logging in or signing up display technologies neha2209 Download Post to : URL : Related Presentations : Share Add to Flag Embed Email Send to Blogs and Networks Add to Channel Uploaded from authorPOINT lite Insert YouTube videos in PowerPont slides with aS Desktop Copy embed code: (To copy code, click on the text box) Embed: URL: Thumbnail: WordPress Embed Customize Embed The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites. Views: 2065 Category: Others/ Misc License: All Rights Reserved Like it (6) Dislike it (0) Added: August 19, 2009 This Presentation is Public Favorites: 1 Presentation Description No description available. Comments Posting comment... By: ukashniyal (3 month(s) ago) my mail id upendra@iiita.ac.in Saving..... Post Reply Close By: neha2209 (3 month(s) ago) u can download it now Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: ukashniyal (3 month(s) ago) hey neha pls allow me or send me this ppt . as early as possible ,im egearly waiting for ur reply Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: akkirock (8 month(s) ago) nice ppt can u give me this ppt on akhilraj6971@gmail.com Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: rupesh91 (8 month(s) ago) nice ppt dude. please allow me to download this ppt. Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: adityadawn (9 month(s) ago) Please send me The presentation of LED display technology in this address "dawn.aditya@gmail.com" Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close loading.... See all Premium member Presentation Transcript Monitors –An Overview (Variety / Features / Future Tech.) : Monitors –An Overview (Variety / Features / Future Tech.) 1. INTRODUCTION : 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Overview 1.2 Our Scope 1.3 Market Analysis 1 1.1 Overview : What is a Monitor ? : 1.1 Overview : What is a Monitor ? A visual display unit, often called simply a monitor or display, is a piece of electrical equipment which displays images generated from the video output of devices such as computers, without producing a permanent record. Role :- Often referred to as a monitor when packaged in a separate case, the display is the most-used output device on a computer. Monitors are critical to any kind of computer work, because without them, computer users could not see the work they are performing. Slide 4: 3 1.2 Our Scope : 1.2 Our Scope Our scope is to get people familiar with :- 4 Monitors Their types What are the future technologies in monitors ? 1.3 Market Share : 1.3 Market Share 5 India TV forecast by technology PDP: Plasma Display Panel RP: Rear Projection TV 2. SECTION - 1 : 2. SECTION - 1 2.1 Design 2.2 Specifications 2.3 Comparison report 6 2.1 Categories : 2.1 Categories 7 Monitors are categorized according different hardware technologies used for displaying computer-generated output: Cathode ray tube (CRT) Liquid Crystal displays (LCD) Plasma display Organic light-emitting diode (OLED) Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) : Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) CRT monitors generate output with the help of cathode ray tubes. The CRT or cathode ray tube, is the picture tube of a monitor. The back of the tube has a negatively charged cathode. The electron gun shoots electrons down the tube and onto a charged screen. The screen is coated with a pattern of phosphor dots that glow when struck by the electron stream. Each cluster of three dots, one of each color, is one pixel. The image on the monitor's screen is usually made up from at least tens of thousands of such tiny dots glowing on command from the computer. The closer together the pixels are, the sharper the image on screen can be. The distance between pixels on a computer monitor screen is called its dot pitch and is measured in millimeters. Most monitors have a dot pitch of 0.28 mm or less. 8 Inside CRT Monitor : Inside CRT Monitor 9 Pros n Cons of CRT monitor : Pros n Cons of CRT monitor Pros: Very high contrast ratio (20,000:1 or greater, much higher than many modern LCDs and plasma displays.) Near zero color, saturation, contrast or brightness distortion. Excellent viewing angle. Cons: They're heavy and bulky They're power hungry - typically 150W for a 17in monitor The scanning technology they employ makes flickering unavoidable, causing eye strain and fatigue 13 Liquid Crystal Display/ LCD : Liquid Crystal Display/ LCD Liquid crystal display technology works by blocking light. LCD panels are made of two layers of a glass-like material, which are polarized, and are "glued" together. One of the layers is coated with a special polymer that holds the individual liquid crystals. Electric current is then passed through individual crystals, which allow the crystals to pass or block light to create images. (LCD crystals do not produce their own light, so an external light source, such as florescent bulb is needed for the image created by the LCD to become visible to the viewer) 11 Slide 13: 12 Pros and Cons of LCD monitors : Pros and Cons of LCD monitors Pros of LCD Monitors Require less power - Power consumption varies greatly with different technologies. CRT displays are somewhat power-hungry, at about 160 watts for a typical 19-inch display. The average is about 45 watts for a 19-inch LCD display. LCDs also produce less heat. Smaller and weigh less - An LCD monitor is significantly thinner and lighter than a CRT monitor, typically weighing less than half as much. In addition, you can mount an LCD on an arm or a wall, which also takes up less desktop space. More adjustable - LCD displays are much more adjustable than CRT displays. With LCDs, you can adjust the tilt, height, swivel, and orientation from horizontal to vertical mode. As noted previously, you can also mount them on the wall or on an arm. Less eye strain - Because LCD displays turn each pixel off individually, they do not produce a flicker like CRT displays do. In addition, LCD displays do a better job of displaying text compared with CRT displays. 13 Slide 15: Cons of LCD Monitors Expensive - Although LCD monitor prices have decreased, comparable CRT displays still cost less. Not so good color representation - Although LCD displays are gaining ground in this area, especially with higher-end models that include color-calibration technology. CRT displays have historically represented colors and different gradations of color more accurately than LCD displays. Less responsive - LCD have lesser response time i.e. LCD takes longer to redraw a screen when compared to CRT. Fragile- Since LCDs are thinner and lighter than CRT displays, they are more fragile and easier to damage. 14 Pros and Cons of LCD monitors (Cntd.) Plasma monitors : Plasma monitors What is a Plasma ? The central element in a fluorescent light is a plasma, a gas made up of free-flowing ions(+vely charged) and electrons (-vely charged) . Under normal conditions, a gas is mainly made up of uncharged particles. With an electrical current running through it, negatively charged particles start rushing toward the positively charged area of the plasma, and positively charged particles start rushing toward the negatively charged area. In this mad rush, particles are constantly bumping into each other. These collisions excite the gas atoms in the plasma, causing them to release photons of energy. Xenon and neon atoms, the atoms used in plasma screens, release light photons when they are excited. How Plasma Displays Work : How Plasma Displays Work The xenon and neon gas in a plasma television is contained in hundreds of thousands of tiny cells positioned between two plates of glass , coated with the phosphor material. Long electrodes( address and display ) are also sandwiched between the glass plates, on both sides of the cells. To ionize the gas in a particular cell, the plasma display's computer charges the electrodes that intersect at that cell, which stimulates the gas atoms to release ultraviolet photons. When an ultraviolet photon hits a phosphor atom in the cell, one of the phosphor's electrons jumps to a higher energy level and the atom heats up. When the electron falls back to its normal level, it releases energy in the form of a visible light photon. The phosphors in a plasma display give off colored light when they are excited. Plasma Display internal structure : Plasma Display internal structure How Does Plasma Work : How Does Plasma Work Plasma Displays Advantages and disadvantages : Plasma Displays Advantages and disadvantages Pros:- Reproduction of colors through plasma pixels is excellent. Plasma screens have a high contrast ratio compared with LCD screens (the other major flat-panel technology), which results in bright whites and true blacks. A wide viewing angle, which means that you can easily view the television even if you are not sitting directly in front of it. Cons:- A common complaint is that plasmas are susceptible to screen burn-in. This means that images often displayed on the screen leave a permanent impression on the screen. Because the gases used in plasma televisions fade they have a relatively short lifespan compared to other types of televisions (20,000 - 30,000 hours of constant use). The gases cannot be replaced. Plasma screens are much heavier than LCD screens. You may need extra supports when hanging Application : Application LCD and plasma displays are applied to everyday life. They are used for enjoyment at home, work, or any other place that a TV can be useful. The ease is that this technology gives a better quality output than a standard TV or display. Most LCD are used for television use of watching shows or movies, or even used as computer screens. Plasma displays are mostly used for movie use because of its quality at a higher screen size. Since the release of the new technology in LCD and plasma, standard CRTs have become obsolete. 21 Comparison Table : Comparison Table 22 Slide 24: 23 Organic Light Emitting Diode (OLED) : Organic Light Emitting Diode (OLED) What flat panel screens were to CRT, OLED monitors will be to flat panels. Imagine a display sharper, thinner, and less expensive than you can get from a flat panel monitor. 24 Organic Light Emitting Diode (OLED) : Organic Light Emitting Diode (OLED) A Kodak researcher by the name of Ching Tang noticed that if you put an electrical current through an organic material, it glowed green. Basically there is a layer of material that will conduct an electrical charge. The charge is sent into the organic material, which creates the light and the color. Since the organic material creates the light, there is no need for a back light. There must be blue, red, and green light-producing organic material to produce the different colors of the monitor. 25 Organic Light Emitting Diode (OLED) : Organic Light Emitting Diode (OLED) 26 Pros and Cons of OLED : Pros and Cons of OLED The plastic, organic layers of an OLED are thinner, lighter and more flexible than the crystalline layers in an LED or LCD. Because the light-emitting layers of an OLED are lighter, the substrate of an OLED can be flexible instead of rigid. OLED substrates can be plastic rather than the glass used for LEDs and LCDs. OLEDs are brighter than LEDs. Because the organic layers of an OLED are much thinner than the corresponding inorganic crystal layers of an LED, the conductive and emissive layers of an OLED can be multi-layered. Also, LEDs and LCDs require glass for support, and glass absorbs some light. OLEDs do not require backlighting like LCDs (see How LCDs Work). LCDs work by selectively blocking areas of the backlight to make the images that you see, while OLEDs generate light themselves. Because OLEDs do not require backlighting, they consume much less power than LCDs (most of the LCD power goes to the backlighting). This is especially important for battery-operated devices such as cell phones. OLEDs are easier to produce and can be made to larger sizes. Because OLEDs are essentially plastics, they can be made into large, thin sheets. It is much more difficult to grow and lay down so many liquid crystals. OLEDs have large fields of view, about 170 degrees. Because LCDs work by blocking light, they have an inherent viewing obstacle from certain angles. OLEDs produce their own light, so they have a much wider viewing range. 27 Pros and Cons of OLED : Pros and Cons of OLED OLED seems to be the perfect technology for all types of displays, but it also has some disadvantages: Lifetime - While red and green OLED films have longer lifetimes (46,000 to 230,000 hours), blue organics currently have much shorter lifetimes (up to around 14,000). Manufacturing - Manufacturing processes are expensive right now. Water - Water can easily damage OLEDs. 28 Performance measurements : Performance measurements Viewable image size, measured diagonally. For CRTs the viewable size is typically one inch (25 mm) smaller than the tube itself. Display resolution, the number of distinct pixels in each dimension that can be displayed. Maximum resolution is limited by dot pitch. Dot pitch, describes the distance between pixels of the same color in millimeters. In general, the smaller the dot pitch (e.g. 0.24 mm), the sharper the picture will appear. Refresh rate, the number of times in a second that a display is illuminated. Maximum refresh rate is limited by response time. Response time, the amount of time a pixel in a monitor takes to go from active (black) to inactive (white) and back to active (black) again. It is measured in milliseconds (ms). Lower numbers mean faster transitions and therefore fewer visible image artifacts. Performance measurements Contd. : Performance measurements Contd. Contrast ratio, the contrast ratio is defined as the ratio of the luminosity of the brightest color (white) to that of the darkest color (black) that the monitor is capable of producing. Power consumption, measured in watts (W). Aspect ratio, which is the horizontal size compared to the vertical size, e.g. 4:3 is the standard aspect ratio, so that a screen with a width of 1024 pixels will have a height of 768 pixels. A windscreen display can have an aspect ratio of 16:9, which means a display that is 1024 pixels wide will have a height of 576 pixels. Viewing angle, the ability to be seen from an angle without excessive degradation to the image, measured in degrees horizontally and vertically. 30 4. SUMMARY : 4. SUMMARY Summarize the whole activities of Training. CRT, LCD , Plasma and OLED displays Their Advantages and disadvantages over each other Their Performance measurements. What is the expected outcome of the Training? To give an over view regarding monitors , their types and future technologies in monitors. What is the plan for further improvement? Although display technology is very vast and here in this presentation we discussed basics of display technology. We are looking forward your feedback and will try to get back in details and more future enhancements. 31 5. APPENDIX - 1 : 5. APPENDIX - 1 A1.1 Reference/External links http://compreviews.about.com/od/multimedia/a/CRTSpecs.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasma_displays http://www.scribd.com/doc/6705549/How-Computer-Monitors-Work http://rochakchauhan.com/blog/2007/09/12/crt-vs-lcd-vs-plasma/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquid_crystal_display_television http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cathode_ray_tube http://compreviews.about.com/od/multimedia/a/LCDSpecs.htm 32 Thank you : 33 Thank you Thank you You do not have the permission to view this presentation. In order to view it, please contact the author of the presentation.
display technologies neha2209 Download Post to : URL : Related Presentations : Share Add to Flag Embed Email Send to Blogs and Networks Add to Channel Uploaded from authorPOINT lite Insert YouTube videos in PowerPont slides with aS Desktop Copy embed code: (To copy code, click on the text box) Embed: URL: Thumbnail: WordPress Embed Customize Embed The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites. Views: 2065 Category: Others/ Misc License: All Rights Reserved Like it (6) Dislike it (0) Added: August 19, 2009 This Presentation is Public Favorites: 1 Presentation Description No description available. Comments Posting comment... By: ukashniyal (3 month(s) ago) my mail id upendra@iiita.ac.in Saving..... Post Reply Close By: neha2209 (3 month(s) ago) u can download it now Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: ukashniyal (3 month(s) ago) hey neha pls allow me or send me this ppt . as early as possible ,im egearly waiting for ur reply Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: akkirock (8 month(s) ago) nice ppt can u give me this ppt on akhilraj6971@gmail.com Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: rupesh91 (8 month(s) ago) nice ppt dude. please allow me to download this ppt. Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: adityadawn (9 month(s) ago) Please send me The presentation of LED display technology in this address "dawn.aditya@gmail.com" Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close loading.... See all Premium member Presentation Transcript Monitors –An Overview (Variety / Features / Future Tech.) : Monitors –An Overview (Variety / Features / Future Tech.) 1. INTRODUCTION : 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Overview 1.2 Our Scope 1.3 Market Analysis 1 1.1 Overview : What is a Monitor ? : 1.1 Overview : What is a Monitor ? A visual display unit, often called simply a monitor or display, is a piece of electrical equipment which displays images generated from the video output of devices such as computers, without producing a permanent record. Role :- Often referred to as a monitor when packaged in a separate case, the display is the most-used output device on a computer. Monitors are critical to any kind of computer work, because without them, computer users could not see the work they are performing. Slide 4: 3 1.2 Our Scope : 1.2 Our Scope Our scope is to get people familiar with :- 4 Monitors Their types What are the future technologies in monitors ? 1.3 Market Share : 1.3 Market Share 5 India TV forecast by technology PDP: Plasma Display Panel RP: Rear Projection TV 2. SECTION - 1 : 2. SECTION - 1 2.1 Design 2.2 Specifications 2.3 Comparison report 6 2.1 Categories : 2.1 Categories 7 Monitors are categorized according different hardware technologies used for displaying computer-generated output: Cathode ray tube (CRT) Liquid Crystal displays (LCD) Plasma display Organic light-emitting diode (OLED) Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) : Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) CRT monitors generate output with the help of cathode ray tubes. The CRT or cathode ray tube, is the picture tube of a monitor. The back of the tube has a negatively charged cathode. The electron gun shoots electrons down the tube and onto a charged screen. The screen is coated with a pattern of phosphor dots that glow when struck by the electron stream. Each cluster of three dots, one of each color, is one pixel. The image on the monitor's screen is usually made up from at least tens of thousands of such tiny dots glowing on command from the computer. The closer together the pixels are, the sharper the image on screen can be. The distance between pixels on a computer monitor screen is called its dot pitch and is measured in millimeters. Most monitors have a dot pitch of 0.28 mm or less. 8 Inside CRT Monitor : Inside CRT Monitor 9 Pros n Cons of CRT monitor : Pros n Cons of CRT monitor Pros: Very high contrast ratio (20,000:1 or greater, much higher than many modern LCDs and plasma displays.) Near zero color, saturation, contrast or brightness distortion. Excellent viewing angle. Cons: They're heavy and bulky They're power hungry - typically 150W for a 17in monitor The scanning technology they employ makes flickering unavoidable, causing eye strain and fatigue 13 Liquid Crystal Display/ LCD : Liquid Crystal Display/ LCD Liquid crystal display technology works by blocking light. LCD panels are made of two layers of a glass-like material, which are polarized, and are "glued" together. One of the layers is coated with a special polymer that holds the individual liquid crystals. Electric current is then passed through individual crystals, which allow the crystals to pass or block light to create images. (LCD crystals do not produce their own light, so an external light source, such as florescent bulb is needed for the image created by the LCD to become visible to the viewer) 11 Slide 13: 12 Pros and Cons of LCD monitors : Pros and Cons of LCD monitors Pros of LCD Monitors Require less power - Power consumption varies greatly with different technologies. CRT displays are somewhat power-hungry, at about 160 watts for a typical 19-inch display. The average is about 45 watts for a 19-inch LCD display. LCDs also produce less heat. Smaller and weigh less - An LCD monitor is significantly thinner and lighter than a CRT monitor, typically weighing less than half as much. In addition, you can mount an LCD on an arm or a wall, which also takes up less desktop space. More adjustable - LCD displays are much more adjustable than CRT displays. With LCDs, you can adjust the tilt, height, swivel, and orientation from horizontal to vertical mode. As noted previously, you can also mount them on the wall or on an arm. Less eye strain - Because LCD displays turn each pixel off individually, they do not produce a flicker like CRT displays do. In addition, LCD displays do a better job of displaying text compared with CRT displays. 13 Slide 15: Cons of LCD Monitors Expensive - Although LCD monitor prices have decreased, comparable CRT displays still cost less. Not so good color representation - Although LCD displays are gaining ground in this area, especially with higher-end models that include color-calibration technology. CRT displays have historically represented colors and different gradations of color more accurately than LCD displays. Less responsive - LCD have lesser response time i.e. LCD takes longer to redraw a screen when compared to CRT. Fragile- Since LCDs are thinner and lighter than CRT displays, they are more fragile and easier to damage. 14 Pros and Cons of LCD monitors (Cntd.) Plasma monitors : Plasma monitors What is a Plasma ? The central element in a fluorescent light is a plasma, a gas made up of free-flowing ions(+vely charged) and electrons (-vely charged) . Under normal conditions, a gas is mainly made up of uncharged particles. With an electrical current running through it, negatively charged particles start rushing toward the positively charged area of the plasma, and positively charged particles start rushing toward the negatively charged area. In this mad rush, particles are constantly bumping into each other. These collisions excite the gas atoms in the plasma, causing them to release photons of energy. Xenon and neon atoms, the atoms used in plasma screens, release light photons when they are excited. How Plasma Displays Work : How Plasma Displays Work The xenon and neon gas in a plasma television is contained in hundreds of thousands of tiny cells positioned between two plates of glass , coated with the phosphor material. Long electrodes( address and display ) are also sandwiched between the glass plates, on both sides of the cells. To ionize the gas in a particular cell, the plasma display's computer charges the electrodes that intersect at that cell, which stimulates the gas atoms to release ultraviolet photons. When an ultraviolet photon hits a phosphor atom in the cell, one of the phosphor's electrons jumps to a higher energy level and the atom heats up. When the electron falls back to its normal level, it releases energy in the form of a visible light photon. The phosphors in a plasma display give off colored light when they are excited. Plasma Display internal structure : Plasma Display internal structure How Does Plasma Work : How Does Plasma Work Plasma Displays Advantages and disadvantages : Plasma Displays Advantages and disadvantages Pros:- Reproduction of colors through plasma pixels is excellent. Plasma screens have a high contrast ratio compared with LCD screens (the other major flat-panel technology), which results in bright whites and true blacks. A wide viewing angle, which means that you can easily view the television even if you are not sitting directly in front of it. Cons:- A common complaint is that plasmas are susceptible to screen burn-in. This means that images often displayed on the screen leave a permanent impression on the screen. Because the gases used in plasma televisions fade they have a relatively short lifespan compared to other types of televisions (20,000 - 30,000 hours of constant use). The gases cannot be replaced. Plasma screens are much heavier than LCD screens. You may need extra supports when hanging Application : Application LCD and plasma displays are applied to everyday life. They are used for enjoyment at home, work, or any other place that a TV can be useful. The ease is that this technology gives a better quality output than a standard TV or display. Most LCD are used for television use of watching shows or movies, or even used as computer screens. Plasma displays are mostly used for movie use because of its quality at a higher screen size. Since the release of the new technology in LCD and plasma, standard CRTs have become obsolete. 21 Comparison Table : Comparison Table 22 Slide 24: 23 Organic Light Emitting Diode (OLED) : Organic Light Emitting Diode (OLED) What flat panel screens were to CRT, OLED monitors will be to flat panels. Imagine a display sharper, thinner, and less expensive than you can get from a flat panel monitor. 24 Organic Light Emitting Diode (OLED) : Organic Light Emitting Diode (OLED) A Kodak researcher by the name of Ching Tang noticed that if you put an electrical current through an organic material, it glowed green. Basically there is a layer of material that will conduct an electrical charge. The charge is sent into the organic material, which creates the light and the color. Since the organic material creates the light, there is no need for a back light. There must be blue, red, and green light-producing organic material to produce the different colors of the monitor. 25 Organic Light Emitting Diode (OLED) : Organic Light Emitting Diode (OLED) 26 Pros and Cons of OLED : Pros and Cons of OLED The plastic, organic layers of an OLED are thinner, lighter and more flexible than the crystalline layers in an LED or LCD. Because the light-emitting layers of an OLED are lighter, the substrate of an OLED can be flexible instead of rigid. OLED substrates can be plastic rather than the glass used for LEDs and LCDs. OLEDs are brighter than LEDs. Because the organic layers of an OLED are much thinner than the corresponding inorganic crystal layers of an LED, the conductive and emissive layers of an OLED can be multi-layered. Also, LEDs and LCDs require glass for support, and glass absorbs some light. OLEDs do not require backlighting like LCDs (see How LCDs Work). LCDs work by selectively blocking areas of the backlight to make the images that you see, while OLEDs generate light themselves. Because OLEDs do not require backlighting, they consume much less power than LCDs (most of the LCD power goes to the backlighting). This is especially important for battery-operated devices such as cell phones. OLEDs are easier to produce and can be made to larger sizes. Because OLEDs are essentially plastics, they can be made into large, thin sheets. It is much more difficult to grow and lay down so many liquid crystals. OLEDs have large fields of view, about 170 degrees. Because LCDs work by blocking light, they have an inherent viewing obstacle from certain angles. OLEDs produce their own light, so they have a much wider viewing range. 27 Pros and Cons of OLED : Pros and Cons of OLED OLED seems to be the perfect technology for all types of displays, but it also has some disadvantages: Lifetime - While red and green OLED films have longer lifetimes (46,000 to 230,000 hours), blue organics currently have much shorter lifetimes (up to around 14,000). Manufacturing - Manufacturing processes are expensive right now. Water - Water can easily damage OLEDs. 28 Performance measurements : Performance measurements Viewable image size, measured diagonally. For CRTs the viewable size is typically one inch (25 mm) smaller than the tube itself. Display resolution, the number of distinct pixels in each dimension that can be displayed. Maximum resolution is limited by dot pitch. Dot pitch, describes the distance between pixels of the same color in millimeters. In general, the smaller the dot pitch (e.g. 0.24 mm), the sharper the picture will appear. Refresh rate, the number of times in a second that a display is illuminated. Maximum refresh rate is limited by response time. Response time, the amount of time a pixel in a monitor takes to go from active (black) to inactive (white) and back to active (black) again. It is measured in milliseconds (ms). Lower numbers mean faster transitions and therefore fewer visible image artifacts. Performance measurements Contd. : Performance measurements Contd. Contrast ratio, the contrast ratio is defined as the ratio of the luminosity of the brightest color (white) to that of the darkest color (black) that the monitor is capable of producing. Power consumption, measured in watts (W). Aspect ratio, which is the horizontal size compared to the vertical size, e.g. 4:3 is the standard aspect ratio, so that a screen with a width of 1024 pixels will have a height of 768 pixels. A windscreen display can have an aspect ratio of 16:9, which means a display that is 1024 pixels wide will have a height of 576 pixels. Viewing angle, the ability to be seen from an angle without excessive degradation to the image, measured in degrees horizontally and vertically. 30 4. SUMMARY : 4. SUMMARY Summarize the whole activities of Training. CRT, LCD , Plasma and OLED displays Their Advantages and disadvantages over each other Their Performance measurements. What is the expected outcome of the Training? To give an over view regarding monitors , their types and future technologies in monitors. What is the plan for further improvement? Although display technology is very vast and here in this presentation we discussed basics of display technology. We are looking forward your feedback and will try to get back in details and more future enhancements. 31 5. APPENDIX - 1 : 5. APPENDIX - 1 A1.1 Reference/External links http://compreviews.about.com/od/multimedia/a/CRTSpecs.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasma_displays http://www.scribd.com/doc/6705549/How-Computer-Monitors-Work http://rochakchauhan.com/blog/2007/09/12/crt-vs-lcd-vs-plasma/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquid_crystal_display_television http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cathode_ray_tube http://compreviews.about.com/od/multimedia/a/LCDSpecs.htm 32 Thank you : 33 Thank you Thank you