logging in or signing up Module 3 murrajo Download Post to : URL : Related Presentations : Share Add to Flag Embed Email Send to Blogs and Networks Add to Channel Uploaded from authorPOINT lite Insert YouTube videos in PowerPont slides with aS Desktop Copy embed code: (To copy code, click on the text box) Embed: URL: Thumbnail: WordPress Embed Customize Embed The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites. Views: 135 Category: Entertainment License: All Rights Reserved Like it (0) Dislike it (0) Added: October 08, 2011 This Presentation is Public Favorites: 0 Presentation Description No description available. Comments Posting comment... Premium member Presentation Transcript Chapter 3: Chapter 3 Lead Morphology and PlacementElectrocardiography: Electrocardiography The recording of the heart’s electrical impulses by way of electrodes on the skin. Willem Einthoven: “Father of electrocardiography” and the inventor of the EKG machine.Bipolar Leads: Bipolar Leads Three leads, all with positive and negative poles. Lead I: Right arm to left arm. Left arm is positive electrode. Lead II: Right arm to left foot. Left foot is positive electrode. Lead III: Left arm to left foot. Left foot is positive electrode.Bipolar Leads (cont’d): Bipolar Leads (cont’d) Figure 3-1: The Bipolar LeadsTriaxial Diagram: Triaxial Diagram Formed by joining the lines representing Leads I, II, and III at the middle.Triaxial Diagram (cont’d): Triaxial Diagram (cont’d) Figure 3-2: The Triaxial DiagramEinthoven’s Triangle: Einthoven’s Triangle Formed by joining the lines representing leads I, II, and III at their ends.Einthoven’s Triangle (cont’d): Einthoven’s Triangle (cont’d) Figure 3-3: Einthoven’s TriangleEinthoven’s Law: Einthoven’s Law Lead I + Lead III = Lead II. Lead II should have the tallest QRS complex of the bipolar leads.Einthoven’s Law (cont’d): Einthoven’s Law (cont’d) Figure 3-4: Einthoven’s LawAugmented Leads: Augmented Leads Three leads, all with only a positive pole (unipolar leads). AVR: On right arm. AVL: On left arm. AVF: On left foot. EKG machine augments the waveforms’ size.Augmented Leads (cont’d): Augmented Leads (cont’d) Figure 3-5: The Augmented LeadsTriaxial Diagram with Augmented Leads: Triaxial Diagram with Augmented Leads Figure 3-6: Triaxial Diagram with Augmented LeadsHexiaxial Diagram: Hexiaxial Diagram Formed by joining the lines representing leads I, II, III, AVR, AVL, and AVF at the middle.Hexiaxial Diagram (cont’d): Hexiaxial Diagram (cont’d) Figure 3-7: The Hexiaxial DiagramBipolar and Augmented Leads Are Also Called:: Bipolar and Augmented Leads Are Also Called: Frontal leads, as they are all located on the front of the body. Standard leads. Limb leads.Precordial (Chest) Leads: Precordial (Chest) Leads Six unipolar leads that see the heart from the horizontal plane. All are positive electrodes. V1 V2 V3 V4 V5 V6Precordial Leads (cont’d): Precordial Leads (cont’d) Figure 3-8: The Precordial LeadsContinuous Monitoring: Continuous Monitoring Allows monitoring of rhythm for a prolonged time. Requires altered electrode placement to minimize artifact. Bedside monitoring: Patient attached to an EKG machine by a cable. Telemetry: Remote cardiac monitoring of ambulatory patients.Bedside Monitor: Bedside Monitor Figure 3-9: Bedside MonitorLead Placement for Continuous Monitoring: Lead Placement for Continuous Monitoring Figure 3-10: Lead Placement for Continuous Monitoring12-Lead Electrode Placement Animation: 12-Lead Electrode Placement Animation Click here to view an animation showing 12-Lead Electrode Placement. Back to DirectoryRule of Electrical Flow Animation: Rule of Electrical Flow Animation Click here to view an animation showing the Rule of Electrical Flow. Back to DirectoryElectrocardiographic Truths: Electrocardiographic Truths Positive QRS written by impulse travelling toward positive electrode. Negative QRS from impulse travelling away from positive electrode. Isoelectric QRS from impulse travelling perpendicular to positive electrode. Flat line written when there is no impulse at all.Electrocardiographic Truths(cont’d): Electrocardiographic Truths(cont’d) Figure 3-11: Electrocardiographic TruthsNormal Vector: Normal Vector Vector: Arrow depicting the direction of current flow. Normal vector of heart’s current is top to bottom, right to left.Normal Vector (cont’d): Normal Vector (cont’d) Figure 3-12: Normal VectorNormal QRS Deflections: Normal QRS Deflections Lead I: QRS should be positive.Normal QRS Deflection in Lead I: Normal QRS Deflection in Lead I Figure 3-13: Normal QRS Deflection in Lead INormal QRS Deflections (cont’d): Normal QRS Deflections (cont’d) Lead II: QRS should be positive.Normal QRS Deflection in Lead II: Normal QRS Deflection in Lead II Figure 3-14: Normal QRS Deflection in Lead IINormal QRS Deflections (cont’d): Normal QRS Deflections (cont’d) Lead III: QRS should be positive.Normal QRS Deflection in Lead III: Normal QRS Deflection in Lead III Figure 3-15: Normal QRS Deflection in Lead IIINormal QRS Deflections (cont’d): Normal QRS Deflections (cont’d) AVR: QRS should be negative. AVR is the only frontal lead with a negative QRS.Normal QRS Deflection in AVR: Normal QRS Deflection in AVR Figure 3-16: Normal QRS Deflection in aVRNormal QRS Deflections (cont’d): Normal QRS Deflections (cont’d) AVL: QRS should be positive.Normal QRS Deflection in AVL: Normal QRS Deflection in AVL Figure 3-17: Normal QRS Deflection in aVLNormal QRS Deflections (cont’d): Normal QRS Deflections (cont’d) AVF: QRS should be positive.Normal QRS Deflection in AVF: Normal QRS Deflection in AVF Figure 3-18: Normal QRS Deflection in aVFNormal QRS Deflections (cont’d): Normal QRS Deflections (cont’d) V1: QRS should be negative.Normal QRS Deflection in V1: Normal QRS Deflection in V1 Figure 3-19: Normal QRS Deflection in V1Normal QRS Deflections (cont’d): Normal QRS Deflections (cont’d) V6: QRS should be positive.Normal QRS Deflection in V6: Normal QRS Deflection in V6 Figure 3-20: Normal QRS Deflection in V6Normal QRS Deflections (cont’d): Normal QRS Deflections (cont’d) The precordial leads will show a transition from negative (V1 to V2) to isoelectric (V3 to V4) to positive (V5 to V6).Normal QRS Deflections (cont’d): Normal QRS Deflections (cont’d)Normal QRS Deflections (cont’d): Normal QRS Deflections (cont’d)Electrode Placement for EKG Video: Electrode Placement for EKG Video Click here to view a video showing electrode placement for EKG. Back to DirectoryElectrode Placement for Cardiac Monitoring Video: Electrode Placement for Cardiac Monitoring Video Click here to view a video showing electrode placement for cardiac monitoring. Back to DirectoryThe Electrocardiogram Video: The Electrocardiogram Video Click here to view a video showing the electrocardiogram. Back to Directory You do not have the permission to view this presentation. In order to view it, please contact the author of the presentation.
Module 3 murrajo Download Post to : URL : Related Presentations : Share Add to Flag Embed Email Send to Blogs and Networks Add to Channel Uploaded from authorPOINT lite Insert YouTube videos in PowerPont slides with aS Desktop Copy embed code: (To copy code, click on the text box) Embed: URL: Thumbnail: WordPress Embed Customize Embed The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites. Views: 135 Category: Entertainment License: All Rights Reserved Like it (0) Dislike it (0) Added: October 08, 2011 This Presentation is Public Favorites: 0 Presentation Description No description available. Comments Posting comment... Premium member Presentation Transcript Chapter 3: Chapter 3 Lead Morphology and PlacementElectrocardiography: Electrocardiography The recording of the heart’s electrical impulses by way of electrodes on the skin. Willem Einthoven: “Father of electrocardiography” and the inventor of the EKG machine.Bipolar Leads: Bipolar Leads Three leads, all with positive and negative poles. Lead I: Right arm to left arm. Left arm is positive electrode. Lead II: Right arm to left foot. Left foot is positive electrode. Lead III: Left arm to left foot. Left foot is positive electrode.Bipolar Leads (cont’d): Bipolar Leads (cont’d) Figure 3-1: The Bipolar LeadsTriaxial Diagram: Triaxial Diagram Formed by joining the lines representing Leads I, II, and III at the middle.Triaxial Diagram (cont’d): Triaxial Diagram (cont’d) Figure 3-2: The Triaxial DiagramEinthoven’s Triangle: Einthoven’s Triangle Formed by joining the lines representing leads I, II, and III at their ends.Einthoven’s Triangle (cont’d): Einthoven’s Triangle (cont’d) Figure 3-3: Einthoven’s TriangleEinthoven’s Law: Einthoven’s Law Lead I + Lead III = Lead II. Lead II should have the tallest QRS complex of the bipolar leads.Einthoven’s Law (cont’d): Einthoven’s Law (cont’d) Figure 3-4: Einthoven’s LawAugmented Leads: Augmented Leads Three leads, all with only a positive pole (unipolar leads). AVR: On right arm. AVL: On left arm. AVF: On left foot. EKG machine augments the waveforms’ size.Augmented Leads (cont’d): Augmented Leads (cont’d) Figure 3-5: The Augmented LeadsTriaxial Diagram with Augmented Leads: Triaxial Diagram with Augmented Leads Figure 3-6: Triaxial Diagram with Augmented LeadsHexiaxial Diagram: Hexiaxial Diagram Formed by joining the lines representing leads I, II, III, AVR, AVL, and AVF at the middle.Hexiaxial Diagram (cont’d): Hexiaxial Diagram (cont’d) Figure 3-7: The Hexiaxial DiagramBipolar and Augmented Leads Are Also Called:: Bipolar and Augmented Leads Are Also Called: Frontal leads, as they are all located on the front of the body. Standard leads. Limb leads.Precordial (Chest) Leads: Precordial (Chest) Leads Six unipolar leads that see the heart from the horizontal plane. All are positive electrodes. V1 V2 V3 V4 V5 V6Precordial Leads (cont’d): Precordial Leads (cont’d) Figure 3-8: The Precordial LeadsContinuous Monitoring: Continuous Monitoring Allows monitoring of rhythm for a prolonged time. Requires altered electrode placement to minimize artifact. Bedside monitoring: Patient attached to an EKG machine by a cable. Telemetry: Remote cardiac monitoring of ambulatory patients.Bedside Monitor: Bedside Monitor Figure 3-9: Bedside MonitorLead Placement for Continuous Monitoring: Lead Placement for Continuous Monitoring Figure 3-10: Lead Placement for Continuous Monitoring12-Lead Electrode Placement Animation: 12-Lead Electrode Placement Animation Click here to view an animation showing 12-Lead Electrode Placement. Back to DirectoryRule of Electrical Flow Animation: Rule of Electrical Flow Animation Click here to view an animation showing the Rule of Electrical Flow. Back to DirectoryElectrocardiographic Truths: Electrocardiographic Truths Positive QRS written by impulse travelling toward positive electrode. Negative QRS from impulse travelling away from positive electrode. Isoelectric QRS from impulse travelling perpendicular to positive electrode. Flat line written when there is no impulse at all.Electrocardiographic Truths(cont’d): Electrocardiographic Truths(cont’d) Figure 3-11: Electrocardiographic TruthsNormal Vector: Normal Vector Vector: Arrow depicting the direction of current flow. Normal vector of heart’s current is top to bottom, right to left.Normal Vector (cont’d): Normal Vector (cont’d) Figure 3-12: Normal VectorNormal QRS Deflections: Normal QRS Deflections Lead I: QRS should be positive.Normal QRS Deflection in Lead I: Normal QRS Deflection in Lead I Figure 3-13: Normal QRS Deflection in Lead INormal QRS Deflections (cont’d): Normal QRS Deflections (cont’d) Lead II: QRS should be positive.Normal QRS Deflection in Lead II: Normal QRS Deflection in Lead II Figure 3-14: Normal QRS Deflection in Lead IINormal QRS Deflections (cont’d): Normal QRS Deflections (cont’d) Lead III: QRS should be positive.Normal QRS Deflection in Lead III: Normal QRS Deflection in Lead III Figure 3-15: Normal QRS Deflection in Lead IIINormal QRS Deflections (cont’d): Normal QRS Deflections (cont’d) AVR: QRS should be negative. AVR is the only frontal lead with a negative QRS.Normal QRS Deflection in AVR: Normal QRS Deflection in AVR Figure 3-16: Normal QRS Deflection in aVRNormal QRS Deflections (cont’d): Normal QRS Deflections (cont’d) AVL: QRS should be positive.Normal QRS Deflection in AVL: Normal QRS Deflection in AVL Figure 3-17: Normal QRS Deflection in aVLNormal QRS Deflections (cont’d): Normal QRS Deflections (cont’d) AVF: QRS should be positive.Normal QRS Deflection in AVF: Normal QRS Deflection in AVF Figure 3-18: Normal QRS Deflection in aVFNormal QRS Deflections (cont’d): Normal QRS Deflections (cont’d) V1: QRS should be negative.Normal QRS Deflection in V1: Normal QRS Deflection in V1 Figure 3-19: Normal QRS Deflection in V1Normal QRS Deflections (cont’d): Normal QRS Deflections (cont’d) V6: QRS should be positive.Normal QRS Deflection in V6: Normal QRS Deflection in V6 Figure 3-20: Normal QRS Deflection in V6Normal QRS Deflections (cont’d): Normal QRS Deflections (cont’d) The precordial leads will show a transition from negative (V1 to V2) to isoelectric (V3 to V4) to positive (V5 to V6).Normal QRS Deflections (cont’d): Normal QRS Deflections (cont’d)Normal QRS Deflections (cont’d): Normal QRS Deflections (cont’d)Electrode Placement for EKG Video: Electrode Placement for EKG Video Click here to view a video showing electrode placement for EKG. Back to DirectoryElectrode Placement for Cardiac Monitoring Video: Electrode Placement for Cardiac Monitoring Video Click here to view a video showing electrode placement for cardiac monitoring. Back to DirectoryThe Electrocardiogram Video: The Electrocardiogram Video Click here to view a video showing the electrocardiogram. Back to Directory