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DIESEL BLEND WITH KANUGA

Comments

 

By: kkaya (4 month(s) ago)

fistly presentation is well done.thank you

 

By: fawadali (15 month(s) ago)

well done

 

By: munirsharif (16 month(s) ago)

must see those who r giving seminar on biodiesel

 

By: munirsharif (16 month(s) ago)

hotter then earth

Presentation Transcript

BIO DIESEL : 

BIO DIESEL

Presented byMUNIR SHARIF (4/4)MECHANICAL ENGGR DEPARTMENTOSMANIA UNIVERSITYENGINEERING COLLEGE : 

Presented byMUNIR SHARIF (4/4)MECHANICAL ENGGR DEPARTMENTOSMANIA UNIVERSITYENGINEERING COLLEGE

TO ANALYSE THE PERFORMANCE TEST AND EMISSION CHARACTERISTICS OF IC ENGINE USING KANUGA BIO-DIESEL BLENDING WITH DIESEL : 

TO ANALYSE THE PERFORMANCE TEST AND EMISSION CHARACTERISTICS OF IC ENGINE USING KANUGA BIO-DIESEL BLENDING WITH DIESEL

WHAT IS BIO-DIESEL ? : 

WHAT IS BIO-DIESEL ? Bio-diesel is a renewable fuel produced from vegetable oil or animal fat. It is a clean burning alternative fuel,. Bio-diesel contains no petroleum, but it can be blended at any level with petroleum diesel to create a bio-diesel blend

Slide 6: 

“The use of vegetable oils for engine fuels may seem insignificant today. But such oils may become in the course of time as important as petroleum products of the present time.” Rudolf Diesel (1912)

Slide 7: 

It is derived from Soybean oil Kanuga oil Jatropha oil Corn oil Sunflower oil Cotton Seed oil Rice Bran oil Rubber Seed oil and etc.,

Why bio-diesel ? : 

Why bio-diesel ? Safe : nontoxic, non hazardous, non flammable Eco-friendly Renewable Reduces serious air pollutants such as particulates,CO,CO2 etc. Clean burning High Lubricity Fuel Efficiency Very low greenhouse gases Reduces need to import oil

Slide 10: 

use of bio diesel

Bio-diesel found in India : 

Bio-diesel found in India Jatropha oil Cotton Seed oil Kanuga oil

Jatropha : 

Jatropha It is derive from the family Euphorbiaceous. Jatropha is native to Central America and has become naturalized in many tropical and subtropical areas, including India, Africa, and North America. Jatropha contains compounds that are highly toxic. It is Non edible oil.

Cotton Seed : 

Cotton Seed In India, the states of Maharashtra,Gujarat and Andhra Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh are the leading cotton producing states, these states have a predominantly tropical wet and dry climate. Cottonseed oil is a cooking oil extracted from the seeds of cotton plant

kanuga : 

kanuga Kanuga oil is internationally known as “Pongamia oil” .It is concerned to Pongamia pinnate (Linn) piperre family. In HINDI it is called “Karanja”. It is a tree thought to have originated in India and is found throughout Asia

Why kanuga ? : 

Why kanuga ? Kanuga oil is a non-edible oil

Slide 19: 

Non-Edible Oil

Why kanuga ? : 

Why kanuga ? Kanuga oil is a non-edible oil kanuga can grow on waste land not suitable for other Not browsed by animals Don’t compete with food crops for land

Slide 21: 

Marginal land Not browsed by animals

Why kanuga ? : 

Why kanuga ? Kanuga oil is a non-edible oil kanuga can grow on marginal land, waste land not suitable for other Not browsed by animals Don’t compete with food crops for land & water sources Range varies from 9-90 Kgs per tree from 7 years old plant Short gestation 3y & 7y Long productive life 50y & 100y can grow in a wide variety of environments Adaptability to varied agro-climatic conditions and soil types

Slide 23: 

Short gestation 3y & 7y Long productive life 50y & 100y

Slide 24: 

Agro-climatic conditions and soil

Why kanuga ? : 

Why kanuga ? Kanuga oil is a non-edible oil kanuga can grow on marginal land, waste land not suitable for other Not browsed by animals Don’t compete with food crops for land & water sources Range varies from 9-90 Kgs per tree from 7 years old plant 1-3 tons of bio-diesel/Ha/year Short gestation 3y & 7y Long productive life 50y & 100y can grow in a wide variety of environments Adaptability to varied agro-climatic conditions and soil types Drought resistant Kanuga is also a nitrogen fixer, growing without fertilizers

Why non edible is used : 

Why non edible is used In India Edible oils are in short supply, and country has to import up to 40% of its requirements . Hence prices of edible oils are higher than that of Petroleum Diesel. Due to this, these are not viable and use of non-edible oils was suggested for BioDiesel manufacture.

Kanuga seed : 

Kanuga seed Pod contains usually one seed but rarely two. Resembles kidney shape reddish brown in colour.

Slide 29: 

Size of the seed Kanuga Length (in cm) 1.7 to 2.0 Breadth / Diameter (in cm) 1.2 to 1.8 Weight (in gm) 1.0 to 1.2

Slide 30: 

Table : 1 Composition of Kanuga seeds. Composition Kanuga Moisture, % 10.0 Oil, % 27.0 Crude protein, % 17.4 Carbohydrates, % 6.6 Crude fibre, % 7.3 Total ash, % 2.3 Acid insoluble ash,% 0.06

Slide 31: 

Kanuga found in INDIA

Uses of kanuga oil : 

Uses of kanuga oil It is used as (medicinal purposes) antiseptic and cleansing agent According to Ayurveda the oil is useful in treating biliousness, eye ailments, itch, leucoderma, rheumatism In treatment of skin diseases, bearings treatment of skin dieses

Slide 33: 

Antiseptic (medicinal purpose),cleansing agent bearingstreatment of skin dieses

Uses of kanuga oil : 

Uses of kanuga oil It is used as (medicinal purposes) antiseptic and cleansing agent According to Ayurveda the oil is useful in treating biliousness, eye ailments, itch, leucoderma, rheumatism In treatment of skin diseases, bearings treatment of skin dieses The oil is also used in the manufacturing of soaps, lamp oil, candles

Slide 35: 

soaps lamp oil candles

Uses of kanuga oil : 

Uses of kanuga oil It is used as (medicinal purposes) antiseptic and cleansing agent According to Ayurveda the oil is useful in treating biliousness, eye ailments, itch, leucoderma, rheumatism In treatment of skin diseases, bearings treatment of skin dieses The oil is also used in the manufacturing of soaps, lamp oil, candles Also used as a lubricant for thousands of years in heavy duty lathes, bearings etc

Slide 37: 

lubricants in heavy duty lathe

Uses of kanuga oil : 

Uses of kanuga oil It is used as (medicinal purposes) antiseptic and cleansing agent According to Ayurveda the oil is useful in treating biliousness, eye ailments, itch, leucoderma, rheumatism In treatment of skin diseases, bearings treatment of skin dieses The oil is also used in the manufacturing of soaps, lamp oil, candles Also used as a lubricant for thousands of years in heavy duty lathes, bearings etc Economics-wise also, the fuel compares well with high speed diesel oil.

Slide 39: 

Fuel compares well with high speed diesel oil

Price analysis of kanuga : 

Price analysis of kanuga

Slide 41: 

PROPERTIES:- In some respects the properties of vegetable oils are very close to those of diesel oil but in other they are quite different. 1. The densities of the vegetable oils are slightly higher compared to diesel. 2. The calorific value is slightly lower on mass basis. 3. Viscosities at room temperature are much higher compared to diesel oil. 4. The cetane number is slightly lower than the diesel oil. 5. The flash point is very high. 6. Volatility is quite low. 7. Carbon residue is very high. Property comparisons indicate vegetable oil viscosities to be much higher and eating values to be some what lower for these oils than for diesel fuels. The difficulties in using vegetable oils directly in diesel engines can be overcome by modifying these oils. The modifying methods are: 1. Heating the oil. 2. Thermal cracking of the oil. 3. Transesterification

One can process Kanuga easily either by mech. Pressing or by solvent Extraction.Colour of the seed oils becomes dark on standing and gives disagreeable odour.kanuga oil is in bitter taste.There are no hazards of any sort in handling and processing of Kanuga seeds, and oil. : 

One can process Kanuga easily either by mech. Pressing or by solvent Extraction.Colour of the seed oils becomes dark on standing and gives disagreeable odour.kanuga oil is in bitter taste.There are no hazards of any sort in handling and processing of Kanuga seeds, and oil. Kanuga oil cakes are obtained as by products. Not suitable as cattle feed because of toxins. Recognized as valuable bio-fertilizers after neem cake. obtaining cake and crude oil

Slide 44: 

Cultivation of Kanuga plantations on massive scale in waste and degraded lands, collection of their seeds for processing oil and cake, utilizing the oil for conversion of bio-diesel as on alternative fuel, cake as bio-fuel and liquid fertilizer can not only generate good volume of employment opportunities but also provide multi-facet benefits in rural economy of India. Cultivation of Kanuga

Transesterification : 

Transesterification The Trasesterification is a chemical reaction that aims at substituting the glycerol of the glycerides by mono-alcohols like methanol and ethanol. The vital merit of these oils over mineral oil is that vegetable oil contains no sulphur hence the environmental damages caused by sulphuric acid vegetation as well as building structures is very low. The exhaust temperatures of these oils are lesser, resulting in higher brake thermal efficiency than diesel engines.

CONVENTIONAL FUELS PROPERTIES REQUIRED FOR C.I. ENGINES : 

CONVENTIONAL FUELS PROPERTIES REQUIRED FOR C.I. ENGINES Most C.I. engine fuels are obtained from the fractions of crude petroleum in the kerosene and gas oil range. These fuels are heavier and more viscous than the gasoline used in S.I. engine. Some of the important characteristics of C.I. engine fuels are Knock characteristics: Viscosity Volatility Cetane number (Ignition quality): Flash point: Pour point: Physical properties of vegetable oils are such that they are incompatible with spark-ignition engines Due to above characteristics C.I. Engine is used

C.I Engine The C.I. engine is based on the work of Rudolph Diesel, a German (1892) and operates on a cycle later known as Diesel cycle. Its fuels of use primarily is heavy trucks and buses ,Agricultural equipment etc…, since it operates at higher pressures than the S.I. engines ,it is basically heavier and robust engine , and does not wide use where weight is a primary consideration C.I. engine operates on either 4-sroke or 2-stroke cycle. The 4-stroke cycle consists of four distinct strokes namely. : 

C.I Engine The C.I. engine is based on the work of Rudolph Diesel, a German (1892) and operates on a cycle later known as Diesel cycle. Its fuels of use primarily is heavy trucks and buses ,Agricultural equipment etc…, since it operates at higher pressures than the S.I. engines ,it is basically heavier and robust engine , and does not wide use where weight is a primary consideration C.I. engine operates on either 4-sroke or 2-stroke cycle. The 4-stroke cycle consists of four distinct strokes namely. 1.Intake or suction 2. Compression 3. Power or expansion 4. Exhaust

Slide 53: 

Intake or suction stroke: It starts when the piston is slightly before TDC and is ready to move downwards to B DC. The inlet valve is opened and air enters into cylinder due to partial vacuum (low pressure) in the cylinder. In this stroke, exhaust valve is in closed position. At the end of suction stroke inlet valve closes. Compression stroke: The air taken into the cylinder during suction stroke is compressed in the compression stroke. During this stroke both inlet & exhaust valves remain closed. The pressure and temperature of air are increased. Just before the end of compression stroke the fuel (diesel ) is injected into the cylinder (into compressed air) in atomized form. This fuel mixed with air and a heterogeneous mixture is formed. Due to the high temperature of air the fuel ignites and combustion takes place. During combustion, chemical energy n fuel is converted into heat energy Exhaust stroke: At the end of expansion stroke the exhaust valve opens and inlet valve remains closed. The piston moves from BDC to TDC and pushes out the burnt gases from the cylinder through the exhaust valve. In 4-stroke engine all the four events are completed in two revolutions of crankshaft or 4-stroke of piston. Expansion or power stroke: ` Due to high pressure developed, the burnt gases force the piston towards BDC. During this stroke both the inlet 7 exhaust valves remain closed. Due to the thrust of burnt gases power is produced. The pressure and temperatures of gases are reduced at the end of this stroke

Experiment : 

Experiment 100% diesel 20%kanuga oil & 80% diesel 30%kanuga oil & 70% diesel 40%kanuga oil & 60% diesel 50%kanuga oil & 50% diesel 60%kanuga oil & 40% diesel 80%kanuga oil & 20% diesel 100%kanuga

ENGINE PERFORMANCE PARAMETERS : 

ENGINE PERFORMANCE PARAMETERS

Slide 56: 

Load Vs Brake Thermal Efficiency Load Vs Specific Fuel Consumption Load Vs Exhaust Gas Temperature Load Vs Volumetric Efficiency Load Vs Torque

Emission test : 

Emission test Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Emission Carbon Monoxide (CO) Emission NOx Emission

Slide 58: 

POLLUTION AND ITS EFFECTS

POLLUTION AND ITS EFFECTSINTRODUCTION Air pollution is largely caused by industry and transport equipment . These pollutants are mostly carbon monoxide (CO),carbon dioxide (CO2), lead(Pb), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), hydrocarbons(HC), sulphur dioxide (SO2), and particulate matter(PM) : 

POLLUTION AND ITS EFFECTSINTRODUCTION Air pollution is largely caused by industry and transport equipment . These pollutants are mostly carbon monoxide (CO),carbon dioxide (CO2), lead(Pb), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), hydrocarbons(HC), sulphur dioxide (SO2), and particulate matter(PM)

Slide 60: 

Solutions to air pollution: The air pollution can be reduced by using catalytic converter and EURO norms CATALYTIC CONVERTERS:A catalytic converter is a pollution-control device placed in the exhaust system of an automobile. A catalytic converter takes the carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons that are given off as waste from the combustion of gasoline in the car’s engine and converts them into water and carbon dioxide gas. Since water and carbon dioxide cycle through the environment they are safer than carbon monoxide and a hydrocarbon, the converters also converts nitrous oxides into nitrogen gas which naturally makes up 78% of air. The exhaust gases pass through the converter where the catalysts speed up oxidation reactions to turn the harmful gases into less harmful substances.

Slide 62: 

What are Euro Norms?They are the norms for regulating vehicular emissions in Europe. The norms are expressed in terms of the weight of the pollutants such as carbon monoxide (CO), hydro-carbons (HC), oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and particulate matters (PM) emitted per kilometer of vehicular run. These ceilings have been fixed for various categories of vehicles, for instance, there are particular emissions levels for petrol driven and diesel driven vehicles. In INDIA it is called Bharat Stage EURO NORMS

The table below shows the euro norms set up a heavy duty vehicle. Euro 1 Euro 2 Euro 3 Euro 4 1992 1995 2000 2004NOx 8 7 <5 <3CO 4.5 4 2.5 1HC 1.1 1.1 0.7 0.5 : 

The table below shows the euro norms set up a heavy duty vehicle. Euro 1 Euro 2 Euro 3 Euro 4 1992 1995 2000 2004NOx 8 7 <5 <3CO 4.5 4 2.5 1HC 1.1 1.1 0.7 0.5

Slide 65: 

THANK YOU