logging in or signing up drilling fluids omar410 Download Post to : URL : Related Presentations : Share Add to Flag Embed Email Send to Blogs and Networks Add to Channel Uploaded from authorPOINT lite Insert YouTube videos in PowerPont slides with aS Desktop Copy embed code: (To copy code, click on the text box) Embed: URL: Thumbnail: WordPress Embed Customize Embed The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites. Views: 1693 Category: Science & Tech.. License: All Rights Reserved Like it (4) Dislike it (1) Added: August 19, 2010 This Presentation is Public Favorites: 1 Presentation Description No description available. Comments Posting comment... By: visithra (10 month(s) ago) can u able to allow download this presentation , its very useful... Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: snajmee (12 month(s) ago) hi all, i have done drilling fluids engineering from USA. if you guys are interested to ask any question i would luv to answer you. Saving..... Post Reply Close By: refiningman (7 month(s) ago) plz , i want to make a report about polymer based drilling fluids, could u provide me with any data please? my e-mail is eng_ahmedarafa@hotmail.com Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: omar410 (12 month(s) ago) Just make account on this site & enjoy. Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: mahmoudtayel (12 month(s) ago) good peresentation i want to download it Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: szendehb (12 month(s) ago) Hi, I am very interested in knowing about the drilling fluids. I appreciate it highly if you let me to have your slides. they are very informative. Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close loading.... See all Premium member Presentation Transcript Drilling fluid : Drilling fluid In geotechnical engineerings, drilling fluid is a fluid used to drill boreholes into the earth These contain significant amounts of suspended solids, emulsified water or oil. Mud includes all types of water-base, oil-base and synthetic-base drilling fluids. A typical mud should consist of : A typical mud should consist of A continuous phase (liquid phase). A dispersed gel forming phase. Inert dispersed solids i.e. weighting material sand. Chemical to control properities. Properties of Drilling Fluids : Properties of Drilling Fluids Following are some prominent properties of drilling fluids. Density Alkanity Viscosity Flow properties Density of mud : Density of mud Density is defined as weight per unit volume. The pressure exerted by a static mud column depends on both the density and the depth; The buoyancy effect In the interest of well safety, there is a natural tendency to carry a mud density well above that actually needed to control the formation fluids Alkalinity : Alkalinity Alkalinity measurements are made to determine the amount of lime in “lime treated muds”. The mud is titrated to determine the total amount of lime, soluble and insoluble, in the system. Viscosity : Viscosity It tells us something about the expected behavior of the mud at the bit. It should be kept in desirable range. high viscosity is never desirable and should be maintained as low as practical. Pipe sticking, Hole bridging Flow Properties : Flow Properties The flow properties of the drilling fluid play vital role in the success of the drilling operation. These properties are primarily responsible for removal of the drill cuttings. flow behavior of fluids is governed by flow regimes Turbulent flow Laminar Flow: Functions : Functions Cooling and lubrication Removal and transportation cuttings Suspension of cuttings Controlling the subsurface pressures Walling the hole with impermeable filter cake. Cooling and lubrication : Cooling and lubrication Heat generated by friction at bit and other contact points between drill-string & hole well is absorbed by Drilling fluids. Ability of a mud to absorb heat depends on its Specific heat and the circulation volume. Improper lubrication of bit and drill-string will cause excessive Torque and reduced bit bearing life. Timken test Machine has been adapted for measuring lubricity of drilling muds by Gulf Researchers. Removal and transportation cuttings : Removal and transportation cuttings Rapidity of cutting of cutting removal has considerable effect on drilling efficiency and hence on penetration rate.It is governed by mud velocity. The velocity of fluid is dependent on whether the fluid flow is Turbulent or Laminar. In Laminar flow particles at the centre rise rapidly while with wall slowly. Also flattish particles tend to overturn. In Turbulent flow velocity profile is much flatter and overturning will not occur, Under this condition particles will keep their maximum area normal to the mud and will steadily rise up. Williams & Bruce conclude that Low viscosity & low gel strength muds are the most effective cutting Lifter. Suspension of cuttings : Suspension of cuttings Cuttings suspension ability during periods of non-circulation is primarily depends on get strength viscosity density Controlling the subsurface pressures : Controlling the subsurface pressures Encountered sub surface pressure is controlled by the pressure exerted by drilling mud. Pm=0.052pmD Pm=Static pressure exerted by mud column with depth D pm=Mud density lb/gallons D=Depth (ft) Pm is less than circulating pressure by an amount equal to annular hydraulic losses.Mud’s borehole density may be greater than the measured because of cutting contents acquired in the hole.ud density is primary property governing the pressure control funtion. Walling the hole with impermeable filter cake. : Walling the hole with impermeable filter cake. Important mud function is to wall the bore hole with impermeable filter cake. Mud solids bridge the minute pores in the rock. There may be lost circulation. Types of drilling fluid : Types of drilling fluid Following are some types of drilling fluids Air Air/water Air/polymer Water Water-based mud (WBM) Oil-based mud (OBM) Synthetic-based fluid (SBM) Slide 15: Air Compressed air is pumped either down the bore hole's annular space or down the drilling string itself. Air/water The same as above, with water added to increase viscosity, flush the hole, provide more cooling, and/or to control dust. Air/polymer A specially formulated chemical, most often referred to as a type of polymer, is added to the water & air mixture to create specific conditions. A foaming agent is a good example of a polymer. Slide 16: Water Water by itself is sometimes used. Water-based mud (WBM) A most basic water-based mud system begins with water, then clays and other chemicals are incorporated into the water to create a homogenous blend. .The clay (called "shale" in its rock form) the most common of these is benotnite , frequently referred to in the oilfield as “gel”. Many other chemicals (e.g. potassium formate) are added to a WBM system to achieve various effects, including: viscosity control, shale stability, enhance drilling rate of penetration, cooling and lubricating of equipment. Slide 17: Oil-based mud (OBM) Oil-based mud can be a mud where the base fluid is a petroleum product such as diesel fuel. Oil-based muds are used for many reasons, some being increased lubricity and enhanced shale inhibition. Oil-based muds also withstand greater heat without breaking down. Synthetic-based fluid (SBM) Synthetic-based fluid is a mud where the base fluid is a synthetic oil. This is most often used on offshore rigs because it has the properties of an oil-based mud, but the toxicity of the fluid fumes are much less than an oil-based fluid. This is important when men work with the fluid in an enclosed space such as an offshore drilling rig. Slide 18: Water-based drilling mud most commonly consists of bentonite clay (gel) with additives such as barium sulfate (barite), calcium carbonate (chalk) or hem atite. Various thickeners are used to influence the viscosity of the fluid, e.g. glycol, carboxymethylcellulose and starch. In turn, deflocculants are used to reduce viscosity of clay-based muds; anionic polyelectrolytes ( tannic acid derivates such as Quebracho) are frequently used. Red mud was the name for a Quebracho-based mixture, named after the color of the red tannic acid salts; it was commonly used in 1940s to 1950s, then was made obsolete when lignosulfonates became available. Composition of drilling mud Drilling Hazards depending upon Mud control : Drilling Hazards depending upon Mud control Salt section hole enlargement Heaving Shale problem Blowouts Lost Circulation Salt section hole enlargement : Salt section hole enlargement In many areas considerable thickness of rock salt is penetrated. Solution & Erosion ------excessive hole enlargement -----Future trouble & expense Effects are seen in Finishing operation System filling Casing operation Heaving Shale problem : Heaving Shale problem Hydratable clays or Bentonite absorb water and swell Effects Pipe sticking Excessive solid building in mud Hole bridging Heaving Shale problem : Heaving Shale problem Solution Changing the mud system to inhibitive Increasing the circulation rate Increasing mud density Decreasing water loss of mud Changing to emulsion mud Changing to oil based mud Depending on the severity of occurrence any of these may be adopted. Blowouts : Blowouts A blowout occurs when encountered formation pressures exceeds the mud column pressure which allows the formation fluids to blow out of the hole. Most Spectacular & expensive hazard. Blowouts : Blowouts Solution Proper Density maintenance Pipe pulling suction Lost Circulation : Lost Circulation Loss of substantial quantities of whole mud to an encountered formation Evidenced by complete or partial loss of returns Cause Formation permeability is sufficiently great Lost Circulation : Lost Circulation Effect Blowout No info about formation being drilled Sticking the drillpipe Time loss & cost increase Solution Alteration in mud property You do not have the permission to view this presentation. In order to view it, please contact the author of the presentation.
drilling fluids omar410 Download Post to : URL : Related Presentations : Share Add to Flag Embed Email Send to Blogs and Networks Add to Channel Uploaded from authorPOINT lite Insert YouTube videos in PowerPont slides with aS Desktop Copy embed code: (To copy code, click on the text box) Embed: URL: Thumbnail: WordPress Embed Customize Embed The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites. Views: 1693 Category: Science & Tech.. License: All Rights Reserved Like it (4) Dislike it (1) Added: August 19, 2010 This Presentation is Public Favorites: 1 Presentation Description No description available. Comments Posting comment... By: visithra (10 month(s) ago) can u able to allow download this presentation , its very useful... Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: snajmee (12 month(s) ago) hi all, i have done drilling fluids engineering from USA. if you guys are interested to ask any question i would luv to answer you. Saving..... Post Reply Close By: refiningman (7 month(s) ago) plz , i want to make a report about polymer based drilling fluids, could u provide me with any data please? my e-mail is eng_ahmedarafa@hotmail.com Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: omar410 (12 month(s) ago) Just make account on this site & enjoy. Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: mahmoudtayel (12 month(s) ago) good peresentation i want to download it Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: szendehb (12 month(s) ago) Hi, I am very interested in knowing about the drilling fluids. I appreciate it highly if you let me to have your slides. they are very informative. Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close loading.... See all Premium member Presentation Transcript Drilling fluid : Drilling fluid In geotechnical engineerings, drilling fluid is a fluid used to drill boreholes into the earth These contain significant amounts of suspended solids, emulsified water or oil. Mud includes all types of water-base, oil-base and synthetic-base drilling fluids. A typical mud should consist of : A typical mud should consist of A continuous phase (liquid phase). A dispersed gel forming phase. Inert dispersed solids i.e. weighting material sand. Chemical to control properities. Properties of Drilling Fluids : Properties of Drilling Fluids Following are some prominent properties of drilling fluids. Density Alkanity Viscosity Flow properties Density of mud : Density of mud Density is defined as weight per unit volume. The pressure exerted by a static mud column depends on both the density and the depth; The buoyancy effect In the interest of well safety, there is a natural tendency to carry a mud density well above that actually needed to control the formation fluids Alkalinity : Alkalinity Alkalinity measurements are made to determine the amount of lime in “lime treated muds”. The mud is titrated to determine the total amount of lime, soluble and insoluble, in the system. Viscosity : Viscosity It tells us something about the expected behavior of the mud at the bit. It should be kept in desirable range. high viscosity is never desirable and should be maintained as low as practical. Pipe sticking, Hole bridging Flow Properties : Flow Properties The flow properties of the drilling fluid play vital role in the success of the drilling operation. These properties are primarily responsible for removal of the drill cuttings. flow behavior of fluids is governed by flow regimes Turbulent flow Laminar Flow: Functions : Functions Cooling and lubrication Removal and transportation cuttings Suspension of cuttings Controlling the subsurface pressures Walling the hole with impermeable filter cake. Cooling and lubrication : Cooling and lubrication Heat generated by friction at bit and other contact points between drill-string & hole well is absorbed by Drilling fluids. Ability of a mud to absorb heat depends on its Specific heat and the circulation volume. Improper lubrication of bit and drill-string will cause excessive Torque and reduced bit bearing life. Timken test Machine has been adapted for measuring lubricity of drilling muds by Gulf Researchers. Removal and transportation cuttings : Removal and transportation cuttings Rapidity of cutting of cutting removal has considerable effect on drilling efficiency and hence on penetration rate.It is governed by mud velocity. The velocity of fluid is dependent on whether the fluid flow is Turbulent or Laminar. In Laminar flow particles at the centre rise rapidly while with wall slowly. Also flattish particles tend to overturn. In Turbulent flow velocity profile is much flatter and overturning will not occur, Under this condition particles will keep their maximum area normal to the mud and will steadily rise up. Williams & Bruce conclude that Low viscosity & low gel strength muds are the most effective cutting Lifter. Suspension of cuttings : Suspension of cuttings Cuttings suspension ability during periods of non-circulation is primarily depends on get strength viscosity density Controlling the subsurface pressures : Controlling the subsurface pressures Encountered sub surface pressure is controlled by the pressure exerted by drilling mud. Pm=0.052pmD Pm=Static pressure exerted by mud column with depth D pm=Mud density lb/gallons D=Depth (ft) Pm is less than circulating pressure by an amount equal to annular hydraulic losses.Mud’s borehole density may be greater than the measured because of cutting contents acquired in the hole.ud density is primary property governing the pressure control funtion. Walling the hole with impermeable filter cake. : Walling the hole with impermeable filter cake. Important mud function is to wall the bore hole with impermeable filter cake. Mud solids bridge the minute pores in the rock. There may be lost circulation. Types of drilling fluid : Types of drilling fluid Following are some types of drilling fluids Air Air/water Air/polymer Water Water-based mud (WBM) Oil-based mud (OBM) Synthetic-based fluid (SBM) Slide 15: Air Compressed air is pumped either down the bore hole's annular space or down the drilling string itself. Air/water The same as above, with water added to increase viscosity, flush the hole, provide more cooling, and/or to control dust. Air/polymer A specially formulated chemical, most often referred to as a type of polymer, is added to the water & air mixture to create specific conditions. A foaming agent is a good example of a polymer. Slide 16: Water Water by itself is sometimes used. Water-based mud (WBM) A most basic water-based mud system begins with water, then clays and other chemicals are incorporated into the water to create a homogenous blend. .The clay (called "shale" in its rock form) the most common of these is benotnite , frequently referred to in the oilfield as “gel”. Many other chemicals (e.g. potassium formate) are added to a WBM system to achieve various effects, including: viscosity control, shale stability, enhance drilling rate of penetration, cooling and lubricating of equipment. Slide 17: Oil-based mud (OBM) Oil-based mud can be a mud where the base fluid is a petroleum product such as diesel fuel. Oil-based muds are used for many reasons, some being increased lubricity and enhanced shale inhibition. Oil-based muds also withstand greater heat without breaking down. Synthetic-based fluid (SBM) Synthetic-based fluid is a mud where the base fluid is a synthetic oil. This is most often used on offshore rigs because it has the properties of an oil-based mud, but the toxicity of the fluid fumes are much less than an oil-based fluid. This is important when men work with the fluid in an enclosed space such as an offshore drilling rig. Slide 18: Water-based drilling mud most commonly consists of bentonite clay (gel) with additives such as barium sulfate (barite), calcium carbonate (chalk) or hem atite. Various thickeners are used to influence the viscosity of the fluid, e.g. glycol, carboxymethylcellulose and starch. In turn, deflocculants are used to reduce viscosity of clay-based muds; anionic polyelectrolytes ( tannic acid derivates such as Quebracho) are frequently used. Red mud was the name for a Quebracho-based mixture, named after the color of the red tannic acid salts; it was commonly used in 1940s to 1950s, then was made obsolete when lignosulfonates became available. Composition of drilling mud Drilling Hazards depending upon Mud control : Drilling Hazards depending upon Mud control Salt section hole enlargement Heaving Shale problem Blowouts Lost Circulation Salt section hole enlargement : Salt section hole enlargement In many areas considerable thickness of rock salt is penetrated. Solution & Erosion ------excessive hole enlargement -----Future trouble & expense Effects are seen in Finishing operation System filling Casing operation Heaving Shale problem : Heaving Shale problem Hydratable clays or Bentonite absorb water and swell Effects Pipe sticking Excessive solid building in mud Hole bridging Heaving Shale problem : Heaving Shale problem Solution Changing the mud system to inhibitive Increasing the circulation rate Increasing mud density Decreasing water loss of mud Changing to emulsion mud Changing to oil based mud Depending on the severity of occurrence any of these may be adopted. Blowouts : Blowouts A blowout occurs when encountered formation pressures exceeds the mud column pressure which allows the formation fluids to blow out of the hole. Most Spectacular & expensive hazard. Blowouts : Blowouts Solution Proper Density maintenance Pipe pulling suction Lost Circulation : Lost Circulation Loss of substantial quantities of whole mud to an encountered formation Evidenced by complete or partial loss of returns Cause Formation permeability is sufficiently great Lost Circulation : Lost Circulation Effect Blowout No info about formation being drilled Sticking the drillpipe Time loss & cost increase Solution Alteration in mud property