England and France Develop

England and France Develop : 

England and France Develop

Early Invasions : 

Danish Vikings invade England throughout the 800s Alfred the Great and his successors gradually unite England Danish king Canute invades in 1016, uniting the Vikings and Anglo-Saxons Early Invasions

The Norman Conquest : 

In 1066, England is invaded for the last time by William the Conqueror Battle of Hastings – William defeats his rival, Harold Godwinson, for the crown and becomes king William keeps 1/5th of his land and gives the rest to his supporters The Norman Conquest

Henry II of England : 

English rulers had 2 goals: Hold and add to French lands Strengthen their own power over nobles and Church Henry II – descendant of William the Conqueror Gains land by marrying Eleanor of Aquitaine of France Henry gains large territory in France called Aquitaine Henry II is a lord and a vassal King of England – lord Owns land in France and is a vassal to French King Henry II of England

Juries and Common Law : 

Henry II sends royal judges to every part of England at least once a year Collect taxes, settled lawsuits, and punished crimes Sets up juries Usually a group of loyal people – 12 neighbors of the accused to answer questions Only king’s court was allowed to conduct juries Common Law – unified body of law Based off the rulings of England’s royal judges Juries and Common Law

John : 

Henry II succeeded by his oldest son, Richard the Lion-Hearted Richard dies and his younger brother John comes to power John nicknamed John Softsword because he was a failure as a military leader John was cruel, raised taxes to fund wars, and alienated the Church John

Magna Carta : 

John’s nobles revolted and on June 15, 1215, they forced him to sign the Magna Carta, which means Great Charter Document written by English nobles Guaranteed certain basic political rights Protects feudal rights Limits king’s power Guaranteed: No taxation without representation A jury trial Protection of the trial Magna Carta

Model Parliament : 

Parliament – legislative group Edward I succeeds John Needed to raise taxes to fight wars against the French, Welsh, and Scots Calls 2 citizens of wealth and power from each borough and 2 knights from every county to serve as a parliament 1295 – met at Westminster in London – consisted of commoners as well as wealthy Model Parliament

House of Commons and Lords : 

1300-1400s King continued to call together Parliament when he needed to raise taxes House of Commons – consists of commoners House of Lords – consists of Lords Parliament became very strong and kept the King in check House of Commons and Lords

Capetian Dynasty Rules France : 

Carolingian dynasty looses power when Louis the Sluggard dies Hugh Capet – duke succeeds him Rules over small territory, which included Paris Capetian dynasty rules from 987-1328 Capetian Dynasty Rules France

France Becomes Separate Kingdom : 

Hugh Capet and grandsons were weak rulers Their territory had many important trade routes in northern France Power of the king began to increase and they began to unite France France Becomes Separate Kingdom

Philip II – Philip Augustus : 

Increased territory of France Seized Normandy from King John Established baliffs Sent from Paris to every preside over king’s courts and to collect king’s taxes Philip II – Philip Augustus

Louis IX – 1226 to 1270 : 

Philip’s grandson Stronger central government Pious and saintly – ideal king Made saint by Catholic Church after death Created appeals court which could overturn decision of local court Makes monarchy stronger Weakens feudal system Louis IX – 1226 to 1270

Philip IV – 1285 to 1314 : 

Dispute with pope Pope would not let priests pay taxes to the king Philip argued the Pope had no say in the affairs of the kingdom Philip calls a meeting of lords, bishops, and commoners to support his policies Philip IV – 1285 to 1314

Estates-General : 

First Estate – Church leaders Second Estate – Lords Third Estate – wealthy landholders and merchants Strengthened royal power over nobility Unlike the English Parliament never limited the king’s power Estates-General

Democracy : 

Centralized government that governs widespread lands Common law and court systems increased central government power Commoners included in decision-making Democracy