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Edit Comment Close Premium member Presentation Transcript Benign lung tumor : Benign lung tumor Conducted by : Ms.Monika Clinical instructor Army college of nursing ,jalandhar canttDefinition : Definition Benign lung tumor s are a heterogeneous group of neoplastic lesions originating from pulmonary structures. The term BENIGN may be misleading because these interfere with lung function.(E.g…obstruction of a major bronchus may occur).depending upon the tumor’s location.Difference b/w BLT & benign lung Nodule : Difference b/w BLT & benign lung Nodule BLT A benign lung tumor is an abnormal growth of tissue that serves no purpose and is found not to be cancerous. Benign lung tumors may grow from many different structures in the lung. a nodule is a benign tumor or an early stage of cancer BENIGN LUNG NODULE A nodule is a "spot on the lung," seen on an X-ray or computed tomography (CT) scan. In fact, a nodule shows up on about one in every 500 chest X-rays. Normal lung tissue surrounds this small round or oval solid overgrowth of tissue. It may be a single or solitary pulmonary nodule OR multiple nodules. Your lung nodule is more likely to be benign if: - You are younger than 40. - You are a nonsmoker.Benign lung nodule : Benign lung noduleFrequency of BLT: Frequency of BLT Benign tumors make up 2-5% of all primary lung tumors The exact incidence is not known because these tumors are often asymptomatic and are only detected during autopsy. Reported series suggest that benign lung tumors affect men more frequently than women . The age range of patients affected is 17-77 years, with a mean age of 56 years for all types.Classification of benign lung tumor: Classification of benign lung tumor These are some of the more common types of benign lung tumors: Hamartomas Bronchial adenomas Rare neoplasmsa) Hamartoma : a) Hamartoma It is the most common type of benign lung tumor and the third most common cause of pulmonary nodules. These firm marble-like tumors are made up of tissue from the lung's lining as well as tissue such as fat and cartilage. They are usually located in the periphery of the lung. The most common benign lung tumor is the hamartoma.2) Bronchial Adenomas : 2) Bronchial Adenomas It describes a diverse group of tumors arising from mucous glands & ducts of the trachea. Bronchial adenomas make up about half of all benign lung tumors. They are a group of tumors that arise from mucous glands and ducts of the windpipe or large airways of the lung. A mucous gland adenoma is an example of a true benign bronchial adenoma.c) Rare neoplasm : c) Rare neoplasm Rare neoplasms may include chondromas, fibromas, or lipomas . these benign tumors made up of connective tissue or fatty tissue.Sign & symptoms: Sign & symptoms Benign lung nodules and tumors usually cause no symptoms. This is why they are almost always found accidentally on a chest X-ray or CT scan. However, they may lead to symptoms like these: Wheezing Coughing that lasts or coughing up blood Shortness of breath Fever, especially if pneumonia is presentETIOLOGY : ETIOLOGY The causes of benign lung tumors and nodules are poorly understood. But in general, they often result from problems like these: Inflammation from infections such as : An infectious fungus (histoplasmosis, coccidioidomycosis, cryptococcosis ) Tuberculosis (TB) A lung abscess Round pneumonia Inflammation from noninfectious causes such as: Rheumatoid arthritis Sarcoidosis Birth defects such as a lung cyst or other lung malformation.Diagnostic evaluation : Diagnostic evaluation a) History taking and doing a physical exam : your doctor may simply "watch" a nodule, taking repeated X-rays, over a period of two years. If the nodule remains the same size for at least two years, it is considered benign. That's because benign lung nodules grow slowly. On the other hand, cancerous nodules, on average, double in size every four months. Your doctor may continue to a check your lung nodule each year for up to five years to ensure that it is benign. Benign nodules also tend to have smoother edges as well as a more regular shape than cancerous nodules.Cont……….d : Cont……….d b) Blood tests c) Tuberculin skin test to check for TB d) CT Scan e) Magnetic resonance imaging (in rare cases) f) Biopsy, tissue removal, and examination under a microscope to confirm whether the tumor is benign or cancerous A biopsy can be done using a variety of methods such as aspirating cells through a needle or removing them through an excision using bronchoscopy.Treatment ( medical therapy) : Treatment ( medical therapy) A solitary nodule in a young nonsmoking patient can be monitored with serial radiographs as long as the solitary nodule does not double in size in less than a year and it does not significantly increase in the pattern with a malignancy. Otherwise, medical therapy is limited to the initial management of complications .Surgical management : Surgical management The extent of surgery may be simple endoscopic resection, thoracotomy with bronchotomy ,segmental resection, lobectomy, sleeve resection, or pneumonectomy. Endoscopic resection using the rigid bronchoscope is readily used to resect endobronchial benign lung tumors. Commonly, surgical resection is recommended for bronchial adenomas because of the potential for malignancy. The surgical approach should include complete resectionPre-operative care : Pre-operative care Pre operative care must be done to prevent or limit operative and postoperative complications.Intraoperative care : Intraoperative care Anesthesia preparation is similar to that for any standard thoracotomy and involves use of an epidural, endotracheal tube, and invasive lines (including radial artery catheter and central line). At the time of open thoracotomy, perform a complete tumor resection and conserve as much lung as possible. In the setting of a lung adenoma, a complete lymph node dissection should also be performed.Postoperative care : Postoperative care Triage the patient to the surgical ICU or postoperative recovery floor. Follow-up chest radiograph surveillance every 3 months for the first year, every 6 months the second year, and yearly thereafter is recommended. Complications Possible complications due to benign lung tumors include pneumonia , atelectasis , hemoptysis, and malignancy .Outcome and Prognosis : Outcome and Prognosis Surgical resection is curative for most benign lung tumors. The 5- and 10-year survival rates following surgical resection of typical carcinoid tumors of the lung are 95% and 90%, respectively. You do not have the permission to view this presentation. In order to view it, please contact the author of the presentation.
Benign lung tumor.ppt monikajoseph Download Post to : URL : Related Presentations : Share Add to Flag Embed Email Send to Blogs and Networks Add to Channel Uploaded from authorPOINT lite Insert YouTube videos in PowerPont slides with aS Desktop Copy embed code: (To copy code, click on the text box) Embed: URL: Thumbnail: WordPress Embed Customize Embed The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites. Views: 275 Category: Education License: All Rights Reserved Like it (0) Dislike it (0) Added: April 29, 2011 This Presentation is Public Favorites: 0 Presentation Description No description available. Comments Posting comment... By: monikajoseph (7 month(s) ago) thnx Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: siddique1332 (10 month(s) ago) good presentation Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close Premium member Presentation Transcript Benign lung tumor : Benign lung tumor Conducted by : Ms.Monika Clinical instructor Army college of nursing ,jalandhar canttDefinition : Definition Benign lung tumor s are a heterogeneous group of neoplastic lesions originating from pulmonary structures. The term BENIGN may be misleading because these interfere with lung function.(E.g…obstruction of a major bronchus may occur).depending upon the tumor’s location.Difference b/w BLT & benign lung Nodule : Difference b/w BLT & benign lung Nodule BLT A benign lung tumor is an abnormal growth of tissue that serves no purpose and is found not to be cancerous. Benign lung tumors may grow from many different structures in the lung. a nodule is a benign tumor or an early stage of cancer BENIGN LUNG NODULE A nodule is a "spot on the lung," seen on an X-ray or computed tomography (CT) scan. In fact, a nodule shows up on about one in every 500 chest X-rays. Normal lung tissue surrounds this small round or oval solid overgrowth of tissue. It may be a single or solitary pulmonary nodule OR multiple nodules. Your lung nodule is more likely to be benign if: - You are younger than 40. - You are a nonsmoker.Benign lung nodule : Benign lung noduleFrequency of BLT: Frequency of BLT Benign tumors make up 2-5% of all primary lung tumors The exact incidence is not known because these tumors are often asymptomatic and are only detected during autopsy. Reported series suggest that benign lung tumors affect men more frequently than women . The age range of patients affected is 17-77 years, with a mean age of 56 years for all types.Classification of benign lung tumor: Classification of benign lung tumor These are some of the more common types of benign lung tumors: Hamartomas Bronchial adenomas Rare neoplasmsa) Hamartoma : a) Hamartoma It is the most common type of benign lung tumor and the third most common cause of pulmonary nodules. These firm marble-like tumors are made up of tissue from the lung's lining as well as tissue such as fat and cartilage. They are usually located in the periphery of the lung. The most common benign lung tumor is the hamartoma.2) Bronchial Adenomas : 2) Bronchial Adenomas It describes a diverse group of tumors arising from mucous glands & ducts of the trachea. Bronchial adenomas make up about half of all benign lung tumors. They are a group of tumors that arise from mucous glands and ducts of the windpipe or large airways of the lung. A mucous gland adenoma is an example of a true benign bronchial adenoma.c) Rare neoplasm : c) Rare neoplasm Rare neoplasms may include chondromas, fibromas, or lipomas . these benign tumors made up of connective tissue or fatty tissue.Sign & symptoms: Sign & symptoms Benign lung nodules and tumors usually cause no symptoms. This is why they are almost always found accidentally on a chest X-ray or CT scan. However, they may lead to symptoms like these: Wheezing Coughing that lasts or coughing up blood Shortness of breath Fever, especially if pneumonia is presentETIOLOGY : ETIOLOGY The causes of benign lung tumors and nodules are poorly understood. But in general, they often result from problems like these: Inflammation from infections such as : An infectious fungus (histoplasmosis, coccidioidomycosis, cryptococcosis ) Tuberculosis (TB) A lung abscess Round pneumonia Inflammation from noninfectious causes such as: Rheumatoid arthritis Sarcoidosis Birth defects such as a lung cyst or other lung malformation.Diagnostic evaluation : Diagnostic evaluation a) History taking and doing a physical exam : your doctor may simply "watch" a nodule, taking repeated X-rays, over a period of two years. If the nodule remains the same size for at least two years, it is considered benign. That's because benign lung nodules grow slowly. On the other hand, cancerous nodules, on average, double in size every four months. Your doctor may continue to a check your lung nodule each year for up to five years to ensure that it is benign. Benign nodules also tend to have smoother edges as well as a more regular shape than cancerous nodules.Cont……….d : Cont……….d b) Blood tests c) Tuberculin skin test to check for TB d) CT Scan e) Magnetic resonance imaging (in rare cases) f) Biopsy, tissue removal, and examination under a microscope to confirm whether the tumor is benign or cancerous A biopsy can be done using a variety of methods such as aspirating cells through a needle or removing them through an excision using bronchoscopy.Treatment ( medical therapy) : Treatment ( medical therapy) A solitary nodule in a young nonsmoking patient can be monitored with serial radiographs as long as the solitary nodule does not double in size in less than a year and it does not significantly increase in the pattern with a malignancy. Otherwise, medical therapy is limited to the initial management of complications .Surgical management : Surgical management The extent of surgery may be simple endoscopic resection, thoracotomy with bronchotomy ,segmental resection, lobectomy, sleeve resection, or pneumonectomy. Endoscopic resection using the rigid bronchoscope is readily used to resect endobronchial benign lung tumors. Commonly, surgical resection is recommended for bronchial adenomas because of the potential for malignancy. The surgical approach should include complete resectionPre-operative care : Pre-operative care Pre operative care must be done to prevent or limit operative and postoperative complications.Intraoperative care : Intraoperative care Anesthesia preparation is similar to that for any standard thoracotomy and involves use of an epidural, endotracheal tube, and invasive lines (including radial artery catheter and central line). At the time of open thoracotomy, perform a complete tumor resection and conserve as much lung as possible. In the setting of a lung adenoma, a complete lymph node dissection should also be performed.Postoperative care : Postoperative care Triage the patient to the surgical ICU or postoperative recovery floor. Follow-up chest radiograph surveillance every 3 months for the first year, every 6 months the second year, and yearly thereafter is recommended. Complications Possible complications due to benign lung tumors include pneumonia , atelectasis , hemoptysis, and malignancy .Outcome and Prognosis : Outcome and Prognosis Surgical resection is curative for most benign lung tumors. The 5- and 10-year survival rates following surgical resection of typical carcinoid tumors of the lung are 95% and 90%, respectively.