Space

SPACE The Final Frontier:

SPACE The Final Frontier Siddhant Srivastava III-E/WB Shikhar Aggrawal III-E/WB Kunal Pandey III-E/WB Sriram Kanddikuppa III-E/WB

Slide 1:

Slide 1 Narration to

It All Started with a BIG BANG !:

It All Started with a BIG BANG ! Approximately 15 Billion Years Ago: The Big Bang occurred and the universe began that created space and time. Immediately After The Big Bang: One millionth of a second after the Big Bang, the universe continued to expand is about the size of a melon. Gases cloud forms 10,000 Years After The Big Bang: Radiation Era: Most energy was in the form of radiation -- different wavelengths of light, X rays, radio waves and ultraviolet rays. As the universe expanded, these waves of radiation were stretched and diluted. 300,000 Years After The Big Bang: the universe continued to expand, 300 Million Years After The Big Bang: Stars and Galaxies Form, due to gravity 5 Billion Years Ago: Our Solar System Forms: Our sun formed with its planets within a cloud of gas in a spiral arm of what we now call the Milky Way Galaxy. 3.8 Billion Years Ago: Life Appeared: 700 Million Years Ago: Animals Appeared: Mostly flatworms, jelly fish and algae. 200 Million Years Ago: Mammals Appeared: 65 Million Years Ago: Dinosaurs Became Extinct.

Stars & Planets:

Stars Stars are magnetic, spinning balls of hot glowing gases that shine throughout the Space. The Sun is also a star. The Sun appears huge to us because it is closest star to Earth. That is why the Sun outshines other stars. Stars are extremely hot. They appear in different colors. The coldest stars are red in color. Those stars which are very far from Earth look like Twinkling dots in the sky. Those which are nearer to Earth look bigger. The brightest star is SIRIUS Stars & Planets Planets Ancient people looked at stars-like moving objects and called them PLANETS, which means ‘wanderers’. They were named after Roman Gods Jupiter : King of Gods Saturn : Father of Jupiter and God of Agriculture Mars : God of War Mercury : Messenger of Gods Venus : God if Love and Beauty

Galaxies:

Galaxies A galaxy is like an island in space made up of gas, dust and millions of stars, that are bound together by Gravity. The picture at left shows the Andromeda Galaxy and two companion galaxies. It is over 2.4 million light-years away from us. Our own galaxy, the Milky Way, includes about a trillion (a thousand billion) stars in a disk shape. Galaxies may be spiral, barred spiral, elliptical, peculiar and irregular shapes. Our Solar System is about two-thirds of the way out on one of the arms of our galaxy. We are in a group of galaxies called the Local Cluster. A few years ago the Hubble Space Telescope took an image called the Hubble Deep Field. It was a spot of sky near the Big Dipper about the width of a dime 75 feet away. Scientists counted over 1500 galaxies! Take that number times the volume of space in every direction and you would calculate that there are millions of billions of galaxies with billions of stars in each galaxy.

Constellations and the Orion Constellation :

Constellations and the Orion Constellation Orion, the Hunter Orion is one of the most beautiful of all constellations, and one of the easiest to find. It looks like a large rectangle high in winter's south-southeastern sky. Two of the brightest stars in the evening sky lie at opposite corners of the rectangle: bright red Betelgeuse at the northeastern corner and even brighter Rigel at the southwest. A constellation is a pattern of stars. When you look in the night sky you see really bright stars and some around them that are not as bright. The picture at right is the Scutum region seen in the summer sky. The pinkish and brownish areas are the Milky Way, the edge of our galaxy. Scutum is a constellation.

Nebulae:

Nebulae The picture at Top-left shows a Hubble Telescope view of an exploding star called Eta Carina. Gas, dust and debris from star explosions and around star forming regions are called nebulae. A nebula can reflect light (Reflection Nebulae) or absorb light (Dark or Absorption Nebulae) while Emission Nebulae emit light on their own. The Great Orion Nebula in the sword of Orion is pictured below. Stars are being formed in the cloud of gas and dust. The image at left is the Eagle Nebula in the constellation Aquila. You can see the darker clouds in the center look like a diving eagle. This emission nebula glows red because of hot hydrogen atoms.

Size of Universe:

Size of Universe How big is the Universe? The Universe is a vast space. It is bigger than the biggest continent on Earth and bigger than any planet or all planets put together. And it is very, very old. In fact, it is the oldest thing we know. Speed of Light Light travels in space at the speed of 300,000 KM per second ! The distance covered by Light in ONE Year is called LIGHT YEAR. One light-year is about 5.88 trillion miles (9.64 trillion kilometers) We calculate the distances in Space in terms of LIGHT YEARS Let me show you … You will be Surprised !! Till now OK… We knew this. But now …. Watch this …… Our Sun is getting Smaller … …. And Smaller …and smaller … Our Earth ………………………Invisible !!! Did you noticed our solar system ?? It is becoming nothing !!!! Where is our Sun ??

Exploring Space:

Exploring Space Astronomy Astronomy is the study of all celestial objects such as planets, galaxies and space Astronomy is all about numbers. Number of stars, planets, galaxies and their distances. Satellites Most Planets have Satellites. A satellite is an object moving around a larger object in space. Earth’s satellite is called Moon, which revolves around Earth in 28 days. While moon is a natural satellite, humans have also sent man-made satellites that revolve around Earth. SLV is a man-made satellite sent from India. Astronomers Astronomers are Space Explorers who spend their life finding about Space, Planets, Stars and Galaxies. They use powerful telescopes, satellites and spaceships or sometimes travel into Space to get information from Space. Over 400 Astronomers have travelled into space. Liaka : was a dog – 1 st living being sent into Space Yuri Gagarin : 1 st human into Space Astronomers of Indian Origin – Rakesh Sharma, Kalpana Chawla , Sunita Williams Life in a Spaceship There is no gravity in a Spaceship. Gravity is the force by which all things move around their central object in space

Travelling into Space:

Travelling into Space While our Earth revolves around its central object – Sun; our entire Solar System is a revolving alongwith its Galaxy called Milky Way. Our Solar System is at the edge of our Galaxy. Thank You Questions

Backup Slides:

Backup Slides

Is Sun biggest Star ?:

Is Sun biggest Star ?

Quick Facts:

Quick Facts Scientists believe that we can only see about 5% of the matter in the Universe. The rest is made up of invisible matter (called Dark Matter) and a mysterious form of energy known as Dark Energy. Neutron stars are so dense, that a soup can full of neutron star material would have more mass than the Moon. The Sun produces so much energy, that every second the core releases the equivalent of 100 billion nuclear bombs. Black Holes are so dense, and produce such intense gravity, that even light can not escape. Theoretical physicists predict that there are situations under which light can escape (which is called Hawking radiation). Light from distant stars and galaxies takes so long to reach us, that we are actually seeing objects as they appeared hundreds, thousands or even millions of years ago. So, as we look up at the sky, we are really looking back in time. The Crab Nebula was produced by a supernova explosion in 1054 A.D. The Chinese and Arab astronomers at the time noted that the explosion was so bright, that it was visible during the day, and lit up the night sky for months. Shooting stars are usually just tiny dust particles falling through our atmosphere. Comets sometimes pass through Earth’s orbit, leaving trails of dust behind. Then as Earth plows through the dust in its path, the particles heat up, creating the streaks in the night sky. Even though Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun, temperatures can reach -280 degrees F. Why? Since Mercury has almost no atmosphere, there is nothing to trap heat near the surface. So, the dark side of Mercury (the side facing away from the Sun) is very cold. Venus is considerably hotter than Mercury, even though it is further away from the Sun. The thickness of Venus’ atmosphere traps heat near the surface of the planet.

Slide 16:

This shows the size of our Sun compared to other stars. Sirius is a brilliant white binary star that is the brightest star in the night sky and is about 8.6 light-years away from the Sun. Pollux is the brightest star in Gemini and is part of a double star system. It is about 33.7 light-years from the Sun. Arcturus is the brightest star of the northern hemisphere in the spring and the fourth brightest star in the Earth's night sky. It is located about 36.7 light-years from the Sun. This shows the size of the Sun compared to some of the largest stars. Aldebaran is a binary star system located around 65.1 light-years from the Sun. Betelgeuse is a red supergiant estimated to be located around 430 +/- 100 light-years from the Sun. Anteres is a supergiant that is the 15th brightest star in the night sky. It is estimated to be about 600 light-years from the Sun.

Slide 17:

Two examples below show the Ring Nebula, a tube of gas and dust around a nova star and the Veil Nebula showing how the Ring might look after it expands and fades into the interstellar medium.