Professional nursing concepts

Professional nursing concepts & practices:

Professional nursing concepts & practices Conducted by: Ms.Monika (clinical instructor) Army College of Nursing

Theory :

Theory According to Chinn & Kramer 1999: It is a set of concepts, definitions, relationships & assumptions or propositions that project a purposive, systematic view of phenomena by designing specific interrelationships among concepts for the purpose of describing, explaining, predicting & prescribing

Contd….:

Contd…. Theory includes concepts, definition, assumptions of one phenomenon For example: Henderson theory, Roger’s theory etc Model : theoretical model refers to global idea about individuals, groups, situations or events of interest to a specific discipline

Holistic health model:

Holistic health model Now a days nursing is more concerned with giving a holistic nursing care. In This model emotional & spiritual well being is considered as important dimensions of individual. Patients are involved in their own health care. Interventions: music therapy, message, laughter therapy, biofeedback, guided imagery .

Health belief model:

Health belief model In this model, the relationship between person’s belief & behaviour is explained. Developed by Rosenstoch in 1974 & Becker & Maiman in 1975 It helps to understand client’s behavior towards his health & also how he adjust with interventions It has 3 components

Components :

Components 1.Individual perceptions : it means how individual perceive or feel about developing illness E.g. from past 2 generations, family members died with DM, now offspring & 3 generation may perceive himself as susciptible to DM 2.Individual’s perception of seriousness of illness : means how much serious is the illness from which client suffer, such perception is influenced by psychological factors, complications/ recovery.

Contd…:

Contd… 3.Likelihood of action : means taking preventive measures (weight control, diet control, regular exercise, check ups, life style modifications) or barriers to take action.

Health promotion model:

Health promotion model Purposed by Pender in 1982 It defines health as a positive, dynamic state, not merely absence of disease. It describes multidimensional nature of persons as they interact within their environment to persue health. It has 3 areas: 1. Client’s cognitive perceptual factors, 2.modifying factors & 3.participation in health – promoting behaviors

Peplau’s theory:

Peplau’s theory Concepts of theory: focuses on IPR process & therapeutic relationship that developed between nurse & client According to Peplau the definitions are: Nursing: it is an educative instrument, a maturing force that aims to promote health Person: person is an individual developed through IPR that lives in a stable environment

Contd….:

Contd…. Environment: it is a physiological, psychological & social fluidity that may be illness, maintaining & promoting health Health: health is formed involvement of personality & other ongoing human processes in directions of creative & constructive personnal & community living

Virginia henderson’s theory:

Virginia henderson’s theory Henderson incoroporated physiological & psychological principles into her personal concept of nursing Major concepts & definitions: Nursing : ‘The unique functions of nurse is to assist the individual, sick or well in the performance of those activities contributing to health or its recovery that he would perform unaided if he had necessary strength, will or knowledge.’

Contd….:

Contd…. Health: health is a quality of life, it is basic to human functioning , it requires independence & interdependence Environment: healthy individual may be able to control their environment, but illness may interfere with that ability Patient: she viewed patient as an idividual who requires assistence to achieve healthy & independence or peaceful death.the mind & body are inseparable

Contd…:

Contd… Basic needs:henderson identified 14 basic needs of patient which comprise components of nursing care, the basic needs are: Breathe normally Eat & drink adequately Eliminate body wastes Move & maintain desirable postures Sleep & rest Select suitable clothes Maintain body temperature

Contd….:

Contd…. Keep body clean & well groomed Avoid dangers in environment & injury Communicate with others in expressing emotions, needs, fear or opinions Worship according to one’s faith Work in such a way that there is a sense of accomplishment Play or participate in various forms of recreation

Contd…:

Contd… Learn, discover or safety the uriosity that leads to normal development & health & use of available health facilities According to Henderson the nurse is the primary care giver & can help the patient move to an independent state by assessing, planning, implementing & evaluating each of 14 components of basic nursing care.

OREM’S THEORY :

OREM’S THEORY Dorothea E.Orem, America’s foremost nursing theorist has given self care deficit theory of nursing. This theory composed of 3 related theories: Theory of self care (describes why & how people care for themselves) Theory of self care deficit (describes how people can be helped through nursing) Theory of nursing systems (describes relationship that must be brought about & maintained for nursing to be produced)

Major concepts & definitions:

Major concepts & definitions Self care : practice of activities that maturing & mature persons initiate & perform within time frames, on their own behalf, & in interest of maintaining life & healthful functioning & continuing personal development & well being. Self care requisties: a formulated & expressed insight about actions to be performed that are known or hypothesized to be necessary in the regulation of an aspect of human functioning

Contd…:

Contd… & development, either continuously or under specified conditions & circumstances. Therapeutic self care demand : summation of acre measures necessary at specific times or over a duration of time for meeting all of an individual’s known self care requisties. Agent : the person who engages in a course of action or has power to engage in a course of action

Contd….:

Contd…. Self care deficit : a relationship between human properties of therapeutic self care demand & self care agency in which constituent developed self care capabilities within self care agency are not operable or not adequate for knowing & meeting some or all components of existent or projected therapeutic self care demand

Orem’s theory & clinical practice:

Orem’s theory & clinical practice Orem’s model is used for practice in many forms. It is used as a framework in variety of settings e.g. acute care units, ambulatory clinics, critical care units, nursing homes, rehabilitation settings, etc.

ROGER’S THEORY:

ROGER’S THEORY Martha Roger considers the person as an energy field coexisting with in the universe. According to her, the individual is in continous interaction with the environment & is unified whole, possessing personal integrity & manifesting characteristics that are more than such of the parts.

Concepts & definitions:

Concepts & definitions Energy field : an energy field constitutes fundamental unit of both the living & non living. They are human field & environment field. Unitary human being is defined as an irreducible, invisible energy field identified by pattern & manifesting characteristics that rare specific to whole which can not be predicted from knowledge of parts.

Contd….:

Contd…. Universe of open system: this concept holds the energy fields are infinite, open & integral with one another. The human & environment fields are in continuous process & are open system Pattern: it is a distinguishing characteristic of a field & is perceived as a single wave. The nature of pattern changes continuously & may manifest disease, illness or pain

Contd…..:

Contd….. Nursing: according to her, nursing is a humanistic science concerned with maintaining & promoting health, preventing illness, caring for & rehabilitating the sick & disabled. Nursing seek to promote interaction between environment & man to strengthen the coherence & integrity of human beings.