1.Bionano Seminar

Glyconanomedicine in Diagnosis and Therapy ofNeurodegenerative Disorders : 

Glyconanomedicine in Diagnosis and Therapy ofNeurodegenerative Disorders Bionano Seminar Murugan Veerapandian 08/Apr/2008

Outline : 

Outline Introduction-Neurodegenerative disorders Bioimaging of CNS Barriers to CNS delivery Nanocarriers for drug delivery My concern

Neurodegenerative Disorders : 

Neurodegenerative Disorders The accumulation, aggregation and modification of normal host proteins, the effects of viral infections, disrupted blood flow, alterations in tissue homeostasis, and immunological damage underlie the pathogenesis of most neurodegenerative disorders Ex: Para-sagittal MRI of the head in a patient with benign familial macrocephaly Key ref: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurodegenerative_disease

Neurodegenrative Disorders : 

Neurodegenrative Disorders Alzheimer’s, Parkinsonism, meningitis, stroke, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), multiple sclerosis (MS), and HIV-1-associated dementia (HAD) Bioimaging of the CNS Positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) Morphological studies include magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) Magnetization transfer MRI (to assess myelin loss), 1H and 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI)

Barriers to CNS Delivery : 

Barriers to CNS Delivery Drug release mechanism Blood-Brian Barrier “Structurally differentiated blood capillaries are lined with a layer of special endothelial cells that lack fenestrations and are sealed with tight junctions” Blood-Cerebrospinal Fluid Barrier “The second barrier, where a systemically administered drug encounters before entering the CNS is known as the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCB). Since the CSF can exchange molecules with the interstitial fluid of the brain parenchyma, the passage of blood-borne molecules into the CSF is also carefully regulated by the BCB” Blood-Tumor Barrier “In CNS malignancies where the BBB is significantly compromised, a variety of physiological barriers common to all solid tumors inhibit drug delivery via the cardiovascular system” Ref: http://www.nature.com/nrd/journal/v6/n8/images/nrd2368-f1.jpg

Nanocarriers for CNS delivery (Adapted from ref:3) : 

Nanocarriers for CNS delivery (Adapted from ref:3) Nanocarriers

My Concern : 

My Concern Evaluation of multifunctional glyconanomedicine for autoimmune disorders and neurodegenerative diseases Synthesis Method Adapted from ref:5&6

Slide 8: 

(Adapted from ref:8)

Application : 

Application Confocal microscope imaging for staining of sperm with glycoquantum dots: A) selective QDGLN labeling on the heads of sea-urchin sperm (scale bar=20 mm), B) close-up of QDGLN-labeled sea-urchin sperm, and C) close-up of QDMAN-labeled mouse sperm (Adapted from ref:5,6&7)

Pharmaceutical Perspective : 

Pharmaceutical Perspective Biodegradable/Non-toxic Increased drug efficacy Solubility Target specificity Controlled drug delivery Activated cellular targets or inhibiting the binding of pathogens (Adapted from ref:4)

References : 

References J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2003;304:1-7 J Pharm Pharmaceut Sci 2003; 6(2):252-273 Nature Nanotechnology 2007; 2: 751-760 Macromolecules 2009; 42 (1): 3-13 Carbohydrate Research 2006; 341: 1209–1234 Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 2006; 1760: 636–651 ChemBioChem 2005, 6, 1899 – 1905 Biochem.Biophys.Res.Comm.2007; 355:488–493

Slide 12: 

Thank you for your kind attention