The Temperate forests of world

Temperate Deciduous Forest:

Temperate Deciduous Forest By: Noor

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Temperate forests of the world & its benefits and harms

NOOR UD DIN Roll.No; 12 Msc Bot(eve) 4th sem U O S :

NOOR UD DIN Roll.No ; 12 Msc Bot (eve) 4 th sem U O S

Dr. KAFEEL AHMAD Dpt. Of Biological Science Uni Of Sargodha:

Dr. KAFEEL AHMAD Dpt. Of Biological Science Uni Of Sargodha The most respected and honorable

Humid Subtropical and Humid Continental also known as Temperate Forest:

Humid Subtropical and Humid Continental also known as Temperate Forest

Temperate Forest:

Temperate Forest Temperate Forests are areas with high levels of precipitation, humidity and contain a variety of deciduous trees . Deciduous trees lose their leaves in winter. Temperate forests are home to a wide variety of animals. These animals include various insects and spiders, wolves, foxes, bears, coyotes, bobcats, mountain lions, eagles, rabbits, deer, skunks, squirrels, raccoons, moose and hummingbirds.

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Temperate forests do not exist in a temperate environment. They face extreme fluctuations in daily and seasonal temperatures that stress the physiological activity of plants and animals. Deciduous forests are leafless during the winter and in northern regions remain leafless for most of the year. They are exposed to droughts and, in places, flooding. In spite of their intemperate environment, temperate forest ecosystems are able to maintain high productivity.

Temperate Deciduous Forest: :

Temperate Deciduous Forest: Temperate deciduous forest is a category of biomes. A biome is a large area having similar plant and animal characteristics. Temperate deciduous forest is a forest of deciduous trees. Which are trees that loose their leaves during the winter and grow them back in the spring. These can also be called broadleaf trees such as Maple, Oak, and Burch. The area in which this is located is in the mid-latitude areas where there are cool, rainy areas and have 4 distinct seasons.

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Temperate (Deciduous) Forests: Rainfall is abundant (30-80 inches/year; 75-150 cm) There is a well-defined growing season of between 140 and 300 days. Trees of a deciduous forest have broad leaves, which they lose in the fall and grow again in the spring. Deciduous forests generally have an abundant amount of organic material(fallen leaves and other decaying matter) which provides a rich soil.

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Where Are Deciduous Forests? Looking closely at the biome map , you'll see that the temperate deciduous forests are located primarily in the eastern half of the United States, Canada, Europe, parts of Russia, China, and Japan.

Geography of a Temperate Forest:

Geography of a Temperate Forest Temperate forest can be found between 30 and 55 latitude. Majority of this biome lies between 40 and 50 In Asia, forest covers much of Japan, eastern China, Korea, and eastern Siberia. In western Europe, it extend from southern Scandinavia to northwestern Iberia and from the British Isles through eastern Europe. Temperate forests can be found throughout North America. Near the Atlantic Coast, Great Plains, West Coast, Northern California, and southeastern Alaska. In the Southern Hemisphere, temperate forests are found in southern Chile, New Zealand, and southern Australia.

Climate in Temperate Forest:

Climate in Temperate Forest Temperatures range from hot in the summer with highs of 86 degrees Fahrenheit, to extremely cold in the winter with lows of - 22 degrees Fahrenheit .

Temperate Forest Climate:

Temperate Forest Climate Winters: cold enough to stop plant growth for several months. Summer: long periods of heat and humidity. Climate is suitable for raising crops. Four distinct seasons

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Temperate Deciduous Forest Climate Summers are warm Winters are cold Gets 75 centimeters of rain every year (that’s over 2 feet of rain!) What is special about deciduous trees? The leaves change colors and fall off the trees in autumn and grow new leaves in the spring The leaves on the ground make the dirt better and help plants grow.

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Solar Insulation: 4 Seasons -> Winter- plants and trees become dormant. -> Spring- leaves grow back and photosynthesis begins again . -> Summer- sun creates energy for plants and heavy growth occurs. -> Fall- the chlorophyll begin to decompose which is reason for leave color changes. Information Sheet on Temperate Deciduous Forests

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Temperature Precipitation Solar Insolation Limiting Factors Average 50ºF 75 to 126 cm (30 to 50 in) Four Seasons: Winter, Spring, Summer, Fall Forest Fire, Sunlight INFORMATION

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Temperate Forest -relatively large tree biomass -also called the deciduous forest, but contains evergreen needle trees as well

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Oak Tree Birch Tree Flowering Dogwood Red Maple Tree Eastern Hemlock Witch Hazel Beech Tree Sugar Maple Tawny Owls Salamander Black Bear Bobwhite Quail Northern Copperhead White-tailed Deer Eastern Cottontail Rabbit Plant Life Animal Life

Types of Plants:

Types of Plants The trees found in a temperate forest are called hardwoods Their trunks are also made of a bark that is very hard Most of the trees are maple, birch, beech, oak, hickory, and sweet gum There are many other types of trees found in the forest too. A temperate forest also contains a few pine trees and other coniferous trees There are also small plants like shrubs, moss, ferns, etc.

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Plants of the Deciduous Forest * Trees * Oak * Hickory * Maple * Beech * Flowers * Lily of the valley * Star Flower

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Mammals hibernate in the winter. Birds migrate to warmer climates. All animals make use of the layers in of the forest. Squirrels, Mice, Rabbits, Deer, Bears, and many species of Birds. Types of Animals

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Animals of the Deciduous Forest Eagle Brown Bear Black Bear Chipmunk Raccoon Porcupine Red Fox White-tailed Deer Mouse Coyote

Impacts of Humans on Temperate Forest Biome: :

Impacts of Humans on Temperate Forest Biome: Humans clear forests for agriculture, livestock grazing, timber harvesting and urban development We convert diverse forests into less biodiverse plantations Humans clear forests to extract minerals and for energy. Forest fires often started by humans, usually unintentionally have destroyed parts of many temperate forests around the world. The houses and buildings that we build around the Temperate Forests We use the Temperate Forests to hunt for animals and we use the animals as food to eat. We plant vegetables on the land of Temperate Forests for food to eat also.

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Home to 50% of earth’s plants and animal Forests are critical in maintaining the earth’s limited supply of drinking and fresh water Originally, there were 6 million square miles of forests ; As a result of deforestation, only 2.6 million square miles remain. Benefits to humans

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The TEMPERATE FORESTS are known as the lungs of the world. They provide over 20% of the world’s oxygen. 25 % of the ingredients in today's cancer-fighting drugs come from organisms found only in the forest. Around 100 plant and animal species are lost each day due to deforestation. At current rate of deforestation, all the world’s forests will have disappeared in 40 years time.

Deforestation through the years:

Deforestation through the years Scientists say the rate of deforestation will continue for the next 10 to 15 years, then there won’t be enough forest left to sustain the cutting.

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Managing Fire Relationships In many areas, protecting forests from fires has led to dramatic changes in the nature of the forest. Forest fires burned about 36% of the Park and surrounding areas. $125 million was spent trying to stop the fires.

What happens when forests are destroyed?:

What happens when forests are destroyed? Birds , which help farmers by eating insects, can’t migrate to Tropical Rainforests The people who live in the forests lose their homes, culture, and sometimes their lives. Some plants that may have medicines in them and aren’t discovered yet, will never be discovered. The climate will change because the lack of trees will cause the wind to change directions. Thousands of species of plants and animals will be destroyed forever. Floods and drought will become more common because the rainforests can’t soak up the water if they don’t exist.

Things YOU can do:

Things YOU can do Use less paper - most of the paper you write on comes from trees that were in rain-forests. Use less gas and plastic- These things come from oil, which is found in rainforests Eat less red meat- After the forests are slashed and burned, the land is used for pastures for cows. Fundraise for the forest- raising money is important to help save the rainforest. Find an organization to donate to. Write a letter- writing letters to president’s of companies that destroy rainforests. Educate yourself and others- learn about why they are so important

Deforestation :

Deforestation Thousands of forests are being cut down. Every second, an area of forest the size of a football field is destroyed. When the trees are cut down, it makes it easier for rain to wash away the land. Without the trees and other plants, floods happen in the areas where there used to be trees.

Interesting Facts:

Interesting Facts … There are many threats to the Temperate Deciduous forest, here is a list of some: 1- air pollutants from fuel burned are destroying the environments. 2- acid rain is destroying the forests causing plants to make less seeds 3- human occupation 4- forest fires 5- mining destroys the land

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Thanx to all of you