Dementia

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DEMENTIA:

DEMENTIA Presented by S.BALACHANDAR.MSN HOD. Dept.Of.Psychiatric Nursing BGS College Of Nursing Mysore

DEFINITION:

DEFINITION Dementia is a chronic mental disorder characterized by global impairment of intelligence, memory and personality in the absence of impairment of consciousness.

CAUSES OF DEMENTIA:

CAUSES OF DEMENTIA

VASCULAR DISEASE:

VASCULAR DISEASE

Slide 5:

INFECTIONS

Slide 6:

TOXICITY

DEFICIENCY DISORDERS:

DEFICIENCY DISORDERS

ENDOCRINAL DISORDERS:

ENDOCRINAL DISORDERS

HEAD TRAUMA:

HEAD TRAUMA

TYPES OF DEMENTIA:

TYPES OF DEMENTIA ALZHEMER’S DEMENTIA MULTI-INFARCTED DEMENTIA HUNTINGTION’S TYPE PICK’S TYPE PARKINSON’S TYPE

ALZHEMER’S DEMENTIA:

ALZHEMER’S DEMENTIA It compromise 65% of Dementia Common in women Onset is slow and insidious

CAUSES OF ALZHEMER,S DEMENTIA:

CAUSES OF ALZHEMER,S DEMENTIA Aging Family history Head injury Vascular brain lesion Aluminum toxicity Hypertension Myocardial infarction Alteration in acetlycholine autoimmune

DIAGNOSIS OF ALZHEMER,S DEMENTIA :

DIAGNOSIS OF ALZHEMER,S DEMENTIA Biopsy (Atrophy, widened cortical sulci, enlarged cerebral ventricles) Autopsic examination Microscopic examination(Neuro fibrillary tangles, senile plaques) CT, MRI,PET

TREATMENT OF ALZHEMER,S DEMENTIA:

TREATMENT OF ALZHEMER,S DEMENTIA Chloinesterase inhibitors Antipsychotic Antidepressant Β -Blockers Benzodiazepine anticonvulsants

MULTI-INFARCTED DEMENTIA:

MULTI-INFARCTED DEMENTIA It occurs due to disruptions in the cerebral blood flow, Onset acute, stepwise deterioration, common in men

CAUSES OF MULTI-INFARCTED DEMENTIA:

CAUSES OF MULTI-INFARCTED DEMENTIA

SYMPTOMS OF MULTI-INFARCTED DEMENTIA:

SYMPTOMS OF MULTI-INFARCTED DEMENTIA

TREATMENT OF MULTI-INFARCTED DEMENTIA:

TREATMENT OF MULTI-INFARCTED DEMENTIA TREAT THE UNDERLYING CAUSE

MANAGEMENT OF DEMENTIA:

MANAGEMENT OF DEMENTIA PSYCHOSOCIAL Daily routine Safety Socialize Orient Diet

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BEHAVIOURAL TREATMENT Personal hygiene Communication Dressing Eating habit Transportation shopping

MEDCIAL MANAGEMENT:

MEDCIAL MANAGEMENT Treat underlying cause SSRI’s Benzodiazepines Antipsychotic antidepressant

NURSING MANAGEMENT:

NURSING MANAGEMENT ASSESSMENT Observe the patient Analyze his abilities Involve the family

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MAINTAIN PEAK PHYSICAL HEALTH Eye glasses and hearing aid for sensory impairment Identify and treat physical problems immediately Assist in disability

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STRUCTURING THE ENVIRONMENT According to patient need and sensory level Quiet room Good lighting

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PROMOTING ORIENTATION Place clock, calendar (Time) Adequate light and ventilation (Place) Family photographs (Person) Provide news papers (current events) Use symbols Remove hazard things Limit the visitors

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PROMOTING COMMUNICATION AND SOCIALISATION Clear and concise verbal communication Speak slowly Ask yes/No type questions Involve in group work

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PROMOTING INDEPENDENT FUNCTIONING Assess self ability skills Avoid doing everything for patient Arrange materials for daily care Give step by step directions Simple routine care Do not hurry Praise the patient when he completes as task.

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PROVIDING PHYSICAL NEEDS NUTRITION Check the food intake Assess likes and dislikes Food at frequent interval Allow patient to eat at his own Provide roughage More fluids (2-3Lts/day)

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SLEEP Assess sleep pattern Avoid day time sleep Evening walk Warm bath at night Mild sedatives as per advice

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ELIMINATION Assess bowel pattern Provide roughage Advice to drink more fluids Regular exercise PROTECTION FROM INJURY PRESERVING FAMILY UNIT