Slide 1:The War of 1812 Chapter 10 pages 320-325 Mr. Verde WASHINGTON BURNING, 1814. Washingtonians fleeing the city during the burning of the White House and the Capitol by the British on 24 August 1814. Andrew Jackson at the Battle of New Orleans, 8 January 1815. TREATY OF GHENT


Slide 2:The War of 1812 To Great Britain the War of I8I2 was simply a burdensome adjunct of its greater struggle against France. To the Canadians it was clearly a case of naked American aggression. But to the Americans it was neither simple nor clear. The United States entered the war with confused objectives and divided loyalties and made peace without settling any of the issues that had induced the nation to go to war. James Madison


Unprepared for War :Unprepared for War The United States was not ready for war. The navy only had 16 ships to fight against the British Navy. In addition the American naval officers were inexperienced and the United States had very few regular troops. The Navy consisted of 20 vessels: the 3 large 44-gun frigates, 3 smaller frigates of the Constellation class rated at 38 guns, and 14 others.


The United States had to ask for volunteers. :The United States had to ask for volunteers. Volunteers would get $124.00 and 360 acres of land for their services. The money was high pay at that time. ($124.00 was equal to the average yearly salary.) Poorly trained with little experience many deserted after a few months.


The American declaration of war took Britain by surprise. :The American declaration of war took Britain by surprise. Most of Britain's forces were tied up in the war against Napoleon, and for the time being very little military and naval assistance could be spared. The British navy blocked the American Ports. Because the American fleet was so small they were unable to stop the British ships and stop the blockade.


The goals of the War Hawks was to conquer Canada. :The goals of the War Hawks was to conquer Canada. William Hull led the American troops into Canada form Detroit. The support of Indian tribes gave Canada one source of manpower that the United States lacked. After the Battle of Tippecanoe, Tecumseh had led his warriors across the border into Canada, where, along with the Canadian Indians, they joined the forces opposing the Americans. WILLIAM HULL


General Isaac Brock of Canada :General Isaac Brock of Canada Tricks the Americans to retreat from Canada. The invasion into Canada had failed. TECUMSEH & ISAAC BROCK 1812. The meeting of General Isaac Brock and Tecumseh 14 August 1812: General William Hull arriving at his decision to surrender Fort Detroit to the British, 16 August 1812


Battle of Lake Erie 1813 :Battle of Lake Erie 1813 In 1813, Americans set out to control Lake Erie. Captain Oliver Hazard Perry built his own fleet of ships to fight against the British. The British battered Perry’s ship. Luckily he rowed to another American ship continued to fight and won the battle. Oliver Hazard Perry leaving his badly damaged flagship, the Lawrence, for the Niagara to continue against the British at the Battle of Lake Erie, 10 September 1813.


Battle of the Thames :Battle of the Thames The Americans gained control of Lake Erie. General William Henry (Gov. of Indiana), now a general, invaded Canada in search of Tecumseh and the British. They met in the Battle of the Thames. Tecumseh died in the fighting. Now without Tecumseh’s leadership, the Indian confederation he had worked so hard for fell apart. WILLIAM HENRY HARRISON As a result of the victory- Lake Erie became an American lake.


Britain defeated France :Britain defeated France Now Britain could send their troops to the United States. NAPOLEON, 1814


The British ships sailed to the Chesapeake Bay in the summer of 1814. :The British ships sailed to the Chesapeake Bay in the summer of 1814. Invasion force lands 30 miles from Washington, D.C. The Americans tried to stop the British from arriving in Washington but they were unsuccessful. The British enter Washington, burned the Capitol, the White House, and other public buildings, and returned to their ships.


Dolley Flees :Dolley Flees Dolley Madison sneaked out the back with some important papers and a portrait of George Washington. In those papers was the original Declaration of Independence. Dolley Madison saving the Gilbert Stuart portrait of George Washington from the White House as British forces neared Washington, D.C. in 1814.


Baltimore was next on the schedule :Baltimore was next on the schedule Soon afterwards the British moved up north to Baltimore’s Fort McHenry. One evening on September 13th the British bombarded the harbor When it was morning, the flag still was flying over the fort. This inspired Francis Scott Key to write The Star Spangled banner, our country’s national anthem. When the fleet failed to reduce Fort McHenry, the assault on the city was called off. American lawyer and writer of The Star Spangled Banner. Our Flag Was Still There (Francis Scott Key witnessing the bombardment of Fort McHenry, September 13-14, 1814).


New Orleans: The Final Battle :New Orleans: The Final Battle Next the British attacked New Orleans. Jackson had raised earthworks high enough to require scaling ladders for an assault. The defenses were manned by about 3,500 men with another 1,000 in reserve. It was a varied group, Choctaw Indians, Baratorian pirates, fashionably dressed sons and brothers of the New Orleans aristocracy and the 7th and 44th Infantry Regiments


Overnight Jackson became a hero. :Overnight Jackson became a hero. More than 2,000 British fell under the deadly fire of American sharp shooters and cannons. Only 7 American soldiers died in the battle. BATTLE OF NEW ORLEANS. Major General Andrew Jackson encouraging his riflemen at the Battle of New Orleans, 8 January 1815. The British fleet is seen the background on the Mississippi River.


Fame does not dim :Fame does not dim Two weeks ago a peace talks began but Jackson was not notified of a cease-fire.


Was the War of 1812 a Success? :Was the War of 1812 a Success? The news of the peace settlement followed so closely on Jackson's triumph in New Orleans that the war as a whole was popularly regarded in the United States as a great victory. Yet at best it was a draw. American strategy had centered on the conquest of Canada and the harassment of British shipping; but the land campaign failed, and during most of the war the Navy was bottled up behind a tight British blockade of the North American coast


Peace at Last :Peace at Last By late 1814, peace talks between Britain and the United States began. Peace treaty ending war - The Treaty of Ghent was signed on December 24, 1814. British and American diplomats signing the Treaty of Ghent, 24 December 1814


John Quincy Adams sums it up :John Quincy Adams sums it up “nothing was adjusted, nothing was settled.” Great Britain agreed to relinquish claims to the Northwest Territory, and both countries pledged to work toward ending the slave trade.


Slide 20:20 The End