ped4470 central tendency

ped4470measures of central tendency: 

ped4470measures of central tendency Kinesiology and Sport Studies Department Ovande Furtado, M.S. “If you wait to do everything until you're sure it's right, you'll probably never do much of anything.” (Win Borden)

Important Notation: 

Important Notation Σ is read as "the sum of" X is an observed score N = the number of observations X = Mean 2

Percentile rank: 

Percentile rank The percentage of observations that fall at a given point and below that point Range from 0% to 100% 60th percentile = 40% fall above, 60% below Separate-sex norms Comparison with same sex and opposite sex 3

Percentile rank: 

Percentile rank 4

The Mode: 

The Mode 5 Most frequently observed score (32, 44 33 23 12 44) (8, 9, 11, 23, 11, 23, 10, 24, 22, 10, 22, 10, 22) http://www.shodor.org/interactivate/tools/ Useful when studying nominal variables: Race, college major, gender

The Median: 

The Median 6 Middle score, 50% above, 50% below Not affected by extreme scores If # of scores is odd, the median is the middle score If # of score is even, take the average of the 2 middle scores Used with ordinal or interval data

The Mean: 

The Mean 7 Where do the scores tend to center? Average score Affected by extreme scores, especially w/ small populations Most often used for additional statistical techniques Most appropriate for ratio data and often used on interval data

The Mean: 

The Mean 8 Formula Where: ∑X is the sum of values X, and n is the number of X values

Differences: 

Differences 9

Measures of Variability: 

Measures of Variability 10 Variability: Spread or scattering of scores Range: High score - low score Least useful measure of variability Useful for data entry

Measures of Variability: 

Measures of Variability Variance: Spread of scores from mean If all score are equal, variance = 0 Standard deviation: Equals square root of the variance Describes scatter of scores around the mean 11

Important Notation: 

Important Notation This template is formatted with a 16:9 “widescreen” aspect ratio. It’s a great way to take advantage of laptops, televisions and projectors equipped with widescreen displays. Even if you do not have a widescreen display, you can still create and present 16:9 slides. PowerPoint’s Slide Show always resizes your slides to fit any screen. 12

Widescreen Advantages: 

Widescreen Advantages Side by side material fits more naturally. Widescreen adds drama to graphics and images. 13

Widescreen Graphics: 

Widescreen Graphics Even a single graphic, such as a chart, can be presented more dramatically in widescreen. 14

Widescreen Pictures: 

Pictures can also be presented more dramatically in widescreen. Widescreen Pictures 15

Creating 16:9 Presentations: 

Creating 16:9 Presentations Important: Always start with your slide size set to the aspect ratio you intend to use. If you change the slide size after you’ve created some slides, your pictures and other graphics will be resized. This could potentially distort their appearance. To setup a widescreen presentation, do one of the following: Start with this template. Simply delete the example slides and add your own content. Or, go to the Design tab and open the Page Setup Dialog. Click the Slide Size dropdown and pick On-screen Show (16:9) (Note: we also support 16:10, which is a common widescreen laptop resolution. ) 16

Slide Show Tips: 

Slide Show Tips To present in true widescreen, you’ll need a computer and, optionally, a projector or flat panel that can output widescreen resolutions. Common computer widescreen resolutions are 1280 x 800 and 1440 x 900. (These are 16:10 aspect ratio, but will work well with 16:9 projectors and screens.) Standard high definition televisions resolutions are1280 x 720 and 1920 x 1080. Use the Test Pattern on the next slide to verify your slide show settings. 17

Slide 18: 

Widescreen Test Pattern (16:9) Aspect Ratio Test (Should appear circular) 16x9 4x3 18

Normal distribution of scores: 

Normal distribution of scores Important: Always start with your slide size set to the aspect ratio you intend to use. If you change the slide size after you’ve created some slides, your pictures and other graphics will be resized. This could potentially distort their appearance. 19