The Roaring 20's

The Roaring Twenties (1919 - 1929) :

The Roaring Twenties (1919 - 1929)

The Search for Peace at Home:

The Search for Peace at Home Political Conservatism: - Return to “Normalcy” - Progressivism ends, *we yearn for return to “good old days”. - America returns to Isolationism - Most felt world was not safe for democracy

I. The Search for Peace at Home:

I. The Search for Peace at Home A. Shaky Post War Economy 1. Post WWI - Americans have money to spend A. PRODUCTION cannot meet DEMAND = INFLATION (100% in 2yrs.) 2. Wages did not rise at same rate. A. Workers wanted unions B. Boston Police Strike, Steel Strike & Coal Miner Strike . Strikes gave rise to anxiety and fears of revolt

I.The Search for Peace at Home:

I.The Search for Peace at Home B. Red Scare: fear of Communism “Bolsheviks” 1. Public nervous from striking workers, communists, and anarchists.

I. The Search for Peace at Home:

I. The Search for Peace at Home 2. Palmer Raids - Attorney General arrests 1000’s of suspected communists . - violated civil rights 3. Sacco & Vanzetti - Italian immigrants tried and convicted as anarchists. - executed - Leads to ACT of 1921 Ends open immigration from Europe.

II. The Politics of Normalcy:

II. The Politics of Normalcy A. Americans were looking for: peace, prosperity & limited govt. B. Two “do nothing’ Presidents 1. Warren G. Harding -1920 - Teapot Dome Scandal 2. Calvin Coolidge - 1924 “Silent Cal” = let the govt. run itself C. Republican Formula: Lower spending, lower taxes, higher tariffs

Harding wanted to be the: “Best president the country ever had.”:

Harding wanted to be the: “Best president the country ever had.” Ohio Gang - Harding gave jobs to his buddies from Ohio Charles Forbes - stole $200M from Veterans Bureau, was jailed. Jess Smith - sold jobs & jail pardons, committed suicide. Harry Doughterty - accused of fraud and bribery Albert Fall - Sec. Of Interior - leased gov’t. land to oil companies & got kickbacks. ( Teapot Dome Scandal) *Harding died of stroke before end of term

III. PROSPEROUS TIMES:

III. PROSPEROUS TIMES

III. Prosperous Times:

III. Prosperous Times Three Items were a part of the nations prosperity. A. Automobile B. Education C. Advertising & Credit

III. Prosperous Times:

III. Prosperous Times A. AUTOMOBILE 1. Henry Ford revolutionized the Assembly Line. - Each worker had a job. Great pay, high turnover - Ripple affect on economy. - New Industries created - Steel, rubber, glass - Car Price Dropped $950 ------> $290 In 16 yrs.

Slide 13:

2. Rise of the Auto created New Industries - Suburbs expanded, - Road construction improved. - Gas Stations and Motels

Camping:

Camping

Holland Tunnel Main Street:

Holland Tunnel Main Street

III. Prosperous Times:

III. Prosperous Times 2. EDUCATION - Greater demand for White-Collar workers - High School enrollment doubled. - Colleges & Business Schools grew.

III. Prosperous Times:

III. Prosperous Times 3. Advertising - way to promote and sell new consumer goods. - People began buying on credit * borrow money to buy stocks * personal debt rose 2%

III. Prosperous Times:

III. Prosperous Times New Inventions changed the Economy. RADIO : reach a Mass market of consumers. New Household products: ( synthetics, electricity, water, new appliances) - chores reduced - More Leisure Time * Women go Shopping *Creates Teenager

IV. A Revolution in Style and Manners:

IV. A Revolution in Style and Manners A. New Entertainment 1. Radio (KDKA Pittsburgh) 2. Nickelodeons - short films a. Jazz Singer 3. Sports a. Baseball b. Football c. boxing d. golf e. tennis B. Music and Dancing 1. Jazz Age a. Louis Armstrong b. Duke Ellington c. George Gershwin 2. Flappers a. Fox trot b. Camel Walk c. Charleston

People and Styles:

People and Styles Al Jolsen Babe Ruth Bobby Jones Charles Lindbergh Charlie Chaplin Beauty Show

Slide 21:

C. Fads 1. Mah Jong 2. Crossword Puzzles 3. Barn Stormers 4. Flag pole sitting D. Fancies 1. New Magazine’s Time, RD, New Yorker, Vanity Fair 2. Adventurer’s Lindbergh Earhart Byrd E. Culture 1. New Writers, new styles, new themes a. Lost Generation 1. Hemingway 2. F. Scott Fitzgerald “The Great Gatsby” 2. Harlem Renaissance

Slide 22:

Clara Barton Duke Ellington F. Scott Fitzgerald Langston Hughes Rudolph Valentino Sinclair Lewis

V. Divisions:

V. Divisions A. Split between urban and rural values. Divorce Music Styles religion

V. Divisions:

V. Divisions B.Scopes Monkey Trial Tenn. bans evolution. John Scopes arrested for teaching. Clarence Darrow (Scopes Lawyer)loses to William Jennings Bryant

V. Divisions:

V. Divisions C. African Americans move north Harlem Renissance Marcus Garvey focuses on building “black pride” a. United Negro Improvement Assc.

V. Divisions:

V. Divisions D. Ku Klux Klan 1. Increase to 5 mil. 2. Against catholics, jews, immigrants, blacks. 3. Get anti-immigration laws passed. 4. Tulsa Massacre: 300 blacks killed in Okla.

V. Divisions:

V. Divisions E. Prohibition; 18th am. 1 Volstead Act allowed the F.B.I. to enforce 2. Al Capone and other gang leaders create crime networks to distribute alcohol. 3. Bootleggers: make illegal alcohol. “bathtub gin”