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Edit Comment Close Premium member Presentation Transcript Intracranial Space Occupying Lesions: Intracranial Space Occupying Lesions Dr Rahul Chakor MD.,DM Dept of Neurology T. N. Medical. College B. Y. L. Nair Hospital MumbaiOutline of Talk: Outline of Talk General Comments List IC SOLs Neoplasms Symptoms and signsIC SOLs: IC SOLs Occupy physical space within the cranial cavity Results in symptoms and signs due to > Dysfunction of the nearby structures > Pressure symptoms - Rise in intracranial pressure > Electrical disturbance - SeizuresIC SOLs: S/S are due to location of the SOL irrespective of etiology S/S often reflect the rapidity of growth ( expansile nature ) of the SOL * Slowly growing SOLs produce not many S/S * Rapidly growing SOLs produce many S/S Tendency to cause ↑ ICP IC SOLsIC SOLs: Pathology – Benign, malignant Extent of involvement of important structures – Early detection Tumors in silent areas may reach considerable size before becoming apparent IC SOLsIC SOLs: Neuroanatomy – Lobes, cortical, subcortical structures Blood supply Loss of Function due to various pathologic process IC SOLsSlide 8: Frontal lobe Cognition Executive Motor –Pr & Sec Motor speech Behavior Praxis Eye movements Dysexecutive Disinhibition Apathetic Temporal Lobe Memory Emotions Sexual Auditory Auditory Comprehension Kluver Bucy S Parietal Sensory Gerstmann’s S Construction Dressing Visuospatial Attention Occipital Vision Color Balint’s S Visual AgnosiaIC SOLs: IC SOLs Brain parenchyma – astrocytoma, oligodendroglioma, Medulloblastoma (precursor cells), developmental (DNET) Meninges – meningioma Cranial nerves – acoustic neuromas, optic gliomas Skull - HFN Squamous cell Ca, osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma,angiosarcomaIC SOLs: IC SOLs Infective SOLs Brain Abscess Subdural Abscess Epidural Abscess Hydatid Cyst Granulomas Neurocysticercosis Tuberculoma Hemorrhage Intracerebral Subdural Epidural Neoplasms Malignant * Primary * Metastasis BenignSlide 11: Intra axial Astrocytoma Oligodendrogliomas CNS Lymphoma Metastasis Extra axial Meningiomas Schwanomma Metastasis (Epidural) SkullIC Tumors: IC Tumors Overall Incidence of 25 per 100,000 per year Incidence of Malignant IC tumors 7 per 100,000 per year Incidence of non malignant tumors 7 per 100, 000 per year 40 to 50 % IC tumors are gliomas 15 to 20% IC tumors are meningiomas Metastases is 10 times common than Primary CNS tumorsPrimary Brain Tumors: Primary Brain Tumors Glial tumors (Glioma) - 50 to 60% Astrocytoma (Commonest), Glioblastoma, oligodendroglioma, ependymoma Meningioma - 25% Schwannoma - 10% Remaining - 10 to 15%Astrocytomas: Astrocytomas Grade I Juvenile Pilocytic astrocytoma Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma Grade II Fibrillary astrocytoma Grade III Anaplastic astrocytoma Grade IV Glioblastoma MultiformMetastasis: Metastasis More prevalent than Primary CNS tumors 10:1 ratio Known cancer - Lung, Breast, Prostate, Melenoma,ovary Supratentorial, multiple, gray white junction, enhancement, edema CNS Metastases as initial manifestation in 10 to 30% cases (70% Lung cancer)Clinical features: Clinical features Headache - ↑ ICP, stretching or pressure of pain sensitive structures (dura, vessels, nerves, sinuses), referred pain Seizures - 4% of Epilepsy is due to IC SOLs , partial, secondarily generalized Cognitive dysfunction - Location, grade Nausea, vomiting - ↑ ICP, posterior fossa Visual symptoms - obscuration, papilloedema, bitemporal hemianopia, diplopia, hallucinationsSlide 18: Neurological evaluation Localization Extent PapilloedemaSlide 19: Pilocytic astrocytomaSlide 20: Pilocytic astrocytomaSlide 21: Primary CNS LymphomaSlide 22: OligodendrogliomaSlide 23: Meningioma ● Parasagittal ● Tentorial ● Convexity ● Subfrontal ● Cerebellopontine angle ● Sphenoid wing ● Foramen magnum ● Optic nerve NeuroimagingSlide 24: Acoustic NeuromaSlide 25: Gliobastoma MultiformSlide 26: Low grade GliomaSlide 27: MeningiomaSlide 28: Metastases - LungManagement: Management Immediate *Corticosteroids - 16mg then 12 to 24mg/day *Ventricular drainage or shunt for hydrocephalus *Ventilate and hyperventilation *Surgical decompression *Mannitol (sometimes) 1g/kg bolus then 200 to 700mg/kg every 4 to 6 hrly *FrusemideSlide 30: Antiepileptics *If seizures - Carbamazepine, Oxcarbazepine *If Status Epilepticus - Treat accordingly *No need of prophylactic AED therapy DVT prophylaxis *If high risk: Intermediate Management MRI (spectroscopy, diffusion images) CT of chest abdomen for ? Metastasis If Imaging diagnosis is uncertain Is it a primary or a secondary tumorGood clinical practice: Good clinical practice Multidisciplinary meeting to discuss management plan Timely, verbal, written communication between the doctor, patient and near ones. Between doctors involved in care. Histopathology is the key to appropriate treatment and accurate prognosis Not to discuss details of treatment before the diagnosis is certainSlide 33: Biopsy versus resection * Biopsy to confirm histological type and grade of tumor * Maximal resection for lobar tumors in <60 yr and good Karnofsky score * Deep hemispheric and diffuse cerebral tumors, elderly, poor performance score - safe resection not possible hence biopsy for confirming diagnosisLow grade Glioma (Gr I or II): Low grade Glioma (Gr I or II) Gr I - complete resection leads to cure. Radiation only if incomplete resection Gr I & II - Watchful waiting with interval scans at 3, 6 months Surgical treatment only if tumor progression Surgical biopsy at diagnosis to confirm gradeLow grade Glioma (Gr I or II): Radiothearpy *Early - At histological diagnosis *Late - At radiological or surgical progression *45-50 Gy over 5 weeks in 25 fractions *Radiation induced leukoencephalopathy ? Chemotherapy Oligodendroglioma in children Low grade Glioma (Gr I or II)High grade Glioma (Gr III or IV): Prognosis better if *Age <40yr *Performance >70 *Gr III better tha IV *Tumor type (oligo better than astro) *? Extent of resection High grade Glioma (Gr III or IV)High grade Glioma (Gr III or IV): Surgery * No definite evidence that extent of resection improves survival * Morbidity related to location (eloquent versus non-eloquent) & extent of resection Radiotherapy * Standard postoperative external beam radiotherapy * 60 Gy in 30 fractions, 2 Gy over week days over 6 week period * Stereotactic radiotherapy, brachtherapy High grade Glioma (Gr III or IV)High grade Glioma (Gr III or IV): Chemotherapy Temozolomide -75mg/m2 per day for 7 days a week with radiotherapy for 6 weeks. Then 150-200mg/m2 on days 1 to 5 of each month for 6 cycles. Procarbazine with nitrosiureas and vincristine Multimodality approach High grade Glioma (Gr III or IV)Thanks !!!: Thanks !!! Any Questions ?? You do not have the permission to view this presentation. In order to view it, please contact the author of the presentation.
Intracranial Space Occupying Lesions neurology1 Download Post to : URL : Related Presentations : Share Add to Flag Embed Email Send to Blogs and Networks Add to Channel Uploaded from authorPOINT lite Insert YouTube videos in PowerPont slides with aS Desktop Copy embed code: (To copy code, click on the text box) Embed: URL: Thumbnail: WordPress Embed Customize Embed The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites. Views: 740 Category: Science & Tech.. License: All Rights Reserved Like it (1) Dislike it (0) Added: February 26, 2011 This Presentation is Public Favorites: 0 Presentation Description No description available. Comments Posting comment... By: neurology1 (12 month(s) ago) sure Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: drkrm2003 (12 month(s) ago) i wana download it Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close Premium member Presentation Transcript Intracranial Space Occupying Lesions: Intracranial Space Occupying Lesions Dr Rahul Chakor MD.,DM Dept of Neurology T. N. Medical. College B. Y. L. Nair Hospital MumbaiOutline of Talk: Outline of Talk General Comments List IC SOLs Neoplasms Symptoms and signsIC SOLs: IC SOLs Occupy physical space within the cranial cavity Results in symptoms and signs due to > Dysfunction of the nearby structures > Pressure symptoms - Rise in intracranial pressure > Electrical disturbance - SeizuresIC SOLs: S/S are due to location of the SOL irrespective of etiology S/S often reflect the rapidity of growth ( expansile nature ) of the SOL * Slowly growing SOLs produce not many S/S * Rapidly growing SOLs produce many S/S Tendency to cause ↑ ICP IC SOLsIC SOLs: Pathology – Benign, malignant Extent of involvement of important structures – Early detection Tumors in silent areas may reach considerable size before becoming apparent IC SOLsIC SOLs: Neuroanatomy – Lobes, cortical, subcortical structures Blood supply Loss of Function due to various pathologic process IC SOLsSlide 8: Frontal lobe Cognition Executive Motor –Pr & Sec Motor speech Behavior Praxis Eye movements Dysexecutive Disinhibition Apathetic Temporal Lobe Memory Emotions Sexual Auditory Auditory Comprehension Kluver Bucy S Parietal Sensory Gerstmann’s S Construction Dressing Visuospatial Attention Occipital Vision Color Balint’s S Visual AgnosiaIC SOLs: IC SOLs Brain parenchyma – astrocytoma, oligodendroglioma, Medulloblastoma (precursor cells), developmental (DNET) Meninges – meningioma Cranial nerves – acoustic neuromas, optic gliomas Skull - HFN Squamous cell Ca, osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma,angiosarcomaIC SOLs: IC SOLs Infective SOLs Brain Abscess Subdural Abscess Epidural Abscess Hydatid Cyst Granulomas Neurocysticercosis Tuberculoma Hemorrhage Intracerebral Subdural Epidural Neoplasms Malignant * Primary * Metastasis BenignSlide 11: Intra axial Astrocytoma Oligodendrogliomas CNS Lymphoma Metastasis Extra axial Meningiomas Schwanomma Metastasis (Epidural) SkullIC Tumors: IC Tumors Overall Incidence of 25 per 100,000 per year Incidence of Malignant IC tumors 7 per 100,000 per year Incidence of non malignant tumors 7 per 100, 000 per year 40 to 50 % IC tumors are gliomas 15 to 20% IC tumors are meningiomas Metastases is 10 times common than Primary CNS tumorsPrimary Brain Tumors: Primary Brain Tumors Glial tumors (Glioma) - 50 to 60% Astrocytoma (Commonest), Glioblastoma, oligodendroglioma, ependymoma Meningioma - 25% Schwannoma - 10% Remaining - 10 to 15%Astrocytomas: Astrocytomas Grade I Juvenile Pilocytic astrocytoma Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma Grade II Fibrillary astrocytoma Grade III Anaplastic astrocytoma Grade IV Glioblastoma MultiformMetastasis: Metastasis More prevalent than Primary CNS tumors 10:1 ratio Known cancer - Lung, Breast, Prostate, Melenoma,ovary Supratentorial, multiple, gray white junction, enhancement, edema CNS Metastases as initial manifestation in 10 to 30% cases (70% Lung cancer)Clinical features: Clinical features Headache - ↑ ICP, stretching or pressure of pain sensitive structures (dura, vessels, nerves, sinuses), referred pain Seizures - 4% of Epilepsy is due to IC SOLs , partial, secondarily generalized Cognitive dysfunction - Location, grade Nausea, vomiting - ↑ ICP, posterior fossa Visual symptoms - obscuration, papilloedema, bitemporal hemianopia, diplopia, hallucinationsSlide 18: Neurological evaluation Localization Extent PapilloedemaSlide 19: Pilocytic astrocytomaSlide 20: Pilocytic astrocytomaSlide 21: Primary CNS LymphomaSlide 22: OligodendrogliomaSlide 23: Meningioma ● Parasagittal ● Tentorial ● Convexity ● Subfrontal ● Cerebellopontine angle ● Sphenoid wing ● Foramen magnum ● Optic nerve NeuroimagingSlide 24: Acoustic NeuromaSlide 25: Gliobastoma MultiformSlide 26: Low grade GliomaSlide 27: MeningiomaSlide 28: Metastases - LungManagement: Management Immediate *Corticosteroids - 16mg then 12 to 24mg/day *Ventricular drainage or shunt for hydrocephalus *Ventilate and hyperventilation *Surgical decompression *Mannitol (sometimes) 1g/kg bolus then 200 to 700mg/kg every 4 to 6 hrly *FrusemideSlide 30: Antiepileptics *If seizures - Carbamazepine, Oxcarbazepine *If Status Epilepticus - Treat accordingly *No need of prophylactic AED therapy DVT prophylaxis *If high risk: Intermediate Management MRI (spectroscopy, diffusion images) CT of chest abdomen for ? Metastasis If Imaging diagnosis is uncertain Is it a primary or a secondary tumorGood clinical practice: Good clinical practice Multidisciplinary meeting to discuss management plan Timely, verbal, written communication between the doctor, patient and near ones. Between doctors involved in care. Histopathology is the key to appropriate treatment and accurate prognosis Not to discuss details of treatment before the diagnosis is certainSlide 33: Biopsy versus resection * Biopsy to confirm histological type and grade of tumor * Maximal resection for lobar tumors in <60 yr and good Karnofsky score * Deep hemispheric and diffuse cerebral tumors, elderly, poor performance score - safe resection not possible hence biopsy for confirming diagnosisLow grade Glioma (Gr I or II): Low grade Glioma (Gr I or II) Gr I - complete resection leads to cure. Radiation only if incomplete resection Gr I & II - Watchful waiting with interval scans at 3, 6 months Surgical treatment only if tumor progression Surgical biopsy at diagnosis to confirm gradeLow grade Glioma (Gr I or II): Radiothearpy *Early - At histological diagnosis *Late - At radiological or surgical progression *45-50 Gy over 5 weeks in 25 fractions *Radiation induced leukoencephalopathy ? Chemotherapy Oligodendroglioma in children Low grade Glioma (Gr I or II)High grade Glioma (Gr III or IV): Prognosis better if *Age <40yr *Performance >70 *Gr III better tha IV *Tumor type (oligo better than astro) *? Extent of resection High grade Glioma (Gr III or IV)High grade Glioma (Gr III or IV): Surgery * No definite evidence that extent of resection improves survival * Morbidity related to location (eloquent versus non-eloquent) & extent of resection Radiotherapy * Standard postoperative external beam radiotherapy * 60 Gy in 30 fractions, 2 Gy over week days over 6 week period * Stereotactic radiotherapy, brachtherapy High grade Glioma (Gr III or IV)High grade Glioma (Gr III or IV): Chemotherapy Temozolomide -75mg/m2 per day for 7 days a week with radiotherapy for 6 weeks. Then 150-200mg/m2 on days 1 to 5 of each month for 6 cycles. Procarbazine with nitrosiureas and vincristine Multimodality approach High grade Glioma (Gr III or IV)Thanks !!!: Thanks !!! Any Questions ??