What is Biomechanics

What is Biomechanics? : 

What is Biomechanics? Presentation by Ong Kuan Boon P.hD (Biomechanics) <kuan@upsi.edu.my>

Objectives : 

Objectives Define biomechanics, statics, dynamics, kinematics and kinetics and explain the ways in which they are related Describe the scope of scientific inquiry addressed by biomechanists. Distinguish between qualitative and quantitative approaches for analyzing human movement.

Biomechanics is Science examine the internal and external forces acting on the human and effects produce by these forces : 

Biomechanics is Science examine the internal and external forces acting on the human and effects produce by these forces ‘Bio’ – body of living ‘mechanics’ – physical law Kinesiology – science dealing with the study of motions ‘kinesy’ – motion ‘sylogy’ - study

Why Study Biomechanics? : 

Why Study Biomechanics? To address problems related to human health and performance. Useful for - Phys Ed Teachers - Physical Therapists - Physicians - Coaches - Personal Trainers - Exercise Instructors

Slide 8: 

Stroke Analysis The Athlete : Raw Talent + Coach : Develops Talent + = ] Biomechanics : Technique Development Exercise Physiology : Fitness Psychology : Mental State Sport Medicine : Injury Management Optimal Performance

Slide 9: 

A coach must be able to identify and correct flaws in performance - this needs an analysis system based on biomechanical principles Remember: Coaches who try to see everything often end up perceiving nothing Understanding biomechanics does not in itself, assist player development

The integrated analysis framework : 

The integrated analysis framework PREPARATION Knowledge of the tennis skill Identify critical variables OBSERVATION Number of observations Extended observation (fatigue) Game or practice Correct viewpoint (side/front..) EVALUATION Measure critical variables Strengths & Weaknesses Prioritise weaknesses INTERVENTION Select appropriate intervention Provide feedback Modify the task Split screen and voice feedback Translate critical features into cues Conditioning Modified from Morrison & Knudson (2001)

Slide 11: 

Pre-observation/Preparation Observation Diagnosis/Evaluation Remediation/Intervention Structured Biomechanical Approach 4 Levels

Problem-Solving Approach : 

Problem-Solving Approach Analysis of human movement can be either - Quantitative of - Six meters, Three Seconds, Fifty Turns Two players, Ten dollars, etc - Qualitative - Good, Poor, Long, Heavy, Flexed, Rotated, Spiffy, etc.

General Question Examples : 

General Question Examples Is the movement being performed with adequate (or optimal) force? Is the movement being performed through an appropriate range of motion? Is the sequencing of body movements appropriate ( or optimal) for execution of the skill?

Specific Question Examples : 

Specific Question Examples Is there excessive pronation taking place during the stance phase of gait? Is release of the ball taking place at the instant of full elbow extension? Does selective strengthening of the vastus medialis obliquus alleviate mistracking of the patella for this person?

Motion Concept and Motion Classification : 

Motion Concept and Motion Classification The motion of the whole body when walking down a sidewalk follows approximately a straight line. (Rectilinear or linear motion) Curvilinear motion could be described as any motion that is not linear or straight line.

Mark ‘L’ travel linear path, and ‘C’ travel a curvilinear : 

Mark ‘L’ travel linear path, and ‘C’ travel a curvilinear ……a. a discus held in the hand during the motion before release …… b. the motion of a field hockey stick during a long drive shot. …… c. The path of a golf ball putted on a level green. …… d. The path of a golf ball during a chip shot ….. e. The motion of the hand during a left hook in boxing ….. f. The path followed by the body during a forward roll in tumbling. (Ans: a= C, b= C, c=L, d= C, e=C, f=C)

History of Biomechanics : 

History of Biomechanics Ancient Period - 300 B.C Aristotle (384 – 322 B.C)(his father is a physician) - Father of Kinesiology - First to explain C.G of movement (C.G of movement of female 53% and male 57% at the anatomical position Archimedes (287 – 212 BC) - develop the law of levers (by Aristotle) - principle of buoyancy - moving a ship by himself - pulleys

Continue: History of Biomechanics : 

Continue: History of Biomechanics Early Christian Era (Middle Ages – 200 A.D) - negative emphasis - in physical development Claudians Galen (131-201 A.D) -!st team of physician - bring anatomy to room - legal to open up human body -1230 A.D. King Fredick II – legally allow the dissection of study of human body

Continue - History of Biomechanics : 

Continue - History of Biomechanics 3. Renaissance Period(1400 -1500 A.D. Leonardo da vinci – 1st modern dissector of the human body ( referred to as a grave digger because of his work with human dissection) 4. Post Renaissance (16th-17th century) Andreas Vesalius – Wrote the Fabric of the Human Body. Founder of Modern Anatomy. - 1st scientific textbook in Anatomy. Galileo (1564-1624) – famous matematician- founder of telescope and microscope Sir Isaac Newton(1642-1727)- Prof Mathematics (U. Cambridge)- 3 laws of motions Giovanni Borelli - The Father of Modern Biomechanics 5. Modern Era: Edward Muybridge – Studied motion of animals especially the horse. Archimedes – Law of levels ( Give me a place to stand and I can move the earth

Stoichiometry : 

Stoichiometry 1 mile long = a) kilometers 1 mile = 1609.37 metres 1000metres = 1 kilometres Answer= ? b) in inches 1 mile = 5280 feet 1 foot = 12 inches Answer =? 2. Take home question: The length of a regular football field is 100 yard. A) answer in cm hint : 1 yard = 3 feet, 1 meter = 3.28 feet, 1 meter = 100cm

Journal review: : 

Journal review: Tittle: Author Year What was studied? Methods What was found?

Summary : 

Summary Biomechanics can be defined as science examine the internal and external forces acting on the human body and effects produce by those forces. We need both qualitative and quantitative approaches for analyzing human movement. Motion is a continuous change of position. It can be a straight line (linear) or non straight line (Curvilinear)

Self-Evaluation: : 

Self-Evaluation: Define Biomechanics: Define motion List and describe the two basic categories of motion Why we need Biomechanics for? Name the two ways of analysis of human movement For a P.E teacher or a coach, what he should know in order to help his student or athlete to reach optimal performance Who is the founder of Modern anatomy? Who is the founder of 1st microscope? Who can be classified as modern Biomechanics? Who mentioned that ‘ give me a place to stand and I can move the earth? Thank-you