Slide 1:1 Chapter 11 A Nation Grows and Prospers (1790-1825) (American Nation Textbook Pages 328-355) In the U.S., Pennsylvania native Robert Fulton soon made the steamboat a commercial success, which proved vital to trade along the Mississippi River. Scottish instrument maker James Watt patented the steam engine in 1769, and by 1804, England had built the first working steam locomotive.


Slide 2:2 1.The Industrial Revolution At dawn, 11-year-old Lucy Larcom woke to a factory bell she quickly ate breakfast and hurried to her job at a spinning mill. Years later she described her experience: “The buzzing and hissing and whizzing of the pulleys and rollers and spindles and flyers around me often grew tiresome …I could look across the room and see the girls moving backward and forward among the spinning frames, sometimes stooping, sometimes reaching up in their arms, as their work required.” A new type of revolution had begun! This revolution had no battles. It completely changed the world. It was called the Industrial Revolution.


1.The Industrial Revolution :1.The Industrial Revolution The economy shifted from farming to manufacturing. As a result, people moved from farms to cities As these factories sprang up, cities grew around them. These changes transformed life in the United States forever. 'Tontine Coffee House' in New York City. 1797.


The Industrial Revolution began in Britain in the Mid-1700’s. :The Industrial Revolution began in Britain in the Mid-1700’s. There, inventors developed new technologies that transformed the textile industry. The textile industry was the process of making cloth for clothing. THE SPINNING JENNY. Designed by John Hargreaves in 1767.


New Ways to Produce Goods :New Ways to Produce Goods The revolution in the way goods were produced was known as the Industrial Revolution. Before goods were produced by hand at home or in workshops. As the Industrial Revolution got underway, machines replaced hand tools.


Slide 6:6 In 1764, James Hargreaves developed a machine called the spinning jenny. With a spinning jenny a worker could spin several threads at once, not just one thread as on a spinning wheel. Soon afterwards a machine was invented that could spin 100 spindles of thread at one time! It required waterpower to turn its wheels. James Hargreaves spinning jenny


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New inventions led to an new system of producing goods. :New inventions led to an new system of producing goods. To set up and operate a spinning mill required large amounts of capital, or money. Capitalists supplied this money. A capitalist is a person, who invests in a business to make a profit.


Capitalists built factories and hired workers to run the machines :Capitalists built factories and hired workers to run the machines The new factory system brought workers and machinery together in one place to produce goods. Factory workers earned daily or weekly wages. They had to work a set number of hours per day.


Britain wants to keep new technology a secret. :Britain wants to keep new technology a secret. Sam Slater Breaks The Law – leaves Britain for America to build mills. By 1793 builds the first American mill in the United States of America. SAMUEL SLATER (1768-1835). American textile manufacturer. Samuel Slater's textile mill built at Pawtucket, Rhode Island, in 1793: photographed in the late 19th century.


Eli Whitney, an American, gives further boost to the textile industry. :Eli Whitney, an American, gives further boost to the textile industry. In the early 1800’s, skilled workers made things by hand. If a part broke a skilled craftsman had to fashion a new part to fit the broken item. Whitney’s idea - interchangeable parts or all machine parts would be alike The drawback was that the quality of the guns was not as efficient as those that were hand made.


The choice was between quality versus quantity :The choice was between quality versus quantity The idea of interchangeable parts spread rapidly. Other machines were invented to produce parts for locks, knives, and many other goods.


Francis Lowell improves the mill :Francis Lowell improves the mill In 1814 Lowell combines spinning and weaving under one roof that converted raw cotton all the way to finished cloth. In 1814, the Boston Manufacturing Company built its first mill beside the Charles River in Waltham,


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Daily Life :Daily Life Mill owners hired mostly women and children. They did that because they could pay women and children half of the amount they would have to pay men. Children as young as 7 years of age worked in mills because they were quick and small. Children working in a vegetable cannery - 1912


Long Hours :Long Hours Often the child wages were needed to help support their family. Working hours at the mills were long, 12-hours a day, six days a week. Contrast that with today, when an average worker works 9 hours a day 5 days a week.


Urbanization – movement of the population from farms to cities :Urbanization – movement of the population from farms to cities As factories grew, so did the towns and cities where they were located. Cities had many hazards or problems. Cities had no sewers and people threw garbage into the streets. In these dirty conditions diseases spread quickly. NEW YORK: TENEMENT, 1866. Tenement dwellings in New York City's Lower East Side


Slide 18:18 Yellow fever spread quickly and epidemic spread throughout the cities killing hundreds of people! Cities had many attractions, too. They had circuses, racetracks, plays and museums. In New York, P.T. Barnum made a fortune exhibiting rare animals at his American Museum. P.T. Barnum