FEMALE GENITAL MUTILATION AWARENESS

FEMALE GENITAL MUTILATION : 

SPREAD THE WORD FEMALE GENITAL MUTILATION

What is Female Genital Mutilation? : 

What is Female Genital Mutilation?

Slide 3: 

The Partial or Full Removal of a Female’s External Genitalia Through Cutting or Burning A Violation of Human Rights

There Are Four Types Of FGM Practiced : 

There Are Four Types Of FGM Practiced

TYPE I Removal of the Prepuce With or Without Full or Partial Excision of Part or All of the Clitoris : 

TYPE I Removal of the Prepuce With or Without Full or Partial Excision of Part or All of the Clitoris

TYPE IIComplete Clitoris Excision, With Partial or Full Excision of the Labia Minora : 

TYPE IIComplete Clitoris Excision, With Partial or Full Excision of the Labia Minora

TYPE IIIStitching the Vaginal Opening and Removal of All or Part of the External Genitalia : 

TYPE IIIStitching the Vaginal Opening and Removal of All or Part of the External Genitalia

TYPE IVPiercing, Slitting, Stretching, or Incising of the Labia or Clitoris, Cauterization by Burning of the Clitoris and its Surrounding Tissues, Vaginal Cutting, Scraping of the Tissue Surrounding the Vaginal Cavity, & the Introduction of Herbs or Corrosive Products into the Vagina to Initiate Bleeding to Tighten and Narrow the Vaginal Canal : 

TYPE IVPiercing, Slitting, Stretching, or Incising of the Labia or Clitoris, Cauterization by Burning of the Clitoris and its Surrounding Tissues, Vaginal Cutting, Scraping of the Tissue Surrounding the Vaginal Cavity, & the Introduction of Herbs or Corrosive Products into the Vagina to Initiate Bleeding to Tighten and Narrow the Vaginal Canal

It Is Estimated That 140 Million Females Are Currently Living With Some Form Of Female Genital Mutilation : 

It Is Estimated That 140 Million Females Are Currently Living With Some Form Of Female Genital Mutilation

This Year Approximately 3 Million Girls In Africa Will Be Subjected To FGM, Most Of Them Will Be Younger Than Fifteen : 

This Year Approximately 3 Million Girls In Africa Will Be Subjected To FGM, Most Of Them Will Be Younger Than Fifteen

Where Does FGM Occur? : 

Where Does FGM Occur?

The Majority of FGM Occurs in Africa Where it is Prevalent in 28 Countries Prevalence in African Countries Ranges From Approximately 5%-98%There Are a Few Minority Groups in Asia Who Also Practice FGM : 

The Majority of FGM Occurs in Africa Where it is Prevalent in 28 Countries Prevalence in African Countries Ranges From Approximately 5%-98%There Are a Few Minority Groups in Asia Who Also Practice FGM

What Are The Harms Of Female Genital Mutilation? : 

What Are The Harms Of Female Genital Mutilation?

Immediate Harm : 

Immediate Harm Hemorrhage from the Internal Pudendal Artery or Dorsal Artery of the Clitoris Tetanus Urinary Retention Urinary Tract Infection Septicemia Fracture of the Humerus, Femur, or Clavicle from Being Restrained Fever Death from Septic Shock or Hemorrhage

Short-Term Harm : 

Infection Anemia Malnutrition Necretizing Fascitis Hepatitis Endometritis (inflammation of uterine lining) Possible HIV Infection Short-Term Harm

Long-Term Harm : 

Long-Term Harm Urinary Incontinence Chronic Urinary Tract Infection Keloid Scars Dermoid & Inclusion Cysts Chronic Abscess Formation Clitoral Neuroma (tumor of nerve tissue) Vesicovaginal & Rectovaginal Fistulas Chronic Vaginal Inflammation Vaginal Narrowing Calculus Formation of the Vagina Hematocolpos (retention of menstrual blood) Vulvar Ulcers Painful Mestruation Sensitive Vulva/Perineum/Vagina

Psychological Harms : 

Anxiety Depression Fear of Sexual Intercourse Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Fear of Infertility Psychological Harms

Why is FGM Practiced? : 

Why is FGM Practiced?

Psychosexual ReasonsDecrease Sexual Desire in Females, Increase Male Pleasure During Intercourse, Maintain Chastity Before Marriage, & Maintain Fidelity Within Marriage : 

Psychosexual ReasonsDecrease Sexual Desire in Females, Increase Male Pleasure During Intercourse, Maintain Chastity Before Marriage, & Maintain Fidelity Within Marriage

Sociological ReasonsTransition From Childhood to Womanhood, Social Cohesion & Integration, & Cultural Tradition : 

Sociological ReasonsTransition From Childhood to Womanhood, Social Cohesion & Integration, & Cultural Tradition

Hygiene, Appearance, & MythsFemale Genitalia is Considered Unclean & GrotesqueSome Cultures Believe FGM Improves Fertility : 

Hygiene, Appearance, & MythsFemale Genitalia is Considered Unclean & GrotesqueSome Cultures Believe FGM Improves Fertility

YOU CAN HELP : 

YOU CAN HELP

RAISE AWARENESS : 

RAISE AWARENESS

For More Information & Ways To Get Involved Visithttp://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs241/en/ : 

For More Information & Ways To Get Involved Visithttp://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs241/en/

PHOTOGRAPHS FROM: : 

Scrapetv.com http://filipspagnoli.files.wordpress.com/2008/08/female_circumcision.jpg Jezebel.com http://www.middle-east-info.org/gateway/genocide/fmgwoman.jpg http://media.canada.com/idl/ntnp/20070825/ntnp_20070825_a006_cautiouscritici_14383_mi0001.jpg http://debbiekaufman.files.wordpress.com/2008/08/circs.jpg http://madalenalobaotellosnetwork2.ning.com/ Yementimes.com PHOTOGRAPHS FROM:

INFORMATION FROM: : 

http://reproductiverights.org/en/document/female-genital-mutilation-fgm-legal-prohibitions-worldwide Kelley, E., & Hillard, P. J. A., (2005). Female genital mutilation. Adolescent and Pediatric Gynecology, 17, 490-494 Nicoletti, A. (2007). Female genital cutting. Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology, 20, 261-262 http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs241/en/ Toubia, N. (1994). Female circumcision as a public health issue. The New England Journal of Medicine, 331(11), 712-716. INFORMATION FROM: