logging in or signing up GPRS Overview mitalinarwani Download Post to : URL : Related Presentations : Share Add to Flag Embed Email Send to Blogs and Networks Add to Channel Uploaded from authorPOINT lite Insert YouTube videos in PowerPont slides with aS Desktop Copy embed code: (To copy code, click on the text box) Embed: URL: Thumbnail: WordPress Embed Customize Embed The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites. Views: 1101 Category: Science & Tech.. License: All Rights Reserved Like it (6) Dislike it (0) Added: September 17, 2010 This Presentation is Public Favorites: 4 Presentation Description No description available. Comments Posting comment... By: shantanu_ece (13 month(s) ago) plz send this presentation to my mail id : shantanu.mukherjee86@gmail.com Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: Dhavalpatelj (14 month(s) ago) plz send this presentation to my email id: dhavalp46@yahoo.com Saving..... Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: Dhavalpatelj (14 month(s) ago) plz send this presentation to my email id: dhavalp46@yahoo.com Saving..... Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: dungnt84 (14 month(s) ago) very good presentation, plz send me via email ntdbk84@gmail.com Thanks! Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: nkmj (15 month(s) ago) Realy fantastic presentation, it will help me learn more...plz mail me on mishranishant59@gmail.com Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close loading.... See all Premium member Presentation Transcript GPRS….. : GPRS….. GPRS is a new set of GSM-bearer services that provide packet mode transmission within the GSM network & interconnects with external packet data networks. GPRS Overview : GPRS Overview General Packet Radio Service. Data is packetized and transmitted. GPRS networks require a Serving GPRS node and Gateway GPRS node additionally to the existing cellular network. GPRS Architecture : GPRS Architecture GPRS modem GSM Network Image Source: ETSI GPRS Documents GSM 03.60 GPRS MS Data Transmission : GPRS MS Data Transmission Image Source: ETSI GPRS Documents GSM 03.60 Control signal for motor or other applications GPRS MS Signaling : GPRS MS Signaling Image Source: ETSI GPRS Documents GSM 03.60 GPRS Mobility management and session management. Protocol supports mobility management functionality such as GPRS attach, GPRS detach, security, routing area update, location update, PDP context activation, and PDP context deactivation. GSM Architecture : GSM Architecture GPRS Additions : GPRS Additions GPRS Logical Architecture – put together : GPRS Logical Architecture – put together BSC GMSCMSC/VLR SGSN PTM-SC EIR HLR AUC GGSN IP-Backbone Network External IP Network External X.25 Network Gs Gf Gr BTS - Base Transceiver Station BSC - Base Station Controller MSC - Mobile Switching Centre HLR - Home Location Register SGSN - Serving GPRS Support Node GGSN - Gateway GPRS Support Node PTM-SC - Point-to-Multipoint Service Centre Notebook & GPRS mobile BTS Gb External IP Network Um ISDN/PSTN Gn Gi GPRS Protocols : GPRS Protocols GSM RF MAC RLC LLC SNDCP IP / X.25 IP / X.25 GTP L1 L2 Application GSM RF Frame Relay MAC RLC BSSGP L1bis BSSGP Frame Relay LLC SNDCP GTP L1bis L1 L2 IP MS BSS (PCU) SGSN GGSN Um Gn Gb Gi IP UDP/ TCP UDP/ TCP SNDCP : SNDCP Sub Network Dependent Convergence Protocol Convergence from different protocols to single link supported by LLC Multiplexing different sources onto one link Header Compression Data Compression Fragmentation of large packets LLC : LLC Logical Link Control Protocol Establishes a link between Mobile station & SGSN It may work either in acknowledged or unacknowledged modes RLC : RLC Radio Link Control Protocol Protocol Works in Acknowledge mode Using sliding window mechanism for flow control Uses Packet data Traffic Channel (PDTCH) 8 PDTCHs form a Packet Data Channel (PDCH) Each PDCH correspond to one timeslot in GSM TDMA frame Mobile Station modes : Mobile Station modes GPRS Channels : GPRS Channels PRACH – Packet Random Access Channel, uplink, used to initiate uplink transfer PPCH – Packet Paging Channel, downlink, BSC uses this to page the MS before downlink transmission PAGCH – Packet Access Grant Channel, downlink, resource assignments are sent on this channel PDTCH – Packet Data Traffic Channel, up & downlink, used to send data packets PACCH – Packet Associated Control Channel, up & downlink, used to convey signalling along with PDTCH Introduction : Introduction GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) Reuse the existing GSM infrastructure Introduce packet-switched routing functionality Better data transfer rates Low cost and connectivity-oriented Migration Path to 3G Networks Packet-switched techniquevs. circuit-switched : Packet-switched techniquevs. circuit-switched In circuit-switching, resources (e.g. a channel) are allocated to user for duration of connection Inefficient use of resources User pays for the whole connection High QoS: channel maintains real-time connection In packet-switching, resources are allocated to user only for the time it takes to send each packet A channel can serve many users User pays by the packet Ideal for bursty data connections Comparison : Comparison Packet-switched High bit rates (up to 170kbit/s) Short access times Friendly bill (based on volume) Robust application support Frequent transmission of small volumes Infrequent transmission of small or medium volumes Circuit-switched Low bit rates (maximum 14.4kbit/s) Long access times Unfriendly bill (based on duration) Limited application support Large volumes GPRS Architecture : GPRS Architecture GPRS Architecture - Components : GPRS Architecture - Components New components introduced for GPRS services: SGSN (Serving GPRS Support Node) GGSN (Gateway GPRS Support Node) IP-based backbone network Old components in GSM upgraded for GPRS services: HLR MSC/VLR Mobile Station GPRS ArchitectureSGSN – Serving GPRS Support Node : GPRS ArchitectureSGSN – Serving GPRS Support Node At the same hierarchical level as the MSC. Transfers data packets between mobile stations and GGSNs. Keeps track of the individual MSs’ location and performs security functions and access control. Detects and registers new GPRS mobile stations located in its service area Participates into routing, as well as mobility management functions. GPRS ArchitectureGGSN – Gateway GPRS Support Node : GPRS ArchitectureGGSN – Gateway GPRS Support Node Provides inter-working between PLMN and external packet-switched networks. Converts the GPRS packets from SGSN into the appropriate packet data protocol format (e.g., IP or X.25) and sends out on the corresponding packet data network. Participates into the mobility management. Maintains the location information of the mobile stations that are using the data protocols provided by that GGSN. Collects charging information for billing purpose. GPRS ArchitectureHLR : GPRS ArchitectureHLR Enhanced with GPRS subscription data and routing information. Accessible from the SGSN via the Gr interface and from the GGSN via the Gc interface. GPRS ArchitectureMSC/VLR : GPRS ArchitectureMSC/VLR Not needed for routing of GPRS data. Needed for the co-operation between GPRS and the other GSM services. e.g., Paging for circuit-switched calls that can be performed more efficiently via the SGSN Combining GPRS and non-GPRS location updates Receives location information from SGSN or sends paging requests to SGSN via the Gs interface. GPRS ArchitectureMobile Station : GPRS ArchitectureMobile Station GPRS MS includes two components: MT (Mobile Terminal). Typically a handset used to access the radio interface. TE (Terminal Equipment). Typically a laptop or a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA). Could be one unit combing the functionalities of a MT and a TE. GPRS ArchitectureMobile Station (cont.) : GPRS ArchitectureMobile Station (cont.) Three types of MS: Class-A: Could be attached to both GPRS and other GSM services, and the MS supports simultaneous operation of GPRS and other GSM services. Class-B: Could be attached to both GPRS and other GSM services, but the MS can only operate one set of services at a time. Class-C: Could be exclusively attached to one service type at a given time. GPRS ArchitectureInterfaces : GPRS ArchitectureInterfaces TE MT BSS SGSN GGSN PDN TE MSC/VLR HLR SGSN CGF EIR Billing System Other PLMN GGSN R Um A Gs D Gr Gc Gb Gn Gi Gn Gp Gf Ga Ga • CGF(Charging Gateway) Packet transfer : Packet transfer Intra-PLMN backbone PLMN Mobility Management : Mobility Management Mobility management is the means by which GPRS keeps track of a mobile subscriber location while connected to the Network. Main concepts : GPRS mobility management states GPRS network access. Attachment. Location management Packet Data protocol PDP context Detachment Routing Example Mobility Management Mobility Management States : Explicit Detach Mobility Management Mobility Management States IDLE READY STANDBY GPRS Attach GPRS Detach Timer expiry/Force STANDBY/Abnormal RLC condition PDU Transmission /Reception reachable mobile unreachable mobile Slide 30: IDLE State GPRS MS is unreachable - MS may receive PTM-M message READY state MS can send and receive PDP PDU, and receive PTM-P and PTM-G data. A timer monitors the ready state and upon its expiry, the MS is put on standby. STANDBY State MS is attached to GPRS MM. - MS and SGSN have established MM contexts. MS can receive PTM-M and PTM-G data (i.e. can receive paging message) PTP data reception and transmission, and PTM-G data transmission are not possible Mobility Management Mobility Management States (cont.) Mobility Management GPRS network access : Mobility Management GPRS network access An MS can connect to the GPRS network by requesting a GPRS attach procedure. The outcome is the establishment of a logical link between the MS and a single SGSN and the creation of a mobility management context. The logical link is uniquely defined by the identifier TLLI and is used subsequently in messages exchanged between the MS and SGSN. This identifier is changed when the MS is served by a new SGSN. Mobility Management Attachment : Mobility Management Attachment Before a mobile station can use GPRS services, it must register with an SGSN of the GPRS network. The network checks if the user is authorized, copies the user profile from the HLR to the SGSN, and assigns a packet temporary mobile subscriber identity (P-TMSI) to the user. Steps : Inform the network for the MS’s request to be active Network checks the Ms’s identity Download MS’s subscription information from HLR to SGSN. Update MSC/HLR Mobility Management Attachment : Mobility Management Attachment GPRS Attach function : Authenticate the mobile Generate the ciphering key Enable the ciphering Allocate temporary identity (TLLI) Copy subscriber profile from HLR to SGSN After GPRS attach The location of the mobile is tracked Communication between MS and SGSN is secured Charging information is collected SGSN knows what the subscriber is allowed to do HLR knows the location of the MS in accuracy of SGSN Mobility Management -Attachment [5] : Mobility Management -Attachment [5] MS BSS New SGSN Old SGSN GGSN EIR New MSC/VLR HLR old MSC/VLR Mobility Management Packet Data Protocol(PDP) Session : Mobility Management Packet Data Protocol(PDP) Session An MS can request to activate one or more PDP (Packet Data Protocol) contexts which specify the PDNs (Packet Data Networks) it want to access. A PDP context activation procedure is initiated for each required PDP session. Triggered by the MS or a request from a PDN. Contains the parameters required to transfer packets between the MS and the PDN via a GGSN. An MS can have more than one PDP context. Mobility Management Packet Data Protocol(PDP) Session : Mobility Management Packet Data Protocol(PDP) Session An MS specifies its network service access point and the Access Point Name (APN) of the PDN it wants to connect to. The SGSN identifies the corresponding GGSN and make its aware of the MS. A two way point-to-point path (tunnel) is uniquely identified by a tunnel ID (TID ) and is established between the SGSN and the GGSN. At the MS a PDP context is identified by a Network Service Access Point Identifier(NSPAI), used by the MS for data transfers. Ms can be assigned static or dynamic addresses Mobility Management Packet Data Protocol(PDP) Content : Mobility Management Packet Data Protocol(PDP) Content A PDP (PACKET Data Protocol) contains: The type of network PDP used (X25, IP...). PDP Addresses of the terminal (x.121, IP). IP Addresses of the SGSN where the subscriber is localized. The access point to the service network used (NSAPI). The quality of service. Mobility Management Packet Data Protocol(PDP) Session[8] : Mobility Management Packet Data Protocol(PDP) Session[8] An MS with two PDP contexts Active Mobility Management PDP context Activation [5] : Mobility Management PDP context Activation [5] MS SGSN GGSN Activate PDP Context Request MS Activate PDP Context Accept Create PDP Context Request Create PDP Context Response PDP type,PDP Address QoS Requested,Access Point,… PDP type,PDP Address, IMSI, QoS Negotiated,Access Point,… PDP type,QoS Negotiated,… PDP type,PDP Address QoS Negotiated,… Mobility Management PDP context Deactivation [5] : Mobility Management PDP context Deactivation [5] MS SGSN GGSN MS DEACTIVATE PDP CONTEXT REQUEST(NSAPI) GTP DELETE PDP CONTEXT REQUEST (NSAPI,IMSI) GTP DELETE PDP CONTEXT RESPONSE SM DEACTIVATE PDP CONTEXT ACCEPT(NSAPI) Mobility ManagementDetachment : Mobility ManagementDetachment Two types of Detachments : MS initiated Detachment: Network Initiated Detachment: (Ex : service Termination, Network congestion) Mobility Management MS Initiated Detachment [5] : Mobility Management MS Initiated Detachment [5] Slide 43: Mobility Management Network Initiated Detachment [5] You do not have the permission to view this presentation. In order to view it, please contact the author of the presentation.
GPRS Overview mitalinarwani Download Post to : URL : Related Presentations : Share Add to Flag Embed Email Send to Blogs and Networks Add to Channel Uploaded from authorPOINT lite Insert YouTube videos in PowerPont slides with aS Desktop Copy embed code: (To copy code, click on the text box) Embed: URL: Thumbnail: WordPress Embed Customize Embed The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites. Views: 1101 Category: Science & Tech.. License: All Rights Reserved Like it (6) Dislike it (0) Added: September 17, 2010 This Presentation is Public Favorites: 4 Presentation Description No description available. Comments Posting comment... By: shantanu_ece (13 month(s) ago) plz send this presentation to my mail id : shantanu.mukherjee86@gmail.com Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: Dhavalpatelj (14 month(s) ago) plz send this presentation to my email id: dhavalp46@yahoo.com Saving..... Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: Dhavalpatelj (14 month(s) ago) plz send this presentation to my email id: dhavalp46@yahoo.com Saving..... Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: dungnt84 (14 month(s) ago) very good presentation, plz send me via email ntdbk84@gmail.com Thanks! Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: nkmj (15 month(s) ago) Realy fantastic presentation, it will help me learn more...plz mail me on mishranishant59@gmail.com Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close loading.... See all Premium member Presentation Transcript GPRS….. : GPRS….. GPRS is a new set of GSM-bearer services that provide packet mode transmission within the GSM network & interconnects with external packet data networks. GPRS Overview : GPRS Overview General Packet Radio Service. Data is packetized and transmitted. GPRS networks require a Serving GPRS node and Gateway GPRS node additionally to the existing cellular network. GPRS Architecture : GPRS Architecture GPRS modem GSM Network Image Source: ETSI GPRS Documents GSM 03.60 GPRS MS Data Transmission : GPRS MS Data Transmission Image Source: ETSI GPRS Documents GSM 03.60 Control signal for motor or other applications GPRS MS Signaling : GPRS MS Signaling Image Source: ETSI GPRS Documents GSM 03.60 GPRS Mobility management and session management. Protocol supports mobility management functionality such as GPRS attach, GPRS detach, security, routing area update, location update, PDP context activation, and PDP context deactivation. GSM Architecture : GSM Architecture GPRS Additions : GPRS Additions GPRS Logical Architecture – put together : GPRS Logical Architecture – put together BSC GMSCMSC/VLR SGSN PTM-SC EIR HLR AUC GGSN IP-Backbone Network External IP Network External X.25 Network Gs Gf Gr BTS - Base Transceiver Station BSC - Base Station Controller MSC - Mobile Switching Centre HLR - Home Location Register SGSN - Serving GPRS Support Node GGSN - Gateway GPRS Support Node PTM-SC - Point-to-Multipoint Service Centre Notebook & GPRS mobile BTS Gb External IP Network Um ISDN/PSTN Gn Gi GPRS Protocols : GPRS Protocols GSM RF MAC RLC LLC SNDCP IP / X.25 IP / X.25 GTP L1 L2 Application GSM RF Frame Relay MAC RLC BSSGP L1bis BSSGP Frame Relay LLC SNDCP GTP L1bis L1 L2 IP MS BSS (PCU) SGSN GGSN Um Gn Gb Gi IP UDP/ TCP UDP/ TCP SNDCP : SNDCP Sub Network Dependent Convergence Protocol Convergence from different protocols to single link supported by LLC Multiplexing different sources onto one link Header Compression Data Compression Fragmentation of large packets LLC : LLC Logical Link Control Protocol Establishes a link between Mobile station & SGSN It may work either in acknowledged or unacknowledged modes RLC : RLC Radio Link Control Protocol Protocol Works in Acknowledge mode Using sliding window mechanism for flow control Uses Packet data Traffic Channel (PDTCH) 8 PDTCHs form a Packet Data Channel (PDCH) Each PDCH correspond to one timeslot in GSM TDMA frame Mobile Station modes : Mobile Station modes GPRS Channels : GPRS Channels PRACH – Packet Random Access Channel, uplink, used to initiate uplink transfer PPCH – Packet Paging Channel, downlink, BSC uses this to page the MS before downlink transmission PAGCH – Packet Access Grant Channel, downlink, resource assignments are sent on this channel PDTCH – Packet Data Traffic Channel, up & downlink, used to send data packets PACCH – Packet Associated Control Channel, up & downlink, used to convey signalling along with PDTCH Introduction : Introduction GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) Reuse the existing GSM infrastructure Introduce packet-switched routing functionality Better data transfer rates Low cost and connectivity-oriented Migration Path to 3G Networks Packet-switched techniquevs. circuit-switched : Packet-switched techniquevs. circuit-switched In circuit-switching, resources (e.g. a channel) are allocated to user for duration of connection Inefficient use of resources User pays for the whole connection High QoS: channel maintains real-time connection In packet-switching, resources are allocated to user only for the time it takes to send each packet A channel can serve many users User pays by the packet Ideal for bursty data connections Comparison : Comparison Packet-switched High bit rates (up to 170kbit/s) Short access times Friendly bill (based on volume) Robust application support Frequent transmission of small volumes Infrequent transmission of small or medium volumes Circuit-switched Low bit rates (maximum 14.4kbit/s) Long access times Unfriendly bill (based on duration) Limited application support Large volumes GPRS Architecture : GPRS Architecture GPRS Architecture - Components : GPRS Architecture - Components New components introduced for GPRS services: SGSN (Serving GPRS Support Node) GGSN (Gateway GPRS Support Node) IP-based backbone network Old components in GSM upgraded for GPRS services: HLR MSC/VLR Mobile Station GPRS ArchitectureSGSN – Serving GPRS Support Node : GPRS ArchitectureSGSN – Serving GPRS Support Node At the same hierarchical level as the MSC. Transfers data packets between mobile stations and GGSNs. Keeps track of the individual MSs’ location and performs security functions and access control. Detects and registers new GPRS mobile stations located in its service area Participates into routing, as well as mobility management functions. GPRS ArchitectureGGSN – Gateway GPRS Support Node : GPRS ArchitectureGGSN – Gateway GPRS Support Node Provides inter-working between PLMN and external packet-switched networks. Converts the GPRS packets from SGSN into the appropriate packet data protocol format (e.g., IP or X.25) and sends out on the corresponding packet data network. Participates into the mobility management. Maintains the location information of the mobile stations that are using the data protocols provided by that GGSN. Collects charging information for billing purpose. GPRS ArchitectureHLR : GPRS ArchitectureHLR Enhanced with GPRS subscription data and routing information. Accessible from the SGSN via the Gr interface and from the GGSN via the Gc interface. GPRS ArchitectureMSC/VLR : GPRS ArchitectureMSC/VLR Not needed for routing of GPRS data. Needed for the co-operation between GPRS and the other GSM services. e.g., Paging for circuit-switched calls that can be performed more efficiently via the SGSN Combining GPRS and non-GPRS location updates Receives location information from SGSN or sends paging requests to SGSN via the Gs interface. GPRS ArchitectureMobile Station : GPRS ArchitectureMobile Station GPRS MS includes two components: MT (Mobile Terminal). Typically a handset used to access the radio interface. TE (Terminal Equipment). Typically a laptop or a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA). Could be one unit combing the functionalities of a MT and a TE. GPRS ArchitectureMobile Station (cont.) : GPRS ArchitectureMobile Station (cont.) Three types of MS: Class-A: Could be attached to both GPRS and other GSM services, and the MS supports simultaneous operation of GPRS and other GSM services. Class-B: Could be attached to both GPRS and other GSM services, but the MS can only operate one set of services at a time. Class-C: Could be exclusively attached to one service type at a given time. GPRS ArchitectureInterfaces : GPRS ArchitectureInterfaces TE MT BSS SGSN GGSN PDN TE MSC/VLR HLR SGSN CGF EIR Billing System Other PLMN GGSN R Um A Gs D Gr Gc Gb Gn Gi Gn Gp Gf Ga Ga • CGF(Charging Gateway) Packet transfer : Packet transfer Intra-PLMN backbone PLMN Mobility Management : Mobility Management Mobility management is the means by which GPRS keeps track of a mobile subscriber location while connected to the Network. Main concepts : GPRS mobility management states GPRS network access. Attachment. Location management Packet Data protocol PDP context Detachment Routing Example Mobility Management Mobility Management States : Explicit Detach Mobility Management Mobility Management States IDLE READY STANDBY GPRS Attach GPRS Detach Timer expiry/Force STANDBY/Abnormal RLC condition PDU Transmission /Reception reachable mobile unreachable mobile Slide 30: IDLE State GPRS MS is unreachable - MS may receive PTM-M message READY state MS can send and receive PDP PDU, and receive PTM-P and PTM-G data. A timer monitors the ready state and upon its expiry, the MS is put on standby. STANDBY State MS is attached to GPRS MM. - MS and SGSN have established MM contexts. MS can receive PTM-M and PTM-G data (i.e. can receive paging message) PTP data reception and transmission, and PTM-G data transmission are not possible Mobility Management Mobility Management States (cont.) Mobility Management GPRS network access : Mobility Management GPRS network access An MS can connect to the GPRS network by requesting a GPRS attach procedure. The outcome is the establishment of a logical link between the MS and a single SGSN and the creation of a mobility management context. The logical link is uniquely defined by the identifier TLLI and is used subsequently in messages exchanged between the MS and SGSN. This identifier is changed when the MS is served by a new SGSN. Mobility Management Attachment : Mobility Management Attachment Before a mobile station can use GPRS services, it must register with an SGSN of the GPRS network. The network checks if the user is authorized, copies the user profile from the HLR to the SGSN, and assigns a packet temporary mobile subscriber identity (P-TMSI) to the user. Steps : Inform the network for the MS’s request to be active Network checks the Ms’s identity Download MS’s subscription information from HLR to SGSN. Update MSC/HLR Mobility Management Attachment : Mobility Management Attachment GPRS Attach function : Authenticate the mobile Generate the ciphering key Enable the ciphering Allocate temporary identity (TLLI) Copy subscriber profile from HLR to SGSN After GPRS attach The location of the mobile is tracked Communication between MS and SGSN is secured Charging information is collected SGSN knows what the subscriber is allowed to do HLR knows the location of the MS in accuracy of SGSN Mobility Management -Attachment [5] : Mobility Management -Attachment [5] MS BSS New SGSN Old SGSN GGSN EIR New MSC/VLR HLR old MSC/VLR Mobility Management Packet Data Protocol(PDP) Session : Mobility Management Packet Data Protocol(PDP) Session An MS can request to activate one or more PDP (Packet Data Protocol) contexts which specify the PDNs (Packet Data Networks) it want to access. A PDP context activation procedure is initiated for each required PDP session. Triggered by the MS or a request from a PDN. Contains the parameters required to transfer packets between the MS and the PDN via a GGSN. An MS can have more than one PDP context. Mobility Management Packet Data Protocol(PDP) Session : Mobility Management Packet Data Protocol(PDP) Session An MS specifies its network service access point and the Access Point Name (APN) of the PDN it wants to connect to. The SGSN identifies the corresponding GGSN and make its aware of the MS. A two way point-to-point path (tunnel) is uniquely identified by a tunnel ID (TID ) and is established between the SGSN and the GGSN. At the MS a PDP context is identified by a Network Service Access Point Identifier(NSPAI), used by the MS for data transfers. Ms can be assigned static or dynamic addresses Mobility Management Packet Data Protocol(PDP) Content : Mobility Management Packet Data Protocol(PDP) Content A PDP (PACKET Data Protocol) contains: The type of network PDP used (X25, IP...). PDP Addresses of the terminal (x.121, IP). IP Addresses of the SGSN where the subscriber is localized. The access point to the service network used (NSAPI). The quality of service. Mobility Management Packet Data Protocol(PDP) Session[8] : Mobility Management Packet Data Protocol(PDP) Session[8] An MS with two PDP contexts Active Mobility Management PDP context Activation [5] : Mobility Management PDP context Activation [5] MS SGSN GGSN Activate PDP Context Request MS Activate PDP Context Accept Create PDP Context Request Create PDP Context Response PDP type,PDP Address QoS Requested,Access Point,… PDP type,PDP Address, IMSI, QoS Negotiated,Access Point,… PDP type,QoS Negotiated,… PDP type,PDP Address QoS Negotiated,… Mobility Management PDP context Deactivation [5] : Mobility Management PDP context Deactivation [5] MS SGSN GGSN MS DEACTIVATE PDP CONTEXT REQUEST(NSAPI) GTP DELETE PDP CONTEXT REQUEST (NSAPI,IMSI) GTP DELETE PDP CONTEXT RESPONSE SM DEACTIVATE PDP CONTEXT ACCEPT(NSAPI) Mobility ManagementDetachment : Mobility ManagementDetachment Two types of Detachments : MS initiated Detachment: Network Initiated Detachment: (Ex : service Termination, Network congestion) Mobility Management MS Initiated Detachment [5] : Mobility Management MS Initiated Detachment [5] Slide 43: Mobility Management Network Initiated Detachment [5]