tuberculosis

Tuberculosis :

Tuberculosis By Petrina Ng and Nancy Ngo

What is tuberculosis? :

A German physician, Robert Koch, received a Nobel Prize for its discovery. Is an infectious disease caused by bacteria. Is mostly affects the lungs but it can also affect any organ in the body. It is also known as TB. What is tuberculosis? A microscopic view of tuberculosis .

How do you get tuberculosis?:

If a person inhales particles of infected sputum(material in the lung) in the air, which means that if someone had TB: cough, sneeze, shouts, or spits the bacteria will get into the air. TB is transmitted from one person to other by breathing or close contact. You don’t get TB by shaking hands or even touching their clothes. How do you get tuberculosis? Inhaling particles of sputum in the air.

What happens if you do get tuberculosis? :

First the bacteria would enter the lungs and start multiplying, that would end up causing a lung infection. The lymph nodes that are working with the lungs would be infected and they will become enlarged. TB can also spread throughout the body, but your body’s immune system can fight off the infection and stop the bacteria from spreading. But then if the immune system is weak, then the TB bacteria will break through and cause the disease. What happens if you do get tuberculosis? Infected kidney.

How common is tuberculosis?:

Over 8 million new cases of TB occur each year worldwide. As for in the United States, each year 10-15 million people are infected with the bacteria and there are 22,000 new cases. How common is tuberculosis?

Slide 6:

TB cases have been gradually declining since 1992 .

Who gets tuberculosis?:

Basically everyone can get it, but there are certain people that are at a higher risks like: Poor or homeless people. People who live with individuals that have TB. Foreign born people from other countries. Nursing home residents and prison inmates. Alcoholic and drug users. People with diabetes, certain cancers and HIV infections. Healthcare workers. Who gets tuberculosis?

Symptoms of tuberculosis:

With an active TB infection Tiredness or weakness Weight loss Fever Night sweats If the infection gets worse Coughing Chest pain Coughing up sputum or blood Shortness of breath Symptoms of tuberculosis

How can tuberculosis be diagnose?:

It can be diagnosed in several ways X-rays Analysis of the sputum Skin tests How can tuberculosis be diagnose? A positive result would be if there’s any skin reaction prior to the test. A positive reaction means that there is 15mm or more from the swelling site. The arrow shows the infected part of the lung.

How is tuberculosis treated?:

If the person has a positive skin test, a normal x-ray, and no symptoms, which means that there are only a few germs left but it is inactive and not contagious. The antibiotic, called isoniazid (INH), if taken for 6-12 months, it will prevent the TB becoming active in the future. If an individual has a positive skin test and does not take the antibiotic, they have a 5%-10% chance risk of having an active TB. If medication fails, surgery on the lungs may help cure TB, but here in the present surgery is unusual for TB. How is tuberculosis treated?

Long term of tuberculosis:

If TB is left unnoticed and it is untreated for a long time there can be permanent damage to the lung and the respiratory tracts but also other organs as well. It can also lead to disability to the nervous system, brain, circulatory system, gastrointestinal tract, lymph nodes, skin, joints and also the bones. If TB is left untreated it can be fatal and for infants that are less than a year they can get meningitis. Long term of tuberculosis

How to prevent tuberculosis?:

If you are diagnosed with TB you should Stay home Ventilate the room Cover your mouth Wear a mask How to prevent tuberculosis?

References :

http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/tuberculosis/DS00372/DSECTION http://www.onlinemedicinetips.com/disease/t/tuberculosis/Long-Term-Effects-Of-Tuberculosis.htmlprevention http://www.medicinenet.com/tuberculosis/article.htm References