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Presentation Transcript

EPILEPSY : 

EPILEPSY By Irfan Ullah M.I.O,NSC Peshawar

EPILEPSY : 

EPILEPSY Epilepsy is a disorder in which people experience repeated seizures. It is a condition that affects the electrical activity of the brain, making a person likely to have seizure.

SEIZURES : 

SEIZURES It is defined as hyper-excitement of the neurons in the brain that may lead to a number of symptoms, which vary depending on where the disruption occurs in the brain and where the abnormal electrical activity spreads. For instance, the symptoms of a partial seizure might only be tingling in a finger, while a generalized seizure can cause a daydreaming-like effect or a loss of consciousness, along with uncontrollable jerking motions.

BRAIN PARTS : 

BRAIN PARTS

NEURON : 

NEURON

IONS & NEURON : 

IONS & NEURON

Action Potential : 

Action Potential

SYNAPSE : 

SYNAPSE

SYNAPSE : 

SYNAPSE

NEUROTRANSMITTERS : 

NEUROTRANSMITTERS

NEUROTRANSMITTERS : 

NEUROTRANSMITTERS

Synthesis of neurotransmitters : 

Synthesis of neurotransmitters A. Peptide: (1) A precursor peptide is synthesized in the rER(2) precursor peptide is cleaved in the Golgi bodies to yield the active neurotransmitter (3) secretary vesicles containing the peptide bud off from the Golgi bodies(4) secretary granules are transported down the axon to the terminal where the peptide is stored. B.Amine and amino acid neurotransmitters: (1) Enzymes convert precursor molecules into neurotransmitter molecules in the cytosol(2) transporter proteins load the neurotransmitter into synaptic vesicles in the terminal, where they are stored.

Synthesis of neurotransmitters : 

Synthesis of neurotransmitters

CAUSE OF SEIZURES : 

CAUSE OF SEIZURES

Causes of Epilepsy : 

Causes of Epilepsy

Classification of Seizures : 

Classification of Seizures

Classification of Seizures : 

Classification of Seizures

Classification of Seizures : 

Classification of Seizures A. Primary Generalized Seizure B. Partial Seizure C. Partial Seizure with Secondary Generalization

Classification of Seizures : 

Classification of Seizures

Partial Seizures : 

Partial Seizures It begin in one place in the brain, called the seizure focus, and affect only part of the brain. Depending on where they start and which parts of the brain they involve, partial seizures may or may not alter consciousness or awareness.

Simple Partial Seizures : 

Simple Partial Seizures Remain conscious. Aware of Environment. Contraction of one part of body i.e. finger, hand etc. No Aura. Discharge localized.

Simple Partial Seizures : 

Simple Partial Seizures

Aura : 

Aura An aura is another name for a simple partial seizure. It often serves as a warning that a bigger seizure will follow.

Complex Partial Seizures : 

Complex Partial Seizures Consciousness is impaired. Unaware of Environment. Aura is present. Contraction of one part of body i.e. finger, hand etc. Discharge localized.

Complex Partial Seizures : 

Complex Partial Seizures

Generalized Seizures : 

Generalized Seizures In generalized seizures, abnormal excessive electricity occurs throughout the whole brain at once, with no apparent focal point of onset or warning beforehand. Generalized seizures alter consciousness. They can be convulsive or non-convulsive.

GENERALIZED SEIZURES : 

GENERALIZED SEIZURES Tonic clonic Seizures Tonic seizures Atonic seizures Absences seizures Myoclonic seizures

Tonic Colonic Seizures : 

Tonic Colonic Seizures

Absence Seizures : 

Absence Seizures

Myclonic Seizures : 

Myclonic Seizures

TRIGGERING OF SEIZURES : 

TRIGGERING OF SEIZURES Different things can trigger seizures in people with epilepsy. By many factors, including: Missing a dose of medication Tiredness Missing meals Taking illicit drugs Increased stress level Flashing lights Drinking alcohol Overheating or overexertion (hyperthermia)

DIAGNOSIS : 

DIAGNOSIS Patient History Neurological Examination CSF Examination EEG MRI CT

RISK FACTORS : 

RISK FACTORS Metabolic changes Electrolyte disturbance Oxygen shortage Excess carbon dioxide Lack of sleep Emotional stimuli Drugs

Epilepsy Video : 

Epilepsy Video

Epilepsy Video : 

Epilepsy Video

Epilepsy Video : 

Epilepsy Video