Chemical Formulas & Symbols

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Chemical Formulas: 

Chemical Formulas The alphabet and vocabulary of the “chemistry language”

Chemistry…a symbolic language: 

Chemistry…a symbolic language Chemists use a system of symbols to convey information ~114 elements on the PT Millions of compounds We use formulas to represent compounds Why? It simplifies our work greatly

How does an element get its name?: 

How does an element get its name? Based on: What it was used for Who discovered the element Property of the element Place of discovery The mineral in which the element is found Recognition of an honored place or person

Element Symbols: 

Element Symbols Chemical symbols - shorthand for the complete names of the elements Berzelius (Swedish chemist) came up with system First letter of name used (sometimes Latin name used), and if necessary, second or important letter is used (sometimes a third)

Why the funky names and symbols for some elements?: 

Why the funky names and symbols for some elements? Early elements were named by Latin speaking scientists Latin was considered the “language of learning”

Elements and their Latin Names: 

Elements and their Latin Names Antimony Copper Gold Iron Lead Mercury Silver Tin Tungsten Stibium Cuprum Aurum Ferrum Plumbum Hydragyrum Argentum Stannum Wolfram (Gr)

How we use symbols…: 

How we use symbols… Cl 35 17 -1 2 Atomic Number = # of protons Atomic Mass Number = Protons + Neutrons Charge/Oxidation Number = excess or deficiency in electrons Subscript = indicates# of atoms in a formula unit

Chemical Formulas: 

Chemical Formulas …a combination of symbols that represents the composition of a compound A formula shows: What elements are present The relative number of atoms of each element (subscripts)

Oxidation Numbers: 

Oxidation Numbers Ratio of atoms in compounds depends on the atomic structure Chemical reactions  interactions of electrons Ion – electrically charged atoms Monatomic ion – only one atom (Na + Cl - ) Polyatomic ion – more than one atom (SO 4 -2 NH 4 + ) Cation is a + ion Anion is a - ion