Biomes

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Biome a major regional terrestrial community with its own type of climate, vegetation, and animal life Ecotone boundary between two biomes

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Tropical Rain Forest

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-found near the equator -temperature varies little from approximately 23°C -the length of daylight varies from 12 hours by less than one hour -rainforest>2000mm Tropical Rain Forest

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Tropical Rain Forest -canopy trees up to 55 m tall -largest biome, on an area basis -soils are generally unfertile -nutrients and carbon stored in plant biomass, not soils

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Tropical Savanna/Seasonal Forest

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-found in the tropics (but > 10° latitude) -pronounced dry season with <5 cm rainfall in some months Tropical Savanna/Seasonal Forest

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Tropical Savanna/Seasonal Forest -scattered trees and grass -fire & grazing by animals also contribute to predominance of grasses

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Temperate Forest

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-distinct winter season, frost a defining feature -summer season usually moist with ppt > evapotranspiration Temperate Forest

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Temperate Forest -relatively large tree biomass -also called the deciduous forest, but contains evergreen needle trees as well

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Temperate Grassland/Shrubland

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Temperate Grassland/Shrubland -similar to tropical savanna, but with cold winter -relatively hot summer -potential evapotranspiration > ppt

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Temperate Grassland/Shrubland -scattered trees and shrubs -trees are short statured -fire & grazing by animals also contribute to predominance of grasses, but that depends on climate

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Desert

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Desert -hot or cold deserts exist -low precipitation <25cm, sporadic -potential evapotranspiration > ppt

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Desert -thorny plants -other adaptations to conserve water

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Chapparal

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Chapparal -mild winters -seasonal rainfall winter rain, summer drought -maritime influence cold ocean currents continental winds

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Chapparal -sclerophyllous plants -adaptations to fire

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Boreal Forest

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Boreal Forest -severe winters, MAT can be < 0 deg C -ppt is low, but evapo- transpiration low -short growing season

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Boreal Forest -10-20 m trees evergreen needle and deciduous -second largest biome, on an area basis -fire dominated, but on longer timescale than grassland -more nutrients and carbon stored in soils than plants

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Tundra

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-severe winters -short growing season, cool summer -arctic or alpine Tundra

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Tundra -no trees sedges,low shrubs mosses -permafrost