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Premium member Presentation Transcript Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System : Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System 1 Skeletal System : Skeletal System 2 Forms the body Supports tissues Permits movement by providing points of attachment for muscles Site of blood cell formation Mineral storage Bone : Bone 3 Rigid connective tissue Constituents Cells Fibers Ground substance Bone Tissue : Bone Tissue 4 Osteoblasts Derived from mesenchymal cells Produce type I collagen Respond to parathyroid hormone Produce osteocalcin Synthesize osteoid Nonmineralized bone matrix Bone Tissue : Bone Tissue 5 Osteocytes A transformed osteoblast that is surrounded in osteoid as it hardens from deposited minerals Osteoclast The major reabsorptive cell of the bone Large, multinucleated cells Contain lysosomes filled with hydrolytic enzymes Bone Matrix : Bone Matrix 6 35% organic and 65% inorganic Collagen fibers Calcium and phosphate minerals Proteoglycans Glycoproteins Bone Tissue : Bone Tissue 7 Compact (cortical) bone 85% of the skeleton Haversian system Haversian canal, lamellae, lucunae, osteocyte, and canaliculi Spongy (cancellous) bone Lack haversian systems Trabeculae Periosteum Compact Bone : Compact Bone 8 Bone : Bone 9 206 bones Axial skeleton 80 bones Skull, vertebral column, thorax Appendicular skeleton 126 bones Upper and lower extremities, the shoulder girdle, the pelvic girdle Skeleton : Skeleton 10 Bones : Bones 11 Long bones Diaphysis Metaphysis Epiphysis Epiphyseal plate Epiphyseal line Medullary cavity Endosteum Long Bone : Long Bone 12 Bones : Bones 13 Flat bones Short bones (cuboidal bones) Irregular bones Bone Remodeling : Bone Remodeling 14 Bone-remodeling units Repairs microscopic injuries and maintains bone integrity Phases Activation of the remodeling cycle Reabsorption Formation of new bone Bone Remodeling : Bone Remodeling 15 Bone Wound Healing : Bone Wound Healing 16 Hematoma formation Procallus formation Callus formation Callus replacement Remodeling Joints : Joints 17 Site where two or more bones meet Promote stability and mobility to the skeleton Joints : Joints 18 Joint classifications based on movement Synarthrosis Amphiarthrosis Diarthrosis Joints : Joints 19 Joint classifications based on structure Fibrous Suture, syndesmosis, gomphosis Cartilaginous Symphysis and synchondrosis Synovial Joint capsule, synovial membrane, joint cavity, synovial fluid, articular cartilage Joints : Joints 20 Joints : Joints 21 Joints : Joints 22 Joints : Joints 23 Joints : Joints 24 Skeletal Muscles : Skeletal Muscles 25 Millions of individual muscle fibers that contract and relax to facilitate movement 75% water, 20% protein, 5% organic and inorganic compounds 350 named muscles (most are paired) 2 to 60 cm long Fusiform muscles Pennate muscles Skeletal Muscles : Skeletal Muscles 26 Skeletal Muscles : Skeletal Muscles 27 Skeletal Muscles : Skeletal Muscles 28 Whole muscle Fascia Epimysium Tendon Perimysium Fascicles Endomysium Muscle : Muscle 29 Skeletal muscle Voluntary Striated Sarcomeres Motor unit Lower motor neurons Innervation ratios Sensory receptors Motor Units : Motor Units 30 Muscle Fibers : Muscle Fibers 31 Myofibrils Myoblasts White muscle (type II fibers) Red muscle (type I fibers) Muscle membrane Sarcolemma and basement membrane Sarcoplasm Muscle Fibers : Muscle Fibers 32 Sarcotubular system Transverse tubules Sarcoplasmic reticulum Sarcomere Actin Myosin Troponin-tropomyosin complex Myofibrils : Myofibrils 33 Myofibrils : Myofibrils 34 Muscle Fibers : Muscle Fibers 35 Creatine and creatine kinase Phosphate, chloride, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium Muscle Contraction : Muscle Contraction 36 Activation Muscle fiber action potential Coupling Contraction Cross-bridge theory Relaxation Muscle Contractions and Movement : Muscle Contractions and Movement 37 Types of muscle contractions Isometric contraction Isotonic contraction Eccentric Concentric Muscle movement Agonist Antagonist Test of Bone Function : Test of Bone Function 38 Gait analysis Serum calcium and phosphorus X-rays Angiography Bone scanning Test of Joint Function : Test of Joint Function 39 Arthrography Arthroscopy MRI Synovial fluid analysis Test of Muscular Function : Test of Muscular Function 40 Serum creatine kinase Myoglobin EMG Aging and the Musculoskeletal System : Aging and the Musculoskeletal System 41 Bones Bone loss Stiff, brittle, decreased strength Bone remodel time is lengthened Joints Cartilage becomes more rigid, fragile, stiff Decreased range of motion Aging and the Musculoskeletal System : Aging and the Musculoskeletal System 42 Muscles Sarcopenia Decrease in muscle strength and bulk Reduced oxygen intake, basal metabolic rate, and lean body mass You do not have the permission to view this presentation. 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msk structure and function mspurgeon Download Post to : URL : Related Presentations : Share Add to Flag Embed Email Send to Blogs and Networks Add to Channel Uploaded from authorPOINT lite Insert YouTube videos in PowerPont slides with aS Desktop Copy embed code: (To copy code, click on the text box) Embed: URL: Thumbnail: WordPress Embed Customize Embed The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites. Views: 241 Category: Education License: All Rights Reserved Like it (0) Dislike it (0) Added: September 19, 2010 This Presentation is Public Favorites: 0 Presentation Description No description available. Comments Posting comment... Premium member Presentation Transcript Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System : Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System 1 Skeletal System : Skeletal System 2 Forms the body Supports tissues Permits movement by providing points of attachment for muscles Site of blood cell formation Mineral storage Bone : Bone 3 Rigid connective tissue Constituents Cells Fibers Ground substance Bone Tissue : Bone Tissue 4 Osteoblasts Derived from mesenchymal cells Produce type I collagen Respond to parathyroid hormone Produce osteocalcin Synthesize osteoid Nonmineralized bone matrix Bone Tissue : Bone Tissue 5 Osteocytes A transformed osteoblast that is surrounded in osteoid as it hardens from deposited minerals Osteoclast The major reabsorptive cell of the bone Large, multinucleated cells Contain lysosomes filled with hydrolytic enzymes Bone Matrix : Bone Matrix 6 35% organic and 65% inorganic Collagen fibers Calcium and phosphate minerals Proteoglycans Glycoproteins Bone Tissue : Bone Tissue 7 Compact (cortical) bone 85% of the skeleton Haversian system Haversian canal, lamellae, lucunae, osteocyte, and canaliculi Spongy (cancellous) bone Lack haversian systems Trabeculae Periosteum Compact Bone : Compact Bone 8 Bone : Bone 9 206 bones Axial skeleton 80 bones Skull, vertebral column, thorax Appendicular skeleton 126 bones Upper and lower extremities, the shoulder girdle, the pelvic girdle Skeleton : Skeleton 10 Bones : Bones 11 Long bones Diaphysis Metaphysis Epiphysis Epiphyseal plate Epiphyseal line Medullary cavity Endosteum Long Bone : Long Bone 12 Bones : Bones 13 Flat bones Short bones (cuboidal bones) Irregular bones Bone Remodeling : Bone Remodeling 14 Bone-remodeling units Repairs microscopic injuries and maintains bone integrity Phases Activation of the remodeling cycle Reabsorption Formation of new bone Bone Remodeling : Bone Remodeling 15 Bone Wound Healing : Bone Wound Healing 16 Hematoma formation Procallus formation Callus formation Callus replacement Remodeling Joints : Joints 17 Site where two or more bones meet Promote stability and mobility to the skeleton Joints : Joints 18 Joint classifications based on movement Synarthrosis Amphiarthrosis Diarthrosis Joints : Joints 19 Joint classifications based on structure Fibrous Suture, syndesmosis, gomphosis Cartilaginous Symphysis and synchondrosis Synovial Joint capsule, synovial membrane, joint cavity, synovial fluid, articular cartilage Joints : Joints 20 Joints : Joints 21 Joints : Joints 22 Joints : Joints 23 Joints : Joints 24 Skeletal Muscles : Skeletal Muscles 25 Millions of individual muscle fibers that contract and relax to facilitate movement 75% water, 20% protein, 5% organic and inorganic compounds 350 named muscles (most are paired) 2 to 60 cm long Fusiform muscles Pennate muscles Skeletal Muscles : Skeletal Muscles 26 Skeletal Muscles : Skeletal Muscles 27 Skeletal Muscles : Skeletal Muscles 28 Whole muscle Fascia Epimysium Tendon Perimysium Fascicles Endomysium Muscle : Muscle 29 Skeletal muscle Voluntary Striated Sarcomeres Motor unit Lower motor neurons Innervation ratios Sensory receptors Motor Units : Motor Units 30 Muscle Fibers : Muscle Fibers 31 Myofibrils Myoblasts White muscle (type II fibers) Red muscle (type I fibers) Muscle membrane Sarcolemma and basement membrane Sarcoplasm Muscle Fibers : Muscle Fibers 32 Sarcotubular system Transverse tubules Sarcoplasmic reticulum Sarcomere Actin Myosin Troponin-tropomyosin complex Myofibrils : Myofibrils 33 Myofibrils : Myofibrils 34 Muscle Fibers : Muscle Fibers 35 Creatine and creatine kinase Phosphate, chloride, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium Muscle Contraction : Muscle Contraction 36 Activation Muscle fiber action potential Coupling Contraction Cross-bridge theory Relaxation Muscle Contractions and Movement : Muscle Contractions and Movement 37 Types of muscle contractions Isometric contraction Isotonic contraction Eccentric Concentric Muscle movement Agonist Antagonist Test of Bone Function : Test of Bone Function 38 Gait analysis Serum calcium and phosphorus X-rays Angiography Bone scanning Test of Joint Function : Test of Joint Function 39 Arthrography Arthroscopy MRI Synovial fluid analysis Test of Muscular Function : Test of Muscular Function 40 Serum creatine kinase Myoglobin EMG Aging and the Musculoskeletal System : Aging and the Musculoskeletal System 41 Bones Bone loss Stiff, brittle, decreased strength Bone remodel time is lengthened Joints Cartilage becomes more rigid, fragile, stiff Decreased range of motion Aging and the Musculoskeletal System : Aging and the Musculoskeletal System 42 Muscles Sarcopenia Decrease in muscle strength and bulk Reduced oxygen intake, basal metabolic rate, and lean body mass