Urbanization PP

1. Which of the following is a correct statement about immigration from 1890 - 1914?: 

1. Which of the following is a correct statement about immigration from 1890 - 1914? The number of immigrants declined because of restrictive quota laws. Most of the immigrants came from southern and eastern Europe. Most immigrants of this period were readily accepted because of their education and wealth. Workers from Latin America were excluded from immigrating by federal laws. Labor unions supported the rights of Chinese immigrants.

2. Which of the following were most likely to help immigrants adjust to life in the late 19th century?: 

2. Which of the following were most likely to help immigrants adjust to life in the late 19th century? Politicians from Tammany Hall. Followers of Social Darwinism. Members of the American Protective Association. Lawmakers in Congress. Employers in major industries.

3. The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 is most closely associated with: 

3. The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 is most closely associated with The expensive technologies involved in deep-shaft mining. Hostility to foreigners in western states. Competition of a transcontinental railroad. Farmers’ grievances. Segregation and racial tensions in the South.

PowerPoint Presentation: 

Overview : During the Gilded Age, American cities became centers of economic, social, and cultural life. Industrialization, expansion of commerce, and new social and cultural values gradually extended their influence to the entire nation. The cities embodied new technology and industry, along with conditions that fostered misgovernment, poverty, traffic jams, overcrowding, filth, epidemics, and natural disasters. City Life & Urban Development

Urban Growth From 1860 to 1910, America’s urban population increased sevenfold: 

Urban Growth From 1860 to 1910, America’s urban population increased sevenfold 1920 Census: 1st time most Americans lived in urban areas Urban growth resulted from “new” immigration Substantial # of blacks (South) moved to industrial cities (80s/90s) Ethnic variety in cities

Urban American Society 1865 - 1900: 

Urban American Society 1865 - 1900

I. The Rise of American Cities: 

I. The Rise of American Cities

I. The Rise of American Cities: 

I. The Rise of American Cities Growth of Cities 1776 - 1 in 20 lived in a city. 1876 - 1 in 3 1920 - 1 in 2 Geography plays a role in a towns success. 1. Land (resources) 2. Climate 3. Water

A. Why did cities grow so rapidly?: 

A. Why did cities grow so rapidly? 1. Caused by: - Industrialization - Expansion West - Heavy Immigration

A. Why did cities grow so rapidly?: 

A. Why did cities grow so rapidly? 1a. Before 1820: the largest cities all had an ocean port. Examples: N.Y.C. , Philly, Balt. Boston, N.Orleans

A. Why did cities grow so rapidly?: 

A. Why did cities grow so rapidly? 1b. After 1860: Cities with a tie to an industry benefited. Pittsburgh = Steel - Minneapolis = flour - Omaha = beef

A. Why did cities grow so rapidly?: 

A. Why did cities grow so rapidly? 2. Cities with good transportation networks grew rapidly. a. Ports and Railroads - Allowed easy shipment of goods. - Chicago (pp..136)

A. Why did cities grow so rapidly?: 

A. Why did cities grow so rapidly? 3. Provided Places for workers to live. 4. Provided ways for workers to get to work.

II. How did Cities Grow?: 

II. How did Cities Grow? 1. Technology A.Revolutionized Housing. Dumbell Tenement

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Dumbbell Tenement Plan Tenement House Act of 1879 , NYC

II. How Cities Grew: 

II. How Cities Grew B. Technology Revolutionized Transportation. Urban growth stimulated need for better transportation Mass Transit (way to transport a lot of people) Paved streets (wooden blocks, bricks, asphalt) 1870 : 1st elevated railway (NYC) 1880s : Brooklyn Bridge (John Roebling) San Francisco:Cable cars 1888: Richmond:Trolley cars 1897: Boston:First subway

Horse Streetcar: 

Horse Streetcar

Elevated railway: 

Elevated railway

Digging the Boston Subway: 

Digging the Boston Subway

Brooklyn Bridge: 

Brooklyn Bridge

II. How Cities Grew: 

II. How Cities Grew C. Technology created the need for new inventions and innovations.

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Example; Bessemer Process helped create STEEL. Steel creates SKYSCRAPERS Skyscrapers created the need for Elevators - Elijah Otis (1857)

III. Problems facing Cities: 

III. Problems facing Cities A. Cities were plagued with problems. 1. providing reliable transportation 2. combat disease 3. crime 4. combat fire 5. poor sanitation a. sewer systems b. garbage disposal c. pollution

Solutions: 

Solutions B. Cities began to offer public services. 1. sewer systems 2. water 3. lighted streets 4. police forces 5. fire departments

IV. Patterns of Urban Growth: 

IV. Patterns of Urban Growth A. Mass transit created a Ring settlement pattern. 1. Poor - center city, jobs 2. middle class - suburbs 3. Wealthy - far suburbs

PowerPoint Presentation: 

Mansions of Newport Biltmore

V. Urban Politics The size and structure varied from city to city, but political machines filled the power vacuum that the rapid growth of cities had created. : 

V. Urban Politics The size and structure varied from city to city, but political machines filled the power vacuum that the rapid growth of cities had created.

VI. Urban Life Many immigrants settled in ethnic communities within cities: 

VI. Urban Life Many immigrants settled in ethnic communities within cities Cities exhibited great contrasts (mansions to tenement slums) High population density in center cities Immigrant ghettos eased adjustment to new life Ethnic newspapers/theaters/foods/church & fraternal organizations

VII. CITY LIFE AND LEISURE: 

VII. CITY LIFE AND LEISURE A. Growth of Chain & Department stores 1. Economies of scale 2. Many products offered 3. Mail Order spreads urban styles 4. Shopping becomes a pastime. Society of Consumers

VII. CITY LIFE AND LEISURE: 

VII. CITY LIFE AND LEISURE B. Development of Mass Advertising 1. New forms emerge, becomes a type of art 2. Demand is created = More products sold 3. Many false claims, false advertising don’t always get what they thought.

VII. CITY LIFE AND LEISURE: 

VII. CITY LIFE AND LEISURE C. Emergence of the Popular Press 1.Newspapers a. Grow in size and coverage b. Mass produced c. Competition creates sensationalism 1. Yellow Journalism a. exaggerate the truth (the Globe, Natl. Inq.)

VII. CITY LIFE AND LEISURE: 

VII. CITY LIFE AND LEISURE D. Better Education Govt. makes school mandatory. Literacy rates rose. More schools were created. Women’s colleges / Land Grant

VII. CITY LIFE AND LEISURE: 

VII. CITY LIFE AND LEISURE E. More women in the work force. housework took less time. Middle class women were more independent. F. Leisure time activities. middle class enjoyed baseball, bicycling, theater, circuses city life = Parks, Libraries,theaters, museums

VIII. “Americanization” of immigrants Ethnicity often competed with Assimilation: 

VIII. “Americanization” of immigrants Ethnicity often competed with Assimilation American institutions encouraged assimilation (schools, churches, etc.) Discrimination: excluded from better residential areas, little employment protection Nativism: Immigration Restriction League Adaptation/Acculturation: occurred over time (2nd or 3rd generation immigrants)

“The New Americans”: 

“The New Americans”

Old Immigration - pre 1890’s: 

Old Immigration - pre 1890’s A. Protestant Christians from Northern and Western Europe. B. Most were FARMERS. - left poverty, famine, overcrowding. C. Settled in the Mid-west and Great Plains.

New Immigration - post 1890: 

New Immigration - post 1890 A. Most were Catholic, Jewish, and Eastern Orthodox. B. They came from Southern and Eastern Europe. C. Tried to escape poverty, war, persecution (ethnic and religious) D. Most were un-skilled labors who settled in the cities in tenement buildings.Work in factories and sweatshops.

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Immigrant Experience a. Endured many hardships on their journey. b. Went through a harrowing process to gain access to U.S.

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Sidewalks of New York Music & Lyrics by: James W. Blake and Charles E. Lawlor East Side, West Side, all around the town The kids sang "ring around rosie", "London Bridge is falling down" Boys and girls together, me and Mamie O'Rourke We tripped the light fantastic on the sidewalks of New York . . . . East Side, West Side, riding through the parks We started swinging at Jilly's then we split to P.J.Clark's On to Chuck's Composite, then a drink at The Stork We won't get home until morning 'cause we're going to take a walk On the sidewalks of New York

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Jacob Riis' How the Other Half Lives (1890)

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Mulberry Street Bend, 1889

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5-Cent Lodgings

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Men’s Lodgings

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Women’s Lodgings

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Immigrant Family Lodgings

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Blind Beggar, 1888

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1890s ”Morgue” – Basement Saloon

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”Black & Tan” Saloon

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”Bandits’ Roost”

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Mullen’s Alley ”Gang”

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The Street Was Their Playground

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Lower East Side Immigrant Family

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A Struggling Immigrant Family

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Another Struggling Immigrant Family

IX. Reasons Immigration increased.: 

IX. Reasons Immigration increased. 1. Emigration laws and quotas were relaxed. 2. Regular steamship service available. 3. Letters promoting America. 4. Fleeing govt. and religious persecution.

1. Most new immigrants settled in cities.: 

1. Most new immigrants settled in cities. - thousands of jobs. Factories hire unskilled - ethnic neighborhoods Language, culture - Easy transition for young, tough for old.

2. Where did they go for help?: 

2. Where did they go for help? A. Each neighborhood had a “Political Boss”. Boss would help new immigrants with Housing, job, legal matters help equaled a vote B. Churches, Synagogues and schools

3. Nativist’s Attitudes: 

3. Nativist’s Attitudes Some people did not like the “new Americans”. 1. Economic reasons: - Immigrants worked for very low wages. - Thought they were here for a quick profit. 2. Ethic Prejudice: - Chinese Exclusion Act Religious Prejudice 3. American Attitudes - thought they would not become true “americans”.

4. Contributions of Immigrants: 

4. Contributions of Immigrants Immigrants contributed to the building of our nation in many ways. A. Economic contributions B. broadened cultural America C. many thrived on America’s Freedom