter: %mkdir Test % The new directory has been createdpwd Command : pwd Command Purpose Displays the path name of the working directory pwd = “print working directory” Syntax pwdpwd Command : pwd Command Description Writes to standard output the full path name of your current directory (from the root directory). All directories are separated by a / (slash). The root directory is represented by the first / (slash) the last directory named is your current directorypwd Command: pwd Command To display the current directory, enter: %pwd pwd Command: pwd Command To display the current directory, enter: %pwd /home/marys % cd Command: cd Command Purpose Changes the current directory Syntax cd [ Directory ]cd Command: cd Command Description moves you from your present directory to another directory. You must have execute (search) permission in the specified directory.cd Command: cd Command Description (cont’d) If you do not specify a Directory parameter, the cd command moves you to your login (HOME) directory $HOME in the ksh and bash environments $home in the csh environment If the specified directory name is a full path name, it becomes the current directory. cd Command: cd Command To change to your home directory, enter: %cdcd Command: cd Command To change to your home directory, enter: %cd % You are now in your home directory can use pwd command to confirm thiscd Command: cd Command To change to an arbitrary directory, enter: %cd /home/johnd cd Command: cd Command To change to an arbitrary directory, enter: %cd /home/johnd % Current directory is now /home/johndcd Command: cd Command To go down one level of the directory tree (current working directory is /home/marys), enter: %cd BD350cd Command: cd Command To go down one level of the directory tree (current working directory is /home/marys), enter: %cd BD350 % Current directory is now /home/marys/BD350cd Command: cd Command To go up one level of the directory tree, enter: %cd .. cd Command: cd Command To go up one level of the directory tree, enter: %cd .. % The special file name, .. (dot-dot), refers to the directory immediately above the current directory.rmdir Command: rmdir Command Purpose Removes a directory. Syntax rmdir [ -p ] Directory ...rmdir Command: rmdir Command Description Removes the directory, specified by the Directory parameter, from the system. The directory must be empty before you can remove it, and you must have write permission in its parent directory. Use the ls -la command to check whether the directory is empty.rmdir Command: rmdir Command Flags -p Removes all directories along the path name specified by the Directory parameter. Parent directories must be empty and the user must have write permission in the parent directories before they can be removed. rmdir Command: rmdir Command To empty and remove the current working directory named BD350, enter: %rm * removes all files in the current working directory Warning: BE CAREFUL! Make sure you really want to do this – there’s no “recycle bin” from which to restore…rmdir Command: rmdir Command To empty and remove the current working directory named BD350, enter: %rm * %cd .. moves to the parent directory rmdir Command: rmdir Command To empty and remove the current working directory named BD350, enter: %rm * %cd .. %rmdir BD350 removes the directory BD350 (immediately below the current working directory, /home/marys). rmdir Command: rmdir Command To remove the /home, /home/demo, and /home/demo/mydir directories, enter: %rmdir -p /home/demo/mydir An assumption is that the current working directory is not one of these directories. rmdir Command: rmdir Command %rmdir -p /home/demo/mydir This removes first the /mydir directory, then the /demo and /home directories, respectively. If a directory is not empty or does not have write permission when it is to be removed, the command terminates.Wildcards: Wildcards ? (question mark) matches any one character * (asterisk) matches any grouping of zero or more charactersWildcards: Wildcards %ls hog hug huge thug % Wildcards: Wildcards %ls hog hug huge thug %ls hu? Wildcards: Wildcards %ls hog hug huge thug %ls hu? hug Wildcards: Wildcards %ls hog hug huge thug %ls hu?? Wildcards: Wildcards %ls hog hug huge thug %ls hu?? huge Wildcards: Wildcards %ls hog hug huge thug %ls ??? Wildcards: Wildcards %ls hog hug huge thug %ls ??? hog hug Wildcards: Wildcards %ls hog hug huge thug %ls ?o? Wildcards: Wildcards %ls hog hug huge thug %ls ?o? hog Wildcards: Wildcards %ls hog hug huge thug %ls h* Wildcards: Wildcards %ls hog hug huge thug %ls h* hog hug huge Wildcards: Wildcards %ls hog hug huge thug %ls *g Wildcards: Wildcards %ls hog hug huge thug %ls *g hog hug thug Wildcards: Wildcards %ls hog hug huge thug %ls hug* Wildcards: Wildcards %ls hog hug huge thug %ls hug* hug huge Wildcards: Wildcards %ls hog hug huge thug %ls *hug Wildcards: Wildcards %ls hog hug huge thug %ls *hug hug thug Wildcards: Wildcards Putting a list of characters in [ ] %ls hog hug huge thug %ls h[aeiou]g [list] matches any single character from the list.Wildcards: Wildcards Putting a list of characters in [ ] %ls hog hug huge thug %ls h[aeiou]g hog hug Wildcard Ranges: Wildcard Ranges Using a range notation %ls [A-Z] => all filenames consisting of a single capital letter %ls [A-Z]* => all filenames starting with a capital letterWildcard Ranges: Wildcard Ranges The range is based on the collating sequence. Unless you really know what you are doing , it is a good idea to stay with ranges of the same type. [A-Z] [1-9] [a-z] You do not have the permission to view this presentation. In order to view it, please contact the author of the presentation.
15 Unix03 Directory Structure parker Download Post to : URL : Related Presentations : Share Add to Flag Embed Email Send to Blogs and Networks Add to Channel Uploaded from authorPOINTLite Insert YouTube videos in PowerPont slides with aS Desktop Copy embed code: (To copy code, click on the text box) Embed: URL: Thumbnail: WordPress Embed Customize Embed The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites. Views: 1399 Category: Entertainment License: All Rights Reserved Like it (1) Dislike it (0) Added: November 29, 2007 This Presentation is Public Favorites: 0 Presentation Description No description available. Comments Posting comment... By: anitatomar (9 month(s) ago) plz send this ppt on my mail id : anitarawat86@gmail.com.... Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: vinodkumarbc (18 month(s) ago) It was awesome ppt.... if possibl will u mail me this ppt on vinodkumarnie@gmail.com... thank you Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: deeptikalra (20 month(s) ago) if possibl mail me on neetu237.kalra@gmail.com thank you Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: devyfong (40 month(s) ago) It's good stuff! Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close Premium member Presentation Transcript UNIX/Linux: UNIX/Linux Directory StructureOutline: Outline Linux directory structure & common directories Absolute & relative paths Dot, and Dot-Dot files Commands mkdir pwd cd ls rmdir Wildcards - * ? [ ]The UNIX Directory Structure: The UNIX Directory Structure The UNIX file structure is hierarchical or tree structured and is quite similar to that of DOS (and MS Windows). This is no coincidence since the DOS (and thus Windows) file structure was derived from UNIX. In UNIX (and DOS) this structure is made up of “directories” and “subdirectories”. In Windows we call these “folders”.The UNIX Directory Structure: The UNIX Directory StructureThe UNIX Directory Structure: The UNIX Directory Structure Directory Contents bin UNIX utilities lib Libraries used by the UNIX language processors tmp Temporary filesThe UNIX Directory Structure: The UNIX Directory Structure Directory Contents home Files associated with the various users dev Files needed for I/O devices (Device Drivers) etc Administrative programs and tablesThe UNIX Directory Structure: The UNIX Directory Structure Directory Contents mail Mail system files news News files spool Spool files for printing / (root) top node; designated by the / (forward slash).Methods of specifying locations: Methods of specifying locations Absolute pathnames begin with the root Relative pathnames begin with the current working directory A slash is used to separate elements in a path descriptionExample - files in marys directory: Example - files in marys directory If the current working directory is marys: %ls Example- files in marys directory: Example- files in marys directory If the current working directory is marys: %ls xyz BD350 mail mbox lists all files in the directory marys uses relative addressingExample - files in BD350 directory: Example - files in BD350 directory If the current working directory is marys: %ls BD350 Example- files in BD350 directory: Example- files in BD350 directory If the current working directory is marys: %ls BD350 assign1 assign2 prog1 junk lists all files in the directory BD350 uses relative addressingExample- files in BD350 directory: Example- files in BD350 directory If the current working directory is marys: %ls /home/marys/BD350 Example- files in BD350 directory: Example- files in BD350 directory If the current working directory is marys: %ls /home/marys/BD350 assign1 assign2 prog1 junk lists all files in the subdirectory BD350 in the marys subdirectory of the /home directory uses absolute addressing It’s actually irrelevant that the cwd is /home/marys, because of absolute addressingDirectory structure: Directory structure Every user is assigned to a home directory After login, users are automatically positioned in that directory to start with (if everything went correctly…)Relative path codes: Relative path codes A “dot” ( . ) indicates the current working directory “Dot-dot” ( .. ) indicates the parent directory the parent directory is the directory immediately above the current working directoryExample- files in usr directory: Example- files in usr directory If the current working directory is /home/marys: %ls ..Example- files in usr directory: Example- files in usr directory If the current working directory is /home/marys: %ls .. johnd marys lists all files in the directory /home /home is the parent directory of /home/marysExample- files in johnd directory: Example- files in johnd directory If the current working directory is /home/marys: %ls ../johnd Example- files in johnd directory: Example- files in johnd directory If the current working directory is /home/marys: %ls ../johnd abs xyz mail mbox lists all files in the directory /home/johnd Assuming marys has permission to list /home/johnd johnd is a subdirectory of /homeExample- files in bin directory: Example- files in bin directory If the current working directory is /home/marys: %ls ../../bin Example- files in bin directory: Example- files in bin directory If the current working directory is /home/marys: %ls ../../bin grep sort cc vi lists all files in the directory /binDirectory Manipulation Commands: Directory Manipulation Commands mkdir Command : mkdir Command Purpose creates one or more new directories Syntax mkdir [ -m Mode ] [ -p ] Directory ...mkdir Command: mkdir Command Description Creates one or more new directories specified by the Directory parameter. Each new directory contains the standard entries . (dot) and .. (dot-dot). mkdir Command: mkdir Command Note: To make a new directory you must have write permission in the parent directory.mkdir Command: mkdir Command To create a new directory called Test in the current working directory, enter: %mkdir Test mkdir Command: mkdir Command To create a new directory called Test in the current working directory, enter: %mkdir Test % The new directory has been createdpwd Command : pwd Command Purpose Displays the path name of the working directory pwd = “print working directory” Syntax pwdpwd Command : pwd Command Description Writes to standard output the full path name of your current directory (from the root directory). All directories are separated by a / (slash). The root directory is represented by the first / (slash) the last directory named is your current directorypwd Command: pwd Command To display the current directory, enter: %pwd pwd Command: pwd Command To display the current directory, enter: %pwd /home/marys % cd Command: cd Command Purpose Changes the current directory Syntax cd [ Directory ]cd Command: cd Command Description moves you from your present directory to another directory. You must have execute (search) permission in the specified directory.cd Command: cd Command Description (cont’d) If you do not specify a Directory parameter, the cd command moves you to your login (HOME) directory $HOME in the ksh and bash environments $home in the csh environment If the specified directory name is a full path name, it becomes the current directory. cd Command: cd Command To change to your home directory, enter: %cdcd Command: cd Command To change to your home directory, enter: %cd % You are now in your home directory can use pwd command to confirm thiscd Command: cd Command To change to an arbitrary directory, enter: %cd /home/johnd cd Command: cd Command To change to an arbitrary directory, enter: %cd /home/johnd % Current directory is now /home/johndcd Command: cd Command To go down one level of the directory tree (current working directory is /home/marys), enter: %cd BD350cd Command: cd Command To go down one level of the directory tree (current working directory is /home/marys), enter: %cd BD350 % Current directory is now /home/marys/BD350cd Command: cd Command To go up one level of the directory tree, enter: %cd .. cd Command: cd Command To go up one level of the directory tree, enter: %cd .. % The special file name, .. (dot-dot), refers to the directory immediately above the current directory.rmdir Command: rmdir Command Purpose Removes a directory. Syntax rmdir [ -p ] Directory ...rmdir Command: rmdir Command Description Removes the directory, specified by the Directory parameter, from the system. The directory must be empty before you can remove it, and you must have write permission in its parent directory. Use the ls -la command to check whether the directory is empty.rmdir Command: rmdir Command Flags -p Removes all directories along the path name specified by the Directory parameter. Parent directories must be empty and the user must have write permission in the parent directories before they can be removed. rmdir Command: rmdir Command To empty and remove the current working directory named BD350, enter: %rm * removes all files in the current working directory Warning: BE CAREFUL! Make sure you really want to do this – there’s no “recycle bin” from which to restore…rmdir Command: rmdir Command To empty and remove the current working directory named BD350, enter: %rm * %cd .. moves to the parent directory rmdir Command: rmdir Command To empty and remove the current working directory named BD350, enter: %rm * %cd .. %rmdir BD350 removes the directory BD350 (immediately below the current working directory, /home/marys). rmdir Command: rmdir Command To remove the /home, /home/demo, and /home/demo/mydir directories, enter: %rmdir -p /home/demo/mydir An assumption is that the current working directory is not one of these directories. rmdir Command: rmdir Command %rmdir -p /home/demo/mydir This removes first the /mydir directory, then the /demo and /home directories, respectively. If a directory is not empty or does not have write permission when it is to be removed, the command terminates.Wildcards: Wildcards ? (question mark) matches any one character * (asterisk) matches any grouping of zero or more charactersWildcards: Wildcards %ls hog hug huge thug % Wildcards: Wildcards %ls hog hug huge thug %ls hu? Wildcards: Wildcards %ls hog hug huge thug %ls hu? hug Wildcards: Wildcards %ls hog hug huge thug %ls hu?? Wildcards: Wildcards %ls hog hug huge thug %ls hu?? huge Wildcards: Wildcards %ls hog hug huge thug %ls ??? Wildcards: Wildcards %ls hog hug huge thug %ls ??? hog hug Wildcards: Wildcards %ls hog hug huge thug %ls ?o? Wildcards: Wildcards %ls hog hug huge thug %ls ?o? hog Wildcards: Wildcards %ls hog hug huge thug %ls h* Wildcards: Wildcards %ls hog hug huge thug %ls h* hog hug huge Wildcards: Wildcards %ls hog hug huge thug %ls *g Wildcards: Wildcards %ls hog hug huge thug %ls *g hog hug thug Wildcards: Wildcards %ls hog hug huge thug %ls hug* Wildcards: Wildcards %ls hog hug huge thug %ls hug* hug huge Wildcards: Wildcards %ls hog hug huge thug %ls *hug Wildcards: Wildcards %ls hog hug huge thug %ls *hug hug thug Wildcards: Wildcards Putting a list of characters in [ ] %ls hog hug huge thug %ls h[aeiou]g [list] matches any single character from the list.Wildcards: Wildcards Putting a list of characters in [ ] %ls hog hug huge thug %ls h[aeiou]g hog hug Wildcard Ranges: Wildcard Ranges Using a range notation %ls [A-Z] => all filenames consisting of a single capital letter %ls [A-Z]* => all filenames starting with a capital letterWildcard Ranges: Wildcard Ranges The range is based on the collating sequence. Unless you really know what you are doing , it is a good idea to stay with ranges of the same type. [A-Z] [1-9] [a-z]