logging in or signing up Physics of Thin films msmurali Download Post to : URL : Related Presentations : Share Add to Flag Embed Email Send to Blogs and Networks Add to Channel Uploaded from authorPOINT lite Insert YouTube videos in PowerPont slides with aS Desktop Copy embed code: (To copy code, click on the text box) Embed: URL: Thumbnail: WordPress Embed Customize Embed The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites. Views: 4226 Category: Education License: All Rights Reserved Like it (4) Dislike it (0) Added: January 04, 2009 This Presentation is Public Favorites: 1 Presentation Description No description available. Comments Posting comment... By: kanimeera (5 month(s) ago) i want to download this presentation Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: kanimeera (5 month(s) ago) this ppt presentation is nice and fentastic Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: hasnaintariq (7 month(s) ago) send me a copy of this ppt Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: kashafmeer (9 month(s) ago) hi need a copy of this ppt.plz send me on my email Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: mscrafi (11 month(s) ago) Hi Need a copy of this PPT Could you send it to my email. Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close loading.... See all Premium member Presentation Transcript Physics of Thin Films : Physics of Thin Films Physical Vapor Deposition Evaporation : Evaporation The Process 1.Source material>gaseous state 2.Transport source atoms to substrate 3.Deposit atoms on substrate 4. Binding on the surface of substrate Evaporation-over view : Evaporation-over view Atoms to gas state Some sources sublime from solid Some sources evaporate from liquid Some sources break apart Metal alloy sources do not give same alloy in films Physics of Thin films : Physics of Thin films Atoms to gas state Requirement of vapor sources : Requirement of vapor sources Should have very high melting point Low vapor pressure at the deposition temperature Should not react with the evaporant materials Commonly used materials Tungsten, Molybdenum, Tantalum etc., Shape: should be able to hold the evaporant in the available form Construction and use of vapor sources : Construction and use of vapor sources Hair pin and helix evaporants affixed to source Held by its surface tension Typically in the form of wire Evaporation takes place in all directions A A. Hair pin source B. Wire helix Construction and use of vapor sources contd. : Construction and use of vapor sources contd. Wire basket -used to evaporate pellets/chips which do not wet the source on heating -if wetting occurs the turns of the basket are shorted and temp. of the source drops Metal foil dimpled -tungsten/moly./tantalum sheets -for small evaporant quantities -have capacities of grams -reduced width in the centre to concentrate heat in the area of evaporant A C. Wire basket D. Dimpled foil Construction and use of vapor sources contd. : Construction and use of vapor sources contd. Boat/boat covered with perforations To be used with compounds which may break apart like SiO The evaporated particles are reflected before exit from the source Evaporation of multi component materials : Evaporation of multi component materials PROBLEMS Components evaporate independently based on each separate vapor pressure Films rich in component evaporating faster/film not same as parent material Non stoichiometric film formation Solutions: Flash evaporation, 3 temp. method Physics of Thin films : Physics of Thin films Special evaporation techniques Flash evaporation : Flash evaporation Principle: An instant quantitative evaporation of a small amount of material on to a hot surface of a source Powder kept in a feeder is electro-magnetically vibrated to let the powder drop slowly on a heated boat used to deposit Best suited for: metal alloys and metal dielectric films Advantage: high deposition rate Three temperature method : Three temperature method Compounds from 2nd 6th or 3rd and 5th groups(group of Mendeley system) Evaporation conducted from separate sources Each at different temperature Substrate itself is kept at elevated temperature Temperatures are of critical importance Laser beam evaporation : Laser beam evaporation Suited for materials with high melting point Advantages: Energy source is outside the vacuum system Small spot has high temperature No interaction of the evaporant with the evaporation source High deposition rate Dis advantage: high price, complexity of apparatus, poor reproducibility of thickness Electron bombardment : Electron bombardment Suited for: Evaporating materials which are deposited with great difficulty or cannot be deposited at all ADVANTAGE: Prevention of contamination by the evaporation source material Beam heats only the evaporant whereas the target holder is usually cooled No particle from the source(electron beam) reach the substrate Advantages of the special techniques : Advantages of the special techniques Vapor particles will have high deposition rate Particles arriving at higher speed at the substrate are charged These influence the mechanism of film formation Evaporation rate : Evaporation rate From kinetic theory Transport to Surface : Transport to Surface Line of sight deposition Want to avoid collisions in gas long mean free path Good vacuum If h=source to substrate distance for h of 10-100cm , want P< 10-5 torr bigger h, lower P Distribution of evaporant : Distribution of evaporant Depends on geometry of source Thickness in case of a point source Distribution of evaporant contd. : Distribution of evaporant contd. Thickness in case of a surface source Physics of Thin films : Physics of Thin films Deposition on to substrate Thickness distribution Point source : Point source d0 and d are the thick nesses of deposits vertically from a source at a distance “h” and at a horizontal distance “l” Where d0=max. thickness which is Surface source : Surface source Uniformity in thickness : Uniformity in thickness decrease sample size increase source to substrate distance(h) Need bigger chamber Need better vacuum Wastes evaporant Put source and substrate on same sphere surface Move substrate during deposition Use rotating mask to reduce evaporant near centre Film purity : Film purity Problem: contamination from source materials Solution: use pure materials (99.999%) Problem: contamination from source/substrate heaters/evaporant surface Solution: i. Use materials with low diffusion ii. Use shutter at the beginning of evaporation Problem:residual gas in the chamber gives two “sources” impinging Solution: better vacuum and higher deposition rate References : References K.L.Chopra, Thin film phenomena L.Holland, Vacuum deposition of thin films L.Maissel and R.Glang, Handbook of thin film technology You do not have the permission to view this presentation. In order to view it, please contact the author of the presentation.
Physics of Thin films msmurali Download Post to : URL : Related Presentations : Share Add to Flag Embed Email Send to Blogs and Networks Add to Channel Uploaded from authorPOINT lite Insert YouTube videos in PowerPont slides with aS Desktop Copy embed code: (To copy code, click on the text box) Embed: URL: Thumbnail: WordPress Embed Customize Embed The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites. Views: 4226 Category: Education License: All Rights Reserved Like it (4) Dislike it (0) Added: January 04, 2009 This Presentation is Public Favorites: 1 Presentation Description No description available. Comments Posting comment... By: kanimeera (5 month(s) ago) i want to download this presentation Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: kanimeera (5 month(s) ago) this ppt presentation is nice and fentastic Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: hasnaintariq (7 month(s) ago) send me a copy of this ppt Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: kashafmeer (9 month(s) ago) hi need a copy of this ppt.plz send me on my email Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: mscrafi (11 month(s) ago) Hi Need a copy of this PPT Could you send it to my email. Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close loading.... See all Premium member Presentation Transcript Physics of Thin Films : Physics of Thin Films Physical Vapor Deposition Evaporation : Evaporation The Process 1.Source material>gaseous state 2.Transport source atoms to substrate 3.Deposit atoms on substrate 4. Binding on the surface of substrate Evaporation-over view : Evaporation-over view Atoms to gas state Some sources sublime from solid Some sources evaporate from liquid Some sources break apart Metal alloy sources do not give same alloy in films Physics of Thin films : Physics of Thin films Atoms to gas state Requirement of vapor sources : Requirement of vapor sources Should have very high melting point Low vapor pressure at the deposition temperature Should not react with the evaporant materials Commonly used materials Tungsten, Molybdenum, Tantalum etc., Shape: should be able to hold the evaporant in the available form Construction and use of vapor sources : Construction and use of vapor sources Hair pin and helix evaporants affixed to source Held by its surface tension Typically in the form of wire Evaporation takes place in all directions A A. Hair pin source B. Wire helix Construction and use of vapor sources contd. : Construction and use of vapor sources contd. Wire basket -used to evaporate pellets/chips which do not wet the source on heating -if wetting occurs the turns of the basket are shorted and temp. of the source drops Metal foil dimpled -tungsten/moly./tantalum sheets -for small evaporant quantities -have capacities of grams -reduced width in the centre to concentrate heat in the area of evaporant A C. Wire basket D. Dimpled foil Construction and use of vapor sources contd. : Construction and use of vapor sources contd. Boat/boat covered with perforations To be used with compounds which may break apart like SiO The evaporated particles are reflected before exit from the source Evaporation of multi component materials : Evaporation of multi component materials PROBLEMS Components evaporate independently based on each separate vapor pressure Films rich in component evaporating faster/film not same as parent material Non stoichiometric film formation Solutions: Flash evaporation, 3 temp. method Physics of Thin films : Physics of Thin films Special evaporation techniques Flash evaporation : Flash evaporation Principle: An instant quantitative evaporation of a small amount of material on to a hot surface of a source Powder kept in a feeder is electro-magnetically vibrated to let the powder drop slowly on a heated boat used to deposit Best suited for: metal alloys and metal dielectric films Advantage: high deposition rate Three temperature method : Three temperature method Compounds from 2nd 6th or 3rd and 5th groups(group of Mendeley system) Evaporation conducted from separate sources Each at different temperature Substrate itself is kept at elevated temperature Temperatures are of critical importance Laser beam evaporation : Laser beam evaporation Suited for materials with high melting point Advantages: Energy source is outside the vacuum system Small spot has high temperature No interaction of the evaporant with the evaporation source High deposition rate Dis advantage: high price, complexity of apparatus, poor reproducibility of thickness Electron bombardment : Electron bombardment Suited for: Evaporating materials which are deposited with great difficulty or cannot be deposited at all ADVANTAGE: Prevention of contamination by the evaporation source material Beam heats only the evaporant whereas the target holder is usually cooled No particle from the source(electron beam) reach the substrate Advantages of the special techniques : Advantages of the special techniques Vapor particles will have high deposition rate Particles arriving at higher speed at the substrate are charged These influence the mechanism of film formation Evaporation rate : Evaporation rate From kinetic theory Transport to Surface : Transport to Surface Line of sight deposition Want to avoid collisions in gas long mean free path Good vacuum If h=source to substrate distance for h of 10-100cm , want P< 10-5 torr bigger h, lower P Distribution of evaporant : Distribution of evaporant Depends on geometry of source Thickness in case of a point source Distribution of evaporant contd. : Distribution of evaporant contd. Thickness in case of a surface source Physics of Thin films : Physics of Thin films Deposition on to substrate Thickness distribution Point source : Point source d0 and d are the thick nesses of deposits vertically from a source at a distance “h” and at a horizontal distance “l” Where d0=max. thickness which is Surface source : Surface source Uniformity in thickness : Uniformity in thickness decrease sample size increase source to substrate distance(h) Need bigger chamber Need better vacuum Wastes evaporant Put source and substrate on same sphere surface Move substrate during deposition Use rotating mask to reduce evaporant near centre Film purity : Film purity Problem: contamination from source materials Solution: use pure materials (99.999%) Problem: contamination from source/substrate heaters/evaporant surface Solution: i. Use materials with low diffusion ii. Use shutter at the beginning of evaporation Problem:residual gas in the chamber gives two “sources” impinging Solution: better vacuum and higher deposition rate References : References K.L.Chopra, Thin film phenomena L.Holland, Vacuum deposition of thin films L.Maissel and R.Glang, Handbook of thin film technology