Jones Presentation

How People Learn: : 

How People Learn: By: Mary Jones

Learning & Transfer : 

Learning & Transfer Transfer is key to the process of learning Transfer gives us the ability to convey what has been learned in one setting to another. It is hoped that students and employees will transfer what they learn to all area’s.

Thorndike’s Hypothesis : 

Thorndike’s Hypothesis He was on of the first to do transfer test’s to study learning and transfer. He hypothesized that that “the degree of transfer between initial and later learning depends upon the match between elements across the two events”.

Initial Learning : 

Initial Learning What a person initially learns is necessary to transfer what they learn in the future. Transfer is an ongoing process that continues and does not have an ending. Whenever a person learns something new it is transferred to something they have previously learned. It is important to have a good understanding of the original subject, or else transfer will not be successful.

Understanding Versus Memorizing : 

Understanding Versus Memorizing In order to transfer information a person must have an understanding and knowledge about the subject. Someone who just memorizes properties of the veins and arteries would not make a great nurse since they cannot transfer this information.

Time & Learning : 

Time & Learning Amount of time is key to being knowledgeable in a subject. The more time we invest in a subject = the more knowledge we have on the subject. Example: Figure 3.5 shows us the students who put 250 hours into their algebra verses the 65 hours had a better outcome.

Time & Learning : 

Time & Learning Providing students with time to learn also includes providing enough time for them to process information. A good teacher is trained and knows if their student is not grasping the information because they are going to fast. I have seen many teachers slow down their course if they feel the students are becoming knowledgeable in the subject.

Situated Learning & Education : 

Situated Learning & Education This article is for every student that said, “When will I ever use this?” Situated learning focuses on what is learn specific to the situation on where it is learned. They are trying to say that great emphasis should be focused on how students will transfer the mathematics into the real world from the class room. Knowledge will not transfer if not learned in many different settings and examples. Situated Learning is still an ongoing study.

Feedback & Learning : 

Feedback & Learning Learning is most effective when we monitor what we learn which we obtain feedback on. A student must know when, where, and how to utilize the knowledge they have obtained.

Motivation to Learn : 

Motivation to Learn What motivates you on how you spend your time? Motivation effects the time we spend on learning. A few factors in motivating us to learn is level of difficulty, social opportunities, and how it affects others.

Context : 

Context We are unable to transfer information if not in the same setting we learned it. Example: Some Brazilian street children could perform mathematics when making sales in the street but were unable to answer similar problems presented in a school context.”

Context : 

Context It is important to teach a subject in multiple contexts and not just one. Examples are great when teaching something, but it is important to have many different types of examples and contexts. People will be more likely to retrieve the information in any setting.

Active Versus Passive Approaches : 

Active Versus Passive Approaches An active view of transfer is that learners can solve a set of transfer problems right after initially learning the subject. Researchers (Singley and Anderson, 1989) have proven that the 2nd day is more effective in transferring information that immediately.

Learning as Transfer from Previous Experiences : 

Learning as Transfer from Previous Experiences The initial learning phases has to transfer information to be able to bring it back up. “All learning involves transfer from previous experiences.” We must activate the previous knowledge we have to build on a subject. This is called building on existing knowledge.

Transfer Between School & Everyday Life : 

Transfer Between School & Everyday Life A teacher’s goal should be to get a student to be able to transfer information from school to home, work, and the community. In school settings we usually work alone, no tools to help, use abstract reasoning. In everyday life we usually work together, have tools, and use contextualized reasoning.

In Conclusion : 

In Conclusion The goal of education in school is to train a child on how to transfer information into everyday life.