Acids and Bases :Acids and Bases Investigation One


Slide 2:Journal: What are Acids and Bases?


Slide 3:hydrochloric acid gastric juices sodium hydroxide vinegar lemon juice tomato juice coffee milk of magnesia pure water rain water blood baking soda wine oven cleaner salty water limewater coca cola toothpaste bleach urine Acid Base Neutral


Things we need to know: :Things we need to know: Ions - are nothing more than atoms or molecules that have gained or lost an electron. Those that have lost an electron are called positive ions, while those that have gained an electron are negative ions.


chemical compound :chemical compound A chemical compound is a type of molecule made up of more than one element. For instance, water (H2O) is a compound, whereas hydrogen (H2) is not.


Concentration :Concentration concentration is the measure of how much of a given substance there is mixed with another substance.


What is an Acid? :What is an Acid? Acid - Generally, a substance that reacts with bases to form a salt. Properties Taste sour - DO NOT TASTE ACIDS IN THE LABORATORY!! Change blue litmus paper to red. React with metals to release hydrogen gas. Neutralize bases, forming water and salts Has a pH less than 7 Produce H+ ions in water


Common Acids :Common Acids Sulfuric Acid H2SO4 Battery acid Phosphoric acid H3PO4 Lime-Away Carbonic acid H2CO3 Soda – Pepsi/Coke Hydrochloric Acid HCl Stomach Acid Acetic Acid CH3COOH Vinegar Name Formula Common Name .


What is an Base? :What is an Base? Generally, a substance that reacts with acids to form a salt. Properties Taste bitter - DO NOT TASTE BASES IN THE LABORATORY!! Bases turn red litmus paper blue. Feel soapy or slippery Neutralize acids, forming water and salts. Has a pH greater than 7 Produce OH- ions in water The elements oxygen (O) and hydrogen (H) are present in the chemical formula.


Common Bases :Common Bases Sodium hydroxide NaOH lye or caustic soda Potassium hydroxide KOH lye or caustic potash Magnesium hydroxide Mg(OH)2 milk of magnesia Calcium hydroxide Ca(OH) 2 pickling lime Ammonia water NH3 H2O household ammonia Name Formula Common Name .


How acids and bases chemically react :How acids and bases chemically react Acid-base reaction consists of the transfer of an ion from an acid to a base. Acid is the substance from which an ion is removed. A base is the substance that accepts an ion from an acid.


Chemical Reactivity :Chemical Reactivity Chemical Reaction: A transformation resulting in a change of composition, constitution and/or configuration of a compound Burning wood is an example of a chemical reaction in which wood in the presence of heat and oxygen is transformed into carbon dioxide, water vapor, and ash.


Chemical Reactivity :Chemical Reactivity Reactant - compound undergoing change in a chemical reaction


Chemical Reactivity :Chemical Reactivity Product(s) - The final form taken by the major reactant(s) of a reaction. Chemical reactions are commonly written as equations: 2 H2O → 2 H2 + O2


pH scale :pH scale pH stands for "power of hydrogen" unit of measure that expresses the degree of acidity of a substance. Way of expressing the strength of acids and bases. Under 7 = acid 7 = neutralOver 7 = base


pH testing :pH testing There are several ways to test pH Blue litmus paper (red = acid) Red litmus paper (blue = basic) pH paper (multi-colored)


pH indicator Paper :pH indicator Paper Indicators are dyes that can be added that will change color in the presence of an acid or base. Some indicators only work in a specific range of pH Once the drops are added, the sample is ruined Some dyes are natural, like radish skin or red cabbage


Solution, Solvent and Solute :Solution, Solvent and Solute A solution is a homogeneous mixture of ions or molecules of two or more substances. Two parts Solvent is the component that is in the largest quantity Solute is the component that is dissolved in the solvent. If one of the components of a solution is a liquid it is usually the solvent. If the solvent is water then the solution is identified as an aqueous solution.