Phase Diagrams

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Typical Phase Diagram : 

Typical Phase Diagram 3 Areas Lines represent equilibria Solid-Vapor Solid-Liquid Liquid-Vapor T = Triple Point Temp/Pressure where all 3 phases coincide C = Critical Point Temp above which liquefaction cannot occur Image from http://www.chemguide.co.uk/physical/phaseeqia/phasediags.html

Determining the Normal Melting Point & Normal Boiling Point : 

Determining the Normal Melting Point & Normal Boiling Point Plot a line across at standard atmospheric pressure Where it crosses solid-liquid equilibrium  Normal Melting Point Where it crosses liquid-vapor equilibrium  Normal Boiling Point Image from http://www.chemguide.co.uk/physical/phaseeqia/phasediags.html

Phase Diagram for Water : 

Phase Diagram for Water Solid-liquid equilibrium line has a negative slope Highly unusual Due to molecular structure As pressure is increased, melting point decreases Real-world application? Ice Skating Image from http://www.chemguide.co.uk/physical/phaseeqia/phasediags.html

Phase Diagram for H2O (labeled) : 

Phase Diagram for H2O (labeled) Image from http://www.chemguide.co.uk/physical/phaseeqia/phasediags.html

Phase Diagram for CO2 : 

Phase Diagram for CO2 Image from http://www.chemguide.co.uk/physical/phaseeqia/phasediags.html